Mahrukh Malik, Shahzad Hussain, Javeria Malik, Asia Adil, S. Nazir, Muhammad Usman Gondal
As general awareness for using herbal drugs in today’s health practice is increasing, the world is endorsing extraordinary increase in the consumption of herbal products. This increase in the demand has led to consumers’ dissatisfaction due to substandard products, making the herbal market risky. There is need to set standard that will help to evaluate herbal drugs to ensure formulation of high quality products. The present investigation is conducted to evaluate the physiochemical measures of accessible mother tinctures from Aconitum napellus, Kalmia latifolia, Crataegus monogyna, Atropa belladonna and Digitalis purpurea. Mother tinctures were collected from five manufacturers in Pakistan and evaluated for physiochemical parameters, % alcohol contents, weight in dry/ml, % non-volatile matter and pH. World synchronization, following WHO specific guidelines for herbal products standardization is needed. Also, regulation should be endorsed to control herbal market adoption of WHO guideline. Key words: Herbal drugs, standardization, quality control, Aconitum napellus, Kalmia latifolia, Crataegus monogyna, Atropa Belladonna, Digitalis purpurea.
{"title":"Quality assessment of frequently available mother tinctures in the market by employing standard values","authors":"Mahrukh Malik, Shahzad Hussain, Javeria Malik, Asia Adil, S. Nazir, Muhammad Usman Gondal","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2021.5229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2021.5229","url":null,"abstract":"As general awareness for using herbal drugs in today’s health practice is increasing, the world is endorsing extraordinary increase in the consumption of herbal products. This increase in the demand has led to consumers’ dissatisfaction due to substandard products, making the herbal market risky. There is need to set standard that will help to evaluate herbal drugs to ensure formulation of high quality products. The present investigation is conducted to evaluate the physiochemical measures of accessible mother tinctures from Aconitum napellus, Kalmia latifolia, Crataegus monogyna, Atropa belladonna and Digitalis purpurea. Mother tinctures were collected from five manufacturers in Pakistan and evaluated for physiochemical parameters, % alcohol contents, weight in dry/ml, % non-volatile matter and pH. World synchronization, following WHO specific guidelines for herbal products standardization is needed. Also, regulation should be endorsed to control herbal market adoption of WHO guideline. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Herbal drugs, standardization, quality control, Aconitum napellus, Kalmia latifolia, Crataegus monogyna, Atropa Belladonna, Digitalis purpurea.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":"61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. O. Kwakye, K. Buabeng, N. A. M. Opare-Addo, E. Owusu-Dabo
Patients with hypertension and diabetes co-morbidity may have medication knowledge and therapy challenges that could impact on patients’ outcomes. The study examines knowledge of medication and therapy among hypertension and Type-2- diabetes mellitus co-morbid patients at a Municipal hospital in Ghana. This study was conducted at the medical outpatient department (OPD) of the Municipal Hospital in Tema (a Harbour City), in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. This was a prospective study involving 389 patients, who had co-morbid hypertension and Type-2-diabetes mellitus visiting an OPD of the hospital, of which 338 patients consented to be part of the study. The patients were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire, on the name, purpose, number of medications taken, dose, duration of therapy, mode of administration, and side effects of the medication therapy. Bloom’s cut off was used to assess the overall patients’ knowledge, and chi-square analysis used to test the association between knowledge and other variables. From the study, 29% of the study subjects (n=98) had five medicines prescribed (the highest) and three patients (0.9%) were prescribed nine medicines (the least). Patients had knowledge of the names of medication (n=158, 46.8%), duration of therapy (n=322, 95.3%), route of administration (n=324, 95.9%), purpose of anti-hypertensive (n=254, 75.1%), anti-diabetic therapy (n=251, 74.9%) and common side effects (n=50, 14.8%). Overall, more than half had inadequate knowledge of their medication and therapy (n=187, 55.3%). The hypertensive and diabetic patients did not have adequate knowledge about their medications and therapy. This provides justification for the integration of effective pharmaceutical care interventions to improve patients’ outcomes. Keywords: Hypertension, Knowledge, Medication, Therapy, Type-2-diabetes mellitus
