Engeu Ogwang Patrick, Samba Twinomujuni Silvano, U. T. Casim, Wasswa Francis
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{"title":"Preclinical immunomodulatory activity of COVIDEX herbal product developed for supportive treatment of COVID-19 in Uganda","authors":"Engeu Ogwang Patrick, Samba Twinomujuni Silvano, U. T. Casim, Wasswa Francis","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2023.5371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2023.5371","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siméon YOBO-BI Manan, Sita N'zoue Kanga, Touré Massiré, Célestin Bénié Adoubs, Yves Cedrick Kee Mankoh, Ahua Jean Bertrand Kpangni, Claude Stéphane Batoué Tia Alain, Kamagaté Mamadou
{"title":"Nicolau syndrome: An avoidable iatrogenic complication leading to disabilities","authors":"Siméon YOBO-BI Manan, Sita N'zoue Kanga, Touré Massiré, Célestin Bénié Adoubs, Yves Cedrick Kee Mankoh, Ahua Jean Bertrand Kpangni, Claude Stéphane Batoué Tia Alain, Kamagaté Mamadou","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2024.5389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"44 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koffi Camille, Mathieu Kouame N’goran, Eugène Koffi Kouassi, Sita N’ZOUÉ Kanga, Alain Roland Yao N’guessan, Doukoure Brahima, Kamagaté Mamadou
{"title":"Antihyperglycemic and pancreatic ?-Cells protective effects of Cassia siamea in Alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats","authors":"Koffi Camille, Mathieu Kouame N’goran, Eugène Koffi Kouassi, Sita N’ZOUÉ Kanga, Alain Roland Yao N’guessan, Doukoure Brahima, Kamagaté Mamadou","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2024.5379x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5379x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"107 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvano Twinomujuni, P. Ogwang, E. Atukunda, Amanya Martin, Mary Nantongo, Richard Otim, Rose Nabatanzi, Felicitas Roelofsen, Bernard Bagaya, Joel Bazira
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{"title":"Immunomodulatory effect of Artemisia annua and Moringa oleifera on viral load among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda","authors":"Silvano Twinomujuni, P. Ogwang, E. Atukunda, Amanya Martin, Mary Nantongo, Richard Otim, Rose Nabatanzi, Felicitas Roelofsen, Bernard Bagaya, Joel Bazira","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2023.5373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2023.5373","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Tia Gbongue, Etienne Effo Kouakou, Nounaféri Awa Silue Gniènèfèrètien, Donaldo Jean-Fabius Ahua Amankou, Axelle Edith Kouadio Ahou, N. Geneviève, Gisèle KOUAKOU-SIRANSY N’doua
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{"title":"Pharmacotherapeutics of cerebrovascular accidents in the medical intensive care unit of the Abidjan Cardiology Institute (Ivory Coast)","authors":"Eric Tia Gbongue, Etienne Effo Kouakou, Nounaféri Awa Silue Gniènèfèrètien, Donaldo Jean-Fabius Ahua Amankou, Axelle Edith Kouadio Ahou, N. Geneviève, Gisèle KOUAKOU-SIRANSY N’doua","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2023.5366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2023.5366","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oloro Joseph, A. Ganafa Amon, O. P’okello Oscar, M. Mucunu James, E. Maitho Timothy
Acute toxicity testing plays a pivotal role in the initial safety assessment of products. It examines the effects of a single or multiple doses of a product administered to animals or taken by humans within a 24-hour period. This test holds particular importance in determining the toxic characteristics of products intended for use in humans, animals, and agriculture. Despite the availability of numerous herbal medicinal products in the Ugandan market, there is a notable absence of data regarding their safety profiles. This study focuses on the assessment of acute toxic effects of Artavol®, a herbal tea aimed at malaria prevention. The study follows the guidelines set forth by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). An analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was carried out on Artavol® to identify its constituent compounds. The yield of the extract from Artavol® was determined to be 4.7%. The product was deemed safe within the limit dose of 5000 mg/kg. The GC-MS analysis of Artavol® revealed the presence of 40 compounds in the extract. Notably, the analysis identified artemisinin compounds (dihydroartemisinin and deoxyartemisinin) as well as coumarin compounds among others. This study reaffirms the previously reported safety of Artavol® up to the dosage of 5000 mg/kg. Furthermore, it confirms the existence of multiple compounds, previously reported coumarins, while also revealing the presence of compounds that were thought to be removed during processing. These latter compounds include dihydroartemisinin and deoxyartemisinin. To ensure the claimed complete deartemisation, further refinement in the processing is recommended. Key words: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS), analysis, Acute toxicity, antimalaria tea, Artavol, Artemesia annua.
