Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is a degenerative illness that is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is seen as a precursor to AD. The changes in antisaccade performance that can be seen in MCI may provide important clues in the early detection of AD. Therefore, the antisaccade deficits in AD and aMCI remain a research question. This study aimed to examine antisaccade responses and the relationship between antisaccade and cognitive function in AD, aMCI, and healthy controls (HC). This study included 30 patients with early-stage AD, 34 with aMCI, and 32 HC. Patients with AD showed higher rates of uncorrected error, anticipatory saccades and corrected errors, as well as decreased correct saccade rates, and shortened saccade latency compared to aMCI and HC in this study. Patients with aMCI exhibited increased rates of express saccades relative to HC. The antisaccade task and cognitive domains were found to be significantly related. Our study showed that the rate of correct saccades has the capacity to distinguish AD from HC with 87% sensitivity and 86% specificity (AUC = 0.93, p < 0.001). In addition, the rate of uncorrected errors was found to be capable of distinguishing AD from HC with 84% sensitivity and 83% specificity (AUC = 0.91, p < 0.001). This study presented promising findings that these parameters can be used clinically to differentiate AD and aMCI from healthy older individuals.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)痴呆症是一种以认知能力逐渐下降为特征的退行性疾病。失忆性轻度认知障碍(aMCI)被视为阿尔茨海默病的前兆。在 MCI 中可以看到的反施法表现的变化可能为早期发现老年痴呆症提供重要线索。因此,AD 和 aMCI 中的反施法障碍仍是一个研究问题。本研究旨在探讨 AD、aMCI 和健康对照组(HC)的反施法反应以及反施法与认知功能之间的关系。这项研究包括 30 名早期注意力缺失症患者、34 名 aMCI 患者和 32 名健康对照者。在这项研究中,与 aMCI 和 HC 相比,AD 患者表现出更高的未纠正错误率、预期性囊回和纠正错误率,以及更低的囊回正确率和更短的囊回潜伏期。与 HC 相比,aMCI 患者表现出更高的明确囊回率。研究发现,反盲目任务与认知领域有显著相关性。我们的研究表明,正确的囊回率能够区分AD和HC,灵敏度为87%,特异度为86%(AUC = 0.93, p p
{"title":"Uncorrected errors and correct saccades in the antisaccade task distinguish between early-stage Alzheimer's disease dementia, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging.","authors":"Hatice Eraslan Boz, Koray Koçoğlu, Müge Akkoyun, Işıl Yağmur Tüfekci, Merve Ekin, Pınar Özçelik, Gülden Akdal","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2198191","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2198191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is a degenerative illness that is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is seen as a precursor to AD. The changes in antisaccade performance that can be seen in MCI may provide important clues in the early detection of AD. Therefore, the antisaccade deficits in AD and aMCI remain a research question. This study aimed to examine antisaccade responses and the relationship between antisaccade and cognitive function in AD, aMCI, and healthy controls (HC). This study included 30 patients with early-stage AD, 34 with aMCI, and 32 HC. Patients with AD showed higher rates of uncorrected error, anticipatory saccades and corrected errors, as well as decreased correct saccade rates, and shortened saccade latency compared to aMCI and HC in this study. Patients with aMCI exhibited increased rates of express saccades relative to HC. The antisaccade task and cognitive domains were found to be significantly related. Our study showed that the rate of correct saccades has the capacity to distinguish AD from HC with 87% sensitivity and 86% specificity (AUC = 0.93, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In addition, the rate of uncorrected errors was found to be capable of distinguishing AD from HC with 84% sensitivity and 83% specificity (AUC = 0.91, <i>p</i> < 0.001). This study presented promising findings that these parameters can be used clinically to differentiate AD and aMCI from healthy older individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"457-478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9228349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2210814
Sarah E MacPherson, Vairi A W Gilmour
Cognitive aging research has studied the influence of healthy aging on the ability to multitask. Yet, little is known about the factors that might improve or impair serial multitasking performance in older adults. Three experiments involving younger and older adults assessed the impact of interruptions and planning on a prop-based test of multitasking. In Experiment 1, 26 younger adults and 25 older adults' multitasking abilities were assessed; older adults performed significantly more poorly than younger adults. In Experiment 2, 19 younger and 22 older adults were randomly allocated to a group who experienced a one minute unexpected interruption while multitasking or a group with no interruption. The results showed that, when there was an interruption, the age difference disappeared. In Experiment 3, 32 younger and 30 older adults were randomly allocated to a group who were given 3 minutes to write an outline describing how they intended to approach the multitasking task, and another group who were given 3 minutes to label pictures of everyday objects prior to multitasking. Again, when participants were encouraged to plan, no age difference was found. These results highlight the advantage that interruptions and planning might have on serial everyday multitasking performance in older adults.