{"title":"Knowledge of hypertension and diabetes comorbid patients about their medication in a municipal hospital in Ghana","authors":"A. O. Kwakye, K. Buabeng, N. A. M. Opare-Addo, E. Owusu-Dabo","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2021.5232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2021.5232","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with hypertension and diabetes co-morbidity may have medication knowledge and therapy challenges that could impact on patients’ outcomes. The study examines knowledge of medication and therapy among hypertension and Type-2- diabetes mellitus co-morbid patients at a Municipal hospital in Ghana. This study was conducted at the medical outpatient department (OPD) of the Municipal Hospital in Tema (a Harbour City), in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. This was a prospective study involving 389 patients, who had co-morbid hypertension and Type-2-diabetes mellitus visiting an OPD of the hospital, of which 338 patients consented to be part of the study. The patients were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire, on the name, purpose, number of medications taken, dose, duration of therapy, mode of administration, and side effects of the medication therapy. Bloom’s cut off was used to assess the overall patients’ knowledge, and chi-square analysis used to test the association between knowledge and other variables. From the study, 29% of the study subjects (n=98) had five medicines prescribed (the highest) and three patients (0.9%) were prescribed nine medicines (the least). Patients had knowledge of the names of medication (n=158, 46.8%), duration of therapy (n=322, 95.3%), route of administration (n=324, 95.9%), purpose of anti-hypertensive (n=254, 75.1%), anti-diabetic therapy (n=251, 74.9%) and common side effects (n=50, 14.8%). Overall, more than half had inadequate knowledge of their medication and therapy (n=187, 55.3%). The hypertensive and diabetic patients did not have adequate knowledge about their medications and therapy. This provides justification for the integration of effective pharmaceutical care interventions to improve patients’ outcomes. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: Hypertension, Knowledge, Medication, Therapy, Type-2-diabetes mellitus","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46534082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jaruratanasirikul, Napawadee Nopparatana, Apinya Boonpeng, S. Sriwiriyajan, Natruethai Kaewpratum, Maseetoh Samaeng, Monchana Nawakitrangsan
An alteration of pharmacokinetics (PK) due to pathophysiological changes in patients with critical illnesses have the impact on the drug levels in plasma, consequently affecting the achievement of pharmacodynamics (PD) targets of antibiotics. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the population PK, and (ii) to assess the probability of target attainment (PTA) of ertapenem in patients with critical conditions. The study examined the population PK of ertapenem using NONMEM and performed the assessment of the PTAs of achieving 40 and 80% of the time that the free drug level exceeds over the MIC (fT>MIC). The central and peripheral volumes of distribution were 49 (with the %CV of 67.10) and 91.90 (with the %CV of 78.90) L, respectively, and total clearance of ertapenem was 15.40 (with the %CV of 46.80) L/h. Our PD analysis for achieving a target of 40% fT>MIC in patients with normal renal function, the dosing of 1 g once daily can cover a MIC of 0.5 mg/L and for a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 mg/L, the dosing should be increased to 2 g once daily. Moreover, the achievements of PTAs in patients with lower GFRs were greater than those of PTAs in patients with higher GFRs. In conclusion, higher than maximum recommended dosing of ertapenem may be required for achieving the PD targets in septic patients with critical illnesses; however, in renal impaired patients the required dosage regimens may be lower than recommended dosing. Key words: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, ertapenem, sepsis, Monte Carlo simulation.