{"title":"Assessment of the in vivo acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of artavol antimalaria herbal tea","authors":"Oloro Joseph, A. Ganafa Amon, O. P’okello Oscar, M. Mucunu James, E. Maitho Timothy","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2023.5364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2023.5364","url":null,"abstract":"Acute toxicity testing plays a pivotal role in the initial safety assessment of products. It examines the effects of a single or multiple doses of a product administered to animals or taken by humans within a 24-hour period. This test holds particular importance in determining the toxic characteristics of products intended for use in humans, animals, and agriculture. Despite the availability of numerous herbal medicinal products in the Ugandan market, there is a notable absence of data regarding their safety profiles. This study focuses on the assessment of acute toxic effects of Artavol®, a herbal tea aimed at malaria prevention. The study follows the guidelines set forth by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). An analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was carried out on Artavol® to identify its constituent compounds. The yield of the extract from Artavol® was determined to be 4.7%. The product was deemed safe within the limit dose of 5000 mg/kg. The GC-MS analysis of Artavol® revealed the presence of 40 compounds in the extract. Notably, the analysis identified artemisinin compounds (dihydroartemisinin and deoxyartemisinin) as well as coumarin compounds among others. This study reaffirms the previously reported safety of Artavol® up to the dosage of 5000 mg/kg. Furthermore, it confirms the existence of multiple compounds, previously reported coumarins, while also revealing the presence of compounds that were thought to be removed during processing. These latter compounds include dihydroartemisinin and deoxyartemisinin. To ensure the claimed complete deartemisation, further refinement in the processing is recommended. Key words: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS), analysis, Acute toxicity, antimalaria tea, Artavol, Artemesia annua.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136272556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm ex Lamm (Araliaceae) is traditionally used to treat various pathologies like hypertension. This work aims to evaluate the impact of hydro-ethanolic extract of its leaves on the blood pressure and cardiac activity of rabbits, and then to compare its hypotensive effect to conventional hypotensives. Intravenous injection of the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract (10; 20; 40; 80 and 160 mg /kg body weight) of H. bonariensis induced a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) in rabbits. Injection of same doses induced at 80 and 160 mg /kg on the rabbit’s ECG a decrease in P wave amplitude and heart rate but caused a rise in RR interval. Comparison of the hypotensive effect of 40 mg/kg extract with the effects of 1.5 mg/kg propranolol, 0.1 mg/kg nicardipine and 1.5 mg/kg furosemide in rabbits shows that there is insignificant variation between the hypotensive effect of the extract and the hypotensive effects of these products at the doses administered in rabbits. These results confirm the hypotensive effect of H. bonariensis leaf extract, thus justifying its utilization managing high blood pressure traditionally. Key words: Hydrocotyle bonariensis, hypertension, electrocardiograms (ECGs), hypotensives.