{"title":"The influence of interruptions and planning on serial everyday multitasking in older adults.","authors":"Sarah E MacPherson, Vairi A W Gilmour","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2210814","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2210814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive aging research has studied the influence of healthy aging on the ability to multitask. Yet, little is known about the factors that might improve or impair serial multitasking performance in older adults. Three experiments involving younger and older adults assessed the impact of interruptions and planning on a prop-based test of multitasking. In Experiment 1, 26 younger adults and 25 older adults' multitasking abilities were assessed; older adults performed significantly more poorly than younger adults. In Experiment 2, 19 younger and 22 older adults were randomly allocated to a group who experienced a one minute unexpected interruption while multitasking or a group with no interruption. The results showed that, when there was an interruption, the age difference disappeared. In Experiment 3, 32 younger and 30 older adults were randomly allocated to a group who were given 3 minutes to write an outline describing how they intended to approach the multitasking task, and another group who were given 3 minutes to label pictures of everyday objects prior to multitasking. Again, when participants were encouraged to plan, no age difference was found. These results highlight the advantage that interruptions and planning might have on serial everyday multitasking performance in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"496-523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9462879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2194607
Lucas J Hamilton, Anne C Krendl
Poor face-name recall has been associated with age-related impairments in cognitive functioning, namely declines in episodic memory and executive control. However, the role of social cognitive function - the ability to remember, process, and store information about others - has been largely overlooked in this work. Extensive work has shown that social and nonsocial cognitive processes rely on unique, albeit overlapping, mechanisms. In the current study, we explored whether social cognitive functioning - specifically the ability to infer other people's mental states (i.e., theory of mind) - facilitates better face-name learning. To do this, a sample of 289 older and young adults completed a face-name learning paradigm along with standard assessments of episodic memory and executive control alongside two theory of mind measures, one static and one dynamic. In addition to expected age differences, several key effects emerged. Age-related differences in recognition were explained by episodic memory, not social cognition. However, age effects in recall were explained by both episodic memory and social cognition, specifically affective theory of mind in the dynamic task. Altogether, we contend that face-name recall can be supported by social cognitive functioning, namely understanding emotions. While acknowledging the influence of task characteristics (i.e., lures, target ages), we interpret these findings in light of existing accounts of age differences in face-name associative memory.
{"title":"Evidence for the role of affective theory of mind in face-name associative memory.","authors":"Lucas J Hamilton, Anne C Krendl","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2194607","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2194607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor face-name recall has been associated with age-related impairments in cognitive functioning, namely declines in episodic memory and executive control. However, the role of social cognitive function - the ability to remember, process, and store information about others - has been largely overlooked in this work. Extensive work has shown that social and nonsocial cognitive processes rely on unique, albeit overlapping, mechanisms. In the current study, we explored whether social cognitive functioning - specifically the ability to infer other people's mental states (i.e., theory of mind) - facilitates better face-name learning. To do this, a sample of 289 older and young adults completed a face-name learning paradigm along with standard assessments of episodic memory and executive control alongside two theory of mind measures, one static and one dynamic. In addition to expected age differences, several key effects emerged. Age-related differences in recognition were explained by episodic memory, not social cognition. However, age effects in recall were explained by both episodic memory and social cognition, specifically affective theory of mind in the dynamic task. Altogether, we contend that face-name recall can be supported by social cognitive functioning, namely understanding emotions. While acknowledging the influence of task characteristics (i.e., lures, target ages), we interpret these findings in light of existing accounts of age differences in face-name associative memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"417-437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9868423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2214348
Marijn Kouwenhoven, Liana Machado
Debate persists regarding the nature of age-related deficits in inhibition, and whether inhibitory functioning depends on working memory systems. The current research aimed to measure age-related differences in inhibition and working memory, characterize the relationship between inhibitory functions and working memory performance, and determine how these relationships are affected by age. Toward these ends, we measured performance on a range of established paradigms in 60 young adults (18-30 years) and 60 older adults (60-88 years). Our findings support age-related increases in reflexive inhibition (based on the fixation offset effect and inhibition of return) and age-related decrements in volitional inhibition (based on several paradigms: antisaccade, Stroop, flanker, and Simon). This evidence of stronger reflexive inhibition combined with weaker volitional inhibition suggests that age-related deterioration of cortical structures may allow subcortical structures to operate less controlled. Regarding working memory, older adults had lower backward digit scores and lower forward and backward spatial scores. However, of the 32 analyses (16 in each age group) that tested for dependence of inhibitory functioning on working memory functioning, only one (in young adults) indicated that inhibition performance significantly depended on working memory performance. These results indicate that inhibition and working memory function largely independently in both age groups, and age-related working memory difficulties cannot account for age-related declines in inhibitory control.