{"title":"NONMEM population pharmacokinetic and Monte Carlo dosing simulation of ertapenem in patients with sepsis","authors":"S. Jaruratanasirikul, Napawadee Nopparatana, Apinya Boonpeng, S. Sriwiriyajan, Natruethai Kaewpratum, Maseetoh Samaeng, Monchana Nawakitrangsan","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2021.5236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2021.5236","url":null,"abstract":"An alteration of pharmacokinetics (PK) due to pathophysiological changes in patients with critical illnesses have the impact on the drug levels in plasma, consequently affecting the achievement of pharmacodynamics (PD) targets of antibiotics. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the population PK, and (ii) to assess the probability of target attainment (PTA) of ertapenem in patients with critical conditions. The study examined the population PK of ertapenem using NONMEM and performed the assessment of the PTAs of achieving 40 and 80% of the time that the free drug level exceeds over the MIC (fT>MIC). The central and peripheral volumes of distribution were 49 (with the %CV of 67.10) and 91.90 (with the %CV of 78.90) L, respectively, and total clearance of ertapenem was 15.40 (with the %CV of 46.80) L/h. Our PD analysis for achieving a target of 40% fT>MIC in patients with normal renal function, the dosing of 1 g once daily can cover a MIC of 0.5 mg/L and for a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 mg/L, the dosing should be increased to 2 g once daily. Moreover, the achievements of PTAs in patients with lower GFRs were greater than those of PTAs in patients with higher GFRs. In conclusion, higher than maximum recommended dosing of ertapenem may be required for achieving the PD targets in septic patients with critical illnesses; however, in renal impaired patients the required dosage regimens may be lower than recommended dosing. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, ertapenem, sepsis, Monte Carlo simulation.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45992808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research is to evaluate the hematological and biochemical activity of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib leaf ethanol extracts in normal albino rats. Thirty-two male and female rats were divided into four groups, each with equal numbers of male (n=4), female (n=4). The control group was administered 1 ml of 10% tween 80. The experimental groups were administered ethanol with concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (bw). After 21 days of treatment, the blood samples were collected for hematological: Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte (LYMPH), monocyte (MONO), eosinophil (EO), basophil (BASO) and biochemical analysis; glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), cholesterol (CHOL), and triglyceride (TG). The results showed that both male and female rats that received 500 mg/kg bw Craib leaf ethanol extract have increased RBC, HGB, HCT and WBC. The hematological activity in male rats increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group. The biochemical activity in male rats administered with 125 mg/kg bw significantly (p < 0.05) increased BUN, CHOL, and TG compared to the control group. No evidence of abnormalities was observed. Key words: Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib, hematological, biochemical.
{"title":"Evaluation of hematological and biochemical activity of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib leaves ethanol extracts in normal albino rats","authors":"Juthaporn Kwansang, Watchara Damjuti, Natnaree Siriwon","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2020.5208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5208","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to evaluate the hematological and biochemical activity of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib leaf ethanol extracts in normal albino rats. Thirty-two male and female rats were divided into four groups, each with equal numbers of male (n=4), female (n=4). The control group was administered 1 ml of 10% tween 80. The experimental groups were administered ethanol with concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (bw). After 21 days of treatment, the blood samples were collected for hematological: Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte (LYMPH), monocyte (MONO), eosinophil (EO), basophil (BASO) and biochemical analysis; glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), cholesterol (CHOL), and triglyceride (TG). The results showed that both male and female rats that received 500 mg/kg bw Craib leaf ethanol extract have increased RBC, HGB, HCT and WBC. The hematological activity in male rats increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group. The biochemical activity in male rats administered with 125 mg/kg bw significantly (p < 0.05) increased BUN, CHOL, and TG compared to the control group. No evidence of abnormalities was observed. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib, hematological, biochemical.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49644902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. D. Falang, K. Amagon, B. Bukar, A. Ukpe, N. Wannang, J. Kolawole, J. Damen, Y. Agabi, R. J. Kutshik, I. Longdet, S. Gomerep, I. Shittu, Stephen Daniel Davou