bonariensis Comm ex Lamm(五加科)传统上用于治疗各种疾病，如高血压。本研究旨在评价其叶水乙醇提取物对家兔血压和心脏活动的影响，并将其降压效果与常规降压药进行比较。静脉注射水乙醇叶提取物(10;20;40;80和160 mg /kg体重)的bonariensis可显著降低家兔收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和平均血压(MBP)。相同剂量注射80、160 mg /kg诱导家兔心电图P波振幅和心率下降，RR间期升高。将40 mg/kg提取物与1.5 mg/kg心得安、0.1 mg/kg尼卡地平和1.5 mg/kg速尿对家兔的降压效果进行比较，结果表明，在给药剂量下，该提取物的降压效果与上述产品的降压效果差异不显著。这些结果证实了博纳利叶提取物的降压作用，从而证明了其在传统治疗高血压方面的应用。关键词:博纳水子叶，高血压，心电图，降压药
{"title":"Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm ex Lamm (Araliaceae) leaves effects on rabbits blood pressure and electrocardiogram","authors":"Kaboua Komla, Pakoussi Tcha, Mouzou Aklesso, Kadissoli Balakiyém, Assih Mindede, Diallo Aboudoulatif, BOIS Patrick, Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2023.5362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2023.5362","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm ex Lamm (Araliaceae) is traditionally used to treat various pathologies like hypertension. This work aims to evaluate the impact of hydro-ethanolic extract of its leaves on the blood pressure and cardiac activity of rabbits, and then to compare its hypotensive effect to conventional hypotensives. Intravenous injection of the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract (10; 20; 40; 80 and 160 mg /kg body weight) of H. bonariensis induced a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) in rabbits. Injection of same doses induced at 80 and 160 mg /kg on the rabbit’s ECG a decrease in P wave amplitude and heart rate but caused a rise in RR interval. Comparison of the hypotensive effect of 40 mg/kg extract with the effects of 1.5 mg/kg propranolol, 0.1 mg/kg nicardipine and 1.5 mg/kg furosemide in rabbits shows that there is insignificant variation between the hypotensive effect of the extract and the hypotensive effects of these products at the doses administered in rabbits. These results confirm the hypotensive effect of H. bonariensis leaf extract, thus justifying its utilization managing high blood pressure traditionally. Key words: Hydrocotyle bonariensis, hypertension, electrocardiograms (ECGs), hypotensives.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136278018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syrups, being non-sterile liquid pharmaceutical formulations, are prone to microbial contamination. The most common microbial contaminants are bacteria and fungi. Contamination of oral liquid pharmaceuticals makes them hazardous due to potential to cause infections, and may also change their physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties. This study assessed the microbial quality and physical characteristic parameters of 10 samples from each of four different brands of cough syrup sold in Ishaka, Bushenyi district. Microbial quality was assessed on samples of the syrups using spread-plate method via surface spreading of prepared dilutions of the different samples on agar plates. Plates were then incubated and colonies counted and expressed as number of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). The brand mean pH ranged from 3.04 to 5.02 and density from 1.05 to 1.35 g/cm 3 respectively. All sampled brands were compliant for pH, density, color and taste specifications. Out of the 40 tested samples, 57.5% showed total viable counts within the acceptable British Pharmacopoeia (BP) limit (≤100 CFU/ml), while 42.5% showed results outside the specified limit. All samples complied with BP requirements for Staphylococcus aureus while 97.5% samples complied with BP requirements for Escherichia coli . Based on mean CFU/ml, all the four brands met the acceptance limits for both S. aureus and E. coli , but one of the brands had an unacceptably high total viable count. Adequate quality control measures and stringent regulatory monitoring should be enforced in the supply chain to reduce on chances of product contamination.