{"title":"Age differences in inhibitory and working memory functioning: limited evidence of system interactions.","authors":"Marijn Kouwenhoven, Liana Machado","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2214348","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2214348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Debate persists regarding the nature of age-related deficits in inhibition, and whether inhibitory functioning depends on working memory systems. The current research aimed to measure age-related differences in inhibition and working memory, characterize the relationship between inhibitory functions and working memory performance, and determine how these relationships are affected by age. Toward these ends, we measured performance on a range of established paradigms in 60 young adults (18-30 years) and 60 older adults (60-88 years). Our findings support age-related increases in reflexive inhibition (based on the fixation offset effect and inhibition of return) and age-related decrements in volitional inhibition (based on several paradigms: antisaccade, Stroop, flanker, and Simon). This evidence of stronger reflexive inhibition combined with weaker volitional inhibition suggests that age-related deterioration of cortical structures may allow subcortical structures to operate less controlled. Regarding working memory, older adults had lower backward digit scores and lower forward and backward spatial scores. However, of the 32 analyses (16 in each age group) that tested for dependence of inhibitory functioning on working memory functioning, only one (in young adults) indicated that inhibition performance significantly depended on working memory performance. These results indicate that inhibition and working memory function largely independently in both age groups, and age-related working memory difficulties cannot account for age-related declines in inhibitory control.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"524-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2216927
Shachar Ben Izhak, Lukas Diedrich, Andrea Antal, Michal Lavidor
Aging is often accompanied by a decline in cognitive functions, with memory being particularly affected. Recent studies suggest that cognitive training sessions that teach memory strategies relevant to daily life may benefit seniors who live in the community. However, it is possible that the cognitive improvement observed in these programs results from the social encounters embedded in them. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a social cognitive training group, which met regularly for an extended period, on enhancing cognitive indices compared to a control group that only received social engagement meetings without training. Sixty-six participants with a mean age of 78 took part in 12 sessions of a social engagement group, with or without strategy training. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after training using four memory tasks, two similar to the trained tasks (near-transfer tasks) and two novel (far-transfer tasks). Both groups showed a slight improvement in most of the evaluation tasks, but the cognitive training combined with social engagement group showed a significant improvement in the Word Recall and Verbal Fluency tests compared to the social engagement group without training. Our findings suggest that cognitive training sessions may be a useful tool in promoting cognitive improvement among older adults living in the community, even beyond the improvement obtained from the social engagement that occurs during the training sessions.Trial registration number:NCT05016336. Date of registration: 20 August 2021. Retrospectively registered.
{"title":"Beyond social engagement: cognitive training leads to greater cognitive improvement in older adults.","authors":"Shachar Ben Izhak, Lukas Diedrich, Andrea Antal, Michal Lavidor","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2216927","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2216927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is often accompanied by a decline in cognitive functions, with memory being particularly affected. Recent studies suggest that cognitive training sessions that teach memory strategies relevant to daily life may benefit seniors who live in the community. However, it is possible that the cognitive improvement observed in these programs results from the social encounters embedded in them. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a social cognitive training group, which met regularly for an extended period, on enhancing cognitive indices compared to a control group that only received social engagement meetings without training. Sixty-six participants with a mean age of 78 took part in 12 sessions of a social engagement group, with or without strategy training. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after training using four memory tasks, two similar to the trained tasks (near-transfer tasks) and two novel (far-transfer tasks). Both groups showed a slight improvement in most of the evaluation tasks, but the cognitive training combined with social engagement group showed a significant improvement in the Word Recall and Verbal Fluency tests compared to the social engagement group without training. Our findings suggest that cognitive training sessions may be a useful tool in promoting cognitive improvement among older adults living in the community, even beyond the improvement obtained from the social engagement that occurs during the training sessions.Trial registration number:NCT05016336. Date of registration: 20 August 2021. Retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"556-574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9635061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2202377
Sophia H N Tran, Myra A Fernandes
We compared the effectiveness of different encoding techniques across the adult age range. Three hundred participants: 100 younger, 100 middle-aged, and 100 older adults, were asked to encode a set of visually presented concrete and abstract words. Participants were shown target words one at a time, along with prompts (randomly and intermixed, within-subject) to either silently read, read aloud, write, or draw a picture of the target, for a duration of 10-seconds each. On a later free recall test, participants were given 2-minutes to type all the words they could remember from the encoding phase. Across age groups, we showed that drawing, writing, and reading aloud as encoding techniques yielded better memory than silently reading words, with drawing leading to the largest boost. While memory performance did decrease as age increased, it interacted with the encoding technique. Of note, there were no differences in memory performance in middle-aged compared to young adults. Importantly, age differences in memory emerged only when drawing was used as the encoding strategy, in line with previously reported age-related deficits in generating imagery, or integrating it with motoric processes. Despite this, concrete relative to abstract words that were drawn or written during encoding were better retained, regardless of age, suggesting these techniques facilitate formation of age-invariant visuo-spatial representations. Our findings suggest that whether age differences in memory emerge depends on the strategy used at encoding, and the type of information being encoded.