Transmission of COVID-19 is facilitated by uptake of droplets containing coronavirus from the breath, sneeze or cough of infected persons. This represents the commonest mode of coronavirus infection and spread to mucous membranes of the respiratory system. The virus rapidly replicates in alveolar cells, triggering a strong immune response, resulting in cytokine storm syndromes and pulmonary tissue damage. These pathologic processes contribute to a compromised pulmonary function. Thus, evaluation of pulmonary function would give insights into modulatory effect of agents that may be beneficial in ameliorating this pathology. The study evaluated effects of Cov-Pla1 and Cov-Pla3 (polyherbal products of the research team, positioned for treatment of Covid-19) on pulmonary function in bleomycin-induced lung injury in rabbits. Rabbits of both sexes were divided into six groups and treated with the extracts alone or the extract following pre-treatment with bleomycin. Targeted respiratory function parameters were monitored at baseline and on day three. Vital capacity, tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and inspiratory capacity in the groups treated with Cov-Pla1 and Cov-Pla3 at 125 and 500 mg/kg respectively were compared with the bleomycin only group. In bleomycin pre-treated groups, the two preparations at 125 mg/kg showed increased vital capacity compared to the bleomyicn only group. This pattern was repeated with the other parameters that were evaluated. These results imply that Cov-Pla1 and Cov-Pla3 at the 125 mg/kg dose have ameliorative effects on bleomycin induced lung injury and could be beneficial in situations such as COVID-19 where there are active insults to the respiratory system. Keywords: COVID-19, Cov-Pla, Herbal Preparation, Respiratory function
{"title":"Effect of Cov-Pla1 and Cov-Pla3 extract on some pulmonary function parameters in rabbits","authors":"K. D. Falang, K. Amagon, B. Bukar, A. Ukpe, N. Wannang, J. Kolawole, J. Damen, Y. Agabi, R. J. Kutshik, I. Longdet, S. Gomerep, I. Shittu, Stephen Daniel Davou","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2020.5211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5211","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission of COVID-19 is facilitated by uptake of droplets containing coronavirus from the breath, sneeze or cough of infected persons. This represents the commonest mode of coronavirus infection and spread to mucous membranes of the respiratory system. The virus rapidly replicates in alveolar cells, triggering a strong immune response, resulting in cytokine storm syndromes and pulmonary tissue damage. These pathologic processes contribute to a compromised pulmonary function. Thus, evaluation of pulmonary function would give insights into modulatory effect of agents that may be beneficial in ameliorating this pathology. The study evaluated effects of Cov-Pla1 and Cov-Pla3 (polyherbal products of the research team, positioned for treatment of Covid-19) on pulmonary function in bleomycin-induced lung injury in rabbits. Rabbits of both sexes were divided into six groups and treated with the extracts alone or the extract following pre-treatment with bleomycin. Targeted respiratory function parameters were monitored at baseline and on day three. Vital capacity, tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and inspiratory capacity in the groups treated with Cov-Pla1 and Cov-Pla3 at 125 and 500 mg/kg respectively were compared with the bleomycin only group. In bleomycin pre-treated groups, the two preparations at 125 mg/kg showed increased vital capacity compared to the bleomyicn only group. This pattern was repeated with the other parameters that were evaluated. These results imply that Cov-Pla1 and Cov-Pla3 at the 125 mg/kg dose have ameliorative effects on bleomycin induced lung injury and could be beneficial in situations such as COVID-19 where there are active insults to the respiratory system. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: COVID-19, Cov-Pla, Herbal Preparation, Respiratory function","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":"43-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46705886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Akanmu, O. Sodipo, U. Sandabe, B. Shamaki, S. Balogun, J. Jubrin
The present study investigated novelty-induced behavior, learning and memory enhancing activities of aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts of Solanum incanum Linn. using mice models. The mice were divided into sixteen (16) groups of five (5) mice each and treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg, i.p); 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg (i.p) of both aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts; scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p) plus pramiracetam (100 mg/kg, i.p), 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg, (i.p) of both aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts. On the 8th day of the experiment, the animal’s locomotor, rearing, grooming, percentage alternation, transfer latency and escape latency were measured. Intraperitoneal administration of S. incanum fruit extracts showed a significant decrease in locomotion, rearing and grooming when compared with distilled water. S. incanum fruit extracts at the tested doses significantly increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation and attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine as indicated in reduction of the transfer latency and escape latency. In conclusion, both aqueous and ethanol extracts of S. incanum fruit significantly improved learning and memory in mice and this could justify the ethnomedicinal use of this plant. Key words: Solanum incanum, novelty-induced behaviour, learning, memory, albino mice