{"title":"Microbial and physical evaluation of selected cough syrups sold at peripheral drug outlets in Bushenyi District, South Western Uganda","authors":"Matovu Johnmary, Gonahasa Mark, Ireeta Munanura Edson, Ntulume Ibrahim, Tusiimire Jonans","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2020.5196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2020.5196","url":null,"abstract":"Syrups, being non-sterile liquid pharmaceutical formulations, are prone to microbial contamination. The most common microbial contaminants are bacteria and fungi. Contamination of oral liquid pharmaceuticals makes them hazardous due to potential to cause infections, and may also change their physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties. This study assessed the microbial quality and physical characteristic parameters of 10 samples from each of four different brands of cough syrup sold in Ishaka, Bushenyi district. Microbial quality was assessed on samples of the syrups using spread-plate method via surface spreading of prepared dilutions of the different samples on agar plates. Plates were then incubated and colonies counted and expressed as number of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). The brand mean pH ranged from 3.04 to 5.02 and density from 1.05 to 1.35 g/cm 3 respectively. All sampled brands were compliant for pH, density, color and taste specifications. Out of the 40 tested samples, 57.5% showed total viable counts within the acceptable British Pharmacopoeia (BP) limit (≤100 CFU/ml), while 42.5% showed results outside the specified limit. All samples complied with BP requirements for Staphylococcus aureus while 97.5% samples complied with BP requirements for Escherichia coli . Based on mean CFU/ml, all the four brands met the acceptance limits for both S. aureus and E. coli , but one of the brands had an unacceptably high total viable count. Adequate quality control measures and stringent regulatory monitoring should be enforced in the supply chain to reduce on chances of product contamination.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49130059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negative attitudes regarding vaccines and unwillingness to accept vaccinations are major barriers to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study assessed the attitudes towards vaccines and intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 among undergraduate students at the University of Zambia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students from August to September 2021. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire using the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale, where higher scores denoted greater negative attitudes. Overall, 339 students responded to the questionnaire, of whom 78 (23%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine and 261 (77%) were not vaccinated. Overall, 185 (54.6%) of the respondents exhibited negative attitudes towards vaccines. 249 (73.5%) of the respondents expressed a highly negative attitude concerning worries about the unforeseen effects of vaccines, while 191 (56.3%) reported a moderately negative attitude about general mistrust of vaccine benefits. 135 (40%) of the respondents intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, 123 (36%) were unsure, and 81 (24%) were unwilling. Studying a health-related program (AOR: 1.8, CI:104-3.03), the third year of study (AOR: 3.4, CI:1.08-10.5), and having a low negative attitude towards vaccines (AOR: 3.6, CI:2.24-5.83) were significantly associated with the intention to vaccinate. In this study, more than half of the participants displayed a highly negative attitude towards vaccines and had a low intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Since the majority of participants are future parents, there is a need to develop awareness that targets behaviour changes to address the negative attitude exhibited by the participants towards vaccines. Key words: Vaccination, immunizations, attitudes, intentions, COVID-19, students, vaccine hesitancy.
{"title":"Attitudes towards vaccines and intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 among undergraduate students at the University of Zambia","authors":"Kampamba Martin, Kalima Moonga, Nang’andu Hikaambo Christabel, Mukosha Moses, Mudenda Steward, Sachiko Ozawa","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2023.5357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2023.5357","url":null,"abstract":"Negative attitudes regarding vaccines and unwillingness to accept vaccinations are major barriers to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study assessed the attitudes towards vaccines and intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 among undergraduate students at the University of Zambia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students from August to September 2021. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire using the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale, where higher scores denoted greater negative attitudes. Overall, 339 students responded to the questionnaire, of whom 78 (23%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine and 261 (77%) were not vaccinated. Overall, 185 (54.6%) of the respondents exhibited negative attitudes towards vaccines. 249 (73.5%) of the respondents expressed a highly negative attitude concerning worries about the unforeseen effects of vaccines, while 191 (56.3%) reported a moderately negative attitude about general mistrust of vaccine benefits. 135 (40%) of the respondents intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, 123 (36%) were unsure, and 81 (24%) were unwilling. Studying a health-related program (AOR: 1.8, CI:104-3.03), the third year of study (AOR: 3.4, CI:1.08-10.5), and having a low negative attitude towards vaccines (AOR: 3.6, CI:2.24-5.83) were significantly associated with the intention to vaccinate. In this study, more than half of the participants displayed a highly negative attitude towards vaccines and had a low intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Since the majority of participants are future parents, there is a need to develop awareness that targets behaviour changes to address the negative attitude exhibited by the participants towards vaccines. Key words: Vaccination, immunizations, attitudes, intentions, COVID-19, students, vaccine hesitancy.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135782393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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