{"title":"Novelty-induced behavior and memory enhancing activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Solanum incanum Linn. fruits in mice","authors":"A. Akanmu, O. Sodipo, U. Sandabe, B. Shamaki, S. Balogun, J. Jubrin","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2020.5210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5210","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated novelty-induced behavior, learning and memory enhancing activities of aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts of Solanum incanum Linn. using mice models. The mice were divided into sixteen (16) groups of five (5) mice each and treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg, i.p); 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg (i.p) of both aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts; scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p) plus pramiracetam (100 mg/kg, i.p), 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg, (i.p) of both aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts. On the 8th day of the experiment, the animal’s locomotor, rearing, grooming, percentage alternation, transfer latency and escape latency were measured. Intraperitoneal administration of S. incanum fruit extracts showed a significant decrease in locomotion, rearing and grooming when compared with distilled water. S. incanum fruit extracts at the tested doses significantly increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation and attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine as indicated in reduction of the transfer latency and escape latency. In conclusion, both aqueous and ethanol extracts of S. incanum fruit significantly improved learning and memory in mice and this could justify the ethnomedicinal use of this plant. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Solanum incanum, novelty-induced behaviour, learning, memory, albino mice","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47642491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Konaté, F. Dubruc, R. Sawadogo, L. Ferhat, Norah Boumedine, V. Mahiou, E. Ollivier, P. Guissou, O. Caillard
Annona senegalensis Pers. is a plant used in Burkina folkloric medicine for the treatment of epilepsy. The stem-bark, roots and leaves of A. senegalensis are used for an array of human disorders, including epilepsy. Previous studies have demonstrated some genuine effects of A. senegalensis fractions in vivo models of temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present work, we have compared the pharmacological profile of the most promising A. senegalensis fraction obtained up-to-date with anticonvulsant drugs targeting voltage-activated channels namely Carbamazepine (Na+ channels) and Retigabine (KCNQ Channels). In an in vitro model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we could observe a dose-dependent reduction of electrically evoked epileptiform bursts in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus when applying carbamazepine, retigabine or the F4 fraction of A. senegalensis. The intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons was dose-dependently reduced by A. senegalensis. Since A. senegalensis effects could not anymore be observed when endogenous voltage-dependent sodium channels were blocked and intrinsic excitability restored with a dynamic clamp amplifier, it was concluded that A. senegalensis contains molecules that target voltage-dependent sodium channels. Key words: Hippocampus, epilepsy, Annona senegalensis, Burkina Faso plant extracts, sodium channel, KCNQ channel, M-current, retigabine, carbamazepine.
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae), a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy in Burkina Faso","authors":"A. Konaté, F. Dubruc, R. Sawadogo, L. Ferhat, Norah Boumedine, V. Mahiou, E. Ollivier, P. Guissou, O. Caillard","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2020.5203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5203","url":null,"abstract":"Annona senegalensis Pers. is a plant used in Burkina folkloric medicine for the treatment of epilepsy. The stem-bark, roots and leaves of A. senegalensis are used for an array of human disorders, including epilepsy. Previous studies have demonstrated some genuine effects of A. senegalensis fractions in vivo models of temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present work, we have compared the pharmacological profile of the most promising A. senegalensis fraction obtained up-to-date with anticonvulsant drugs targeting voltage-activated channels namely Carbamazepine (Na+ channels) and Retigabine (KCNQ Channels). In an in vitro model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we could observe a dose-dependent reduction of electrically evoked epileptiform bursts in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus when applying carbamazepine, retigabine or the F4 fraction of A. senegalensis. The intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons was dose-dependently reduced by A. senegalensis. Since A. senegalensis effects could not anymore be observed when endogenous voltage-dependent sodium channels were blocked and intrinsic excitability restored with a dynamic clamp amplifier, it was concluded that A. senegalensis contains molecules that target voltage-dependent sodium channels. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hippocampus, epilepsy, Annona senegalensis, Burkina Faso plant extracts, sodium channel, KCNQ channel, M-current, retigabine, carbamazepine.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45604432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The medicinal plants, which are at the origin of the medical sciences, are gradually passing from the apothecary vials, from the handmade bags of the tradipraticians to the laboratories to provide countless new medicines synthesis models. Today, chemical drugs have replaced most herbal drugs in pharmacies. Empirical knowledge has been neglected as chemistry progressed. Yet 80% of the world’s population is still being treated with plant-based medicines. Indeed, some parts of our earth still keep intact the medicinal knowledges, through tradition, culture and heritage preserved by the tradipraticians, who still practice all over the world. It is possible that in the face of the threat of epidemics, which are constantly putting us to the test, plant drugs are once again an important alternative to consider. Our article deals with 3 connected topics: an ethnobotanical survey (experimental result); the creation of a project model of ethnobotanical garden (experimental result); and a knowledge inventory on antiviral plants (bibliographical synthesis in the framework of scientific monitoring). There is a lot of knowledge that can be reinvested. Through some results of ethnobotanical surveys, an inventory of antiviral plants and the model of a project to set up ethnobotanical gardens in the city, re-appropriation of ethnobotanical knowledge will be shown to prove valuable for research and may be an alternative for the future for the preservation of the health of all. Key words: Medicinal plants, antivirals activities, metabolites, ethnobotanical garden project, traditions.
{"title":"Reflection on medicinal plants, especially antivirals and how to reconsider ethnobotany as an interesting way for health preservation","authors":"F. Babili, VM Lamade, Hugo Fabre, Daniel Charlot","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2020.5170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5170","url":null,"abstract":"The medicinal plants, which are at the origin of the medical sciences, are gradually passing from the apothecary vials, from the handmade bags of the tradipraticians to the laboratories to provide countless new medicines synthesis models. Today, chemical drugs have replaced most herbal drugs in pharmacies. Empirical knowledge has been neglected as chemistry progressed. Yet 80% of the world’s population is still being treated with plant-based medicines. Indeed, some parts of our earth still keep intact the medicinal knowledges, through tradition, culture and heritage preserved by the tradipraticians, who still practice all over the world. It is possible that in the face of the threat of epidemics, which are constantly putting us to the test, plant drugs are once again an important alternative to consider. Our article deals with 3 connected topics: an ethnobotanical survey (experimental result); the creation of a project model of ethnobotanical garden (experimental result); and a knowledge inventory on antiviral plants (bibliographical synthesis in the framework of scientific monitoring). There is a lot of knowledge that can be reinvested. Through some results of ethnobotanical surveys, an inventory of antiviral plants and the model of a project to set up ethnobotanical gardens in the city, re-appropriation of ethnobotanical knowledge will be shown to prove valuable for research and may be an alternative for the future for the preservation of the health of all. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Medicinal plants, antivirals activities, metabolites, ethnobotanical garden project, traditions.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49421854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jumpa-ngern Piracha, Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn, N. Kesara
Triphala formulation is one of the most common traditional medicines used for several health conditions. The study investigated the pharmacokinetics of gallic acid following an oral dose administration in rats. The pharmacokinetics of gallic acid was investigated in rats following a daily oral dose of 1,000 and 5,000 mg/kg body weight (28 days). Plasma concentrations of gallic acid were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis approach was applied for data analysis. The pharmacokinetics was linear without dose-dependent characteristics. Gallic acid was rapidly absorbed, reaching maximum concentration within 1 h and was also rapidly cleared from rat systemic circulation within 12 h of administration. The pharmacokinetics of gallic acid was linear with about 5-fold increase in Cmax and systemic exposure AUC0-∞ when the dose was increased from 1,000 to 5,000 mg/kg body weight. The pharmacokinetics of gallic acid following both regimens was similar. Terminal phase elimination halflife (t1/2z), apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F) and total clearance (CL/F) ranged from 0.7-1.7 h, 3271,159 L and 195-607 L/h/kg. The pharmacokinetics of gallic acid obtained from the present study in rats provides preliminary information for designing proper pharmacokinetic studies in humans for further dose optimization of appropriate dosage regimens of Triphala formulation for treatment of various diseases or health conditions.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of gallic acid following oral administration of Triphala formulation in rats","authors":"Jumpa-ngern Piracha, Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn, N. Kesara","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2021.5260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2021.5260","url":null,"abstract":"Triphala formulation is one of the most common traditional medicines used for several health conditions. The study investigated the pharmacokinetics of gallic acid following an oral dose administration in rats. The pharmacokinetics of gallic acid was investigated in rats following a daily oral dose of 1,000 and 5,000 mg/kg body weight (28 days). Plasma concentrations of gallic acid were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis approach was applied for data analysis. The pharmacokinetics was linear without dose-dependent characteristics. Gallic acid was rapidly absorbed, reaching maximum concentration within 1 h and was also rapidly cleared from rat systemic circulation within 12 h of administration. The pharmacokinetics of gallic acid was linear with about 5-fold increase in Cmax and systemic exposure AUC0-∞ when the dose was increased from 1,000 to 5,000 mg/kg body weight. The pharmacokinetics of gallic acid following both regimens was similar. Terminal phase elimination halflife (t1/2z), apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F) and total clearance (CL/F) ranged from 0.7-1.7 h, 3271,159 L and 195-607 L/h/kg. The pharmacokinetics of gallic acid obtained from the present study in rats provides preliminary information for designing proper pharmacokinetic studies in humans for further dose optimization of appropriate dosage regimens of Triphala formulation for treatment of various diseases or health conditions.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71126876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Martin, Demba Fatima, Mudenda Steward, Mufwambi Webrod, Zingani Ellah, W. C. Freeman, Gono Bwalya Angela, Mbambara Patricia, Saini Kennedy, Phiri Margaret, Mbulo Silwimba Ann, Lungwani Muungo Tyson, Kampamba Mutati Ronald, Nang’andu Hikaambo Christabel
Medication administration omission errors: Frequency and their causes during medication administration process at Ndola Teaching Hospital in Zambia Martin Kampamba1*, Fatima Demba1, Steward Mudenda1, Webrod Mufwambi1, Ellah Zingani1, Freeman W Chabala2, Angela Gono Bwalya1, Patricia Mbambara3, Kennedy Saini4, Margaret Phiri5, Ann Mbulo Silwimba3, Tyson Lungwani Muungo1, Ronald Kampamba Mutati1 and Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo1
Martin Kampamba1*， Fatima Demba1, Steward Mudenda1, Webrod Mufwambi1, Ellah Zingani1, Freeman W chabal2, Angela Gono Bwalya1, Patricia mbambar3, Kennedy Saini4, Margaret Phiri5, Ann Mbulo Silwimba3, Tyson Lungwani Muungo1, Ronald Kampamba Mutati1和Christabel Nang 'andu Hikaambo1
{"title":"Medication administration omission errors: Frequency and their causes during medication administration process at Ndola Teaching Hospital in Zambia","authors":"K. Martin, Demba Fatima, Mudenda Steward, Mufwambi Webrod, Zingani Ellah, W. C. Freeman, Gono Bwalya Angela, Mbambara Patricia, Saini Kennedy, Phiri Margaret, Mbulo Silwimba Ann, Lungwani Muungo Tyson, Kampamba Mutati Ronald, Nang’andu Hikaambo Christabel","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2021.5264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2021.5264","url":null,"abstract":"Medication administration omission errors: Frequency and their causes during medication administration process at Ndola Teaching Hospital in Zambia Martin Kampamba1*, Fatima Demba1, Steward Mudenda1, Webrod Mufwambi1, Ellah Zingani1, Freeman W Chabala2, Angela Gono Bwalya1, Patricia Mbambara3, Kennedy Saini4, Margaret Phiri5, Ann Mbulo Silwimba3, Tyson Lungwani Muungo1, Ronald Kampamba Mutati1 and Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo1","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71127026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：