{"title":"Age differences in effectiveness of encoding techniques on memory.","authors":"Sophia H N Tran, Myra A Fernandes","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2202377","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2202377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We compared the effectiveness of different encoding techniques across the adult age range. Three hundred participants: 100 younger, 100 middle-aged, and 100 older adults, were asked to encode a set of visually presented concrete and abstract words. Participants were shown target words one at a time, along with prompts (randomly and intermixed, within-subject) to either silently read, read aloud, write, or draw a picture of the target, for a duration of 10-seconds each. On a later free recall test, participants were given 2-minutes to type all the words they could remember from the encoding phase. Across age groups, we showed that drawing, writing, and reading aloud as encoding techniques yielded better memory than silently reading words, with drawing leading to the largest boost. While memory performance did decrease as age increased, it interacted with the encoding technique. Of note, there were no differences in memory performance in middle-aged compared to young adults. Importantly, age differences in memory emerged only when drawing was used as the encoding strategy, in line with previously reported age-related deficits in generating imagery, or integrating it with motoric processes. Despite this, concrete relative to abstract words that were drawn or written during encoding were better retained, regardless of age, suggesting these techniques facilitate formation of age-invariant visuo-spatial representations. Our findings suggest that whether age differences in memory emerge depends on the strategy used at encoding, and the type of information being encoded.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"479-495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9315734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-06-05DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2221020
Erin Burke, John Gunstad, Olesia Pavlenko, Phillip Hamrick
There is growing evidence that subtle changes in spontaneous speech may reflect early pathological changes in cognitive function. Recent work has found that lexical-semantic features of spontaneous speech predict cognitive dysfunction in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study assessed whether Ostrand and Gunstad's (OG) lexical-semantic features extend to predicting cognitive status in a sample of individuals with Alzheimer's clinical syndrome (ACS) and healthy controls. Four additional (New) speech indices shown to be important in language processing research were also explored in this sample to extend prior work. Speech transcripts of the Cookie Theft Task from 81 individuals with ACS (Mage = 72.7 years, SD = 8.80, 70.4% female) and 61 healthy controls (HC) (Mage = 63.9 years, SD = 8.52, 62.3% female) from Dementia Bank were analyzed. Random forest and logistic machine learning techniques examined whether subject-level lexical-semantic features could be used to accurately discriminate those with ACS from HC. Results showed that logistic models with the New lexical-semantic features obtained good classification accuracy (78.4%), but the OG features had wider success across machine learning model types. In terms of sensitivity and specificity, the random forest model trained on the OG features was the most balanced. Findings from the current study suggest that features of spontaneous speech used to predict MCI may also distinguish between individuals with ACS and healthy controls. Future work should evaluate these lexical-semantic features in pre-clinical persons to further explore their potential to assist with early detection through speech analysis.
{"title":"Distinguishable features of spontaneous speech in Alzheimer's clinical syndrome and healthy controls.","authors":"Erin Burke, John Gunstad, Olesia Pavlenko, Phillip Hamrick","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2221020","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2221020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing evidence that subtle changes in spontaneous speech may reflect early pathological changes in cognitive function. Recent work has found that lexical-semantic features of spontaneous speech predict cognitive dysfunction in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study assessed whether Ostrand and Gunstad's (OG) lexical-semantic features extend to predicting cognitive status in a sample of individuals with Alzheimer's clinical syndrome (ACS) and healthy controls. Four additional (New) speech indices shown to be important in language processing research were also explored in this sample to extend prior work. Speech transcripts of the Cookie Theft Task from 81 individuals with ACS (M<sub>age</sub> = 72.7 years, SD = 8.80, 70.4% female) and 61 healthy controls (HC) (M<sub>age</sub> = 63.9 years, SD = 8.52, 62.3% female) from Dementia Bank were analyzed. Random forest and logistic machine learning techniques examined whether subject-level lexical-semantic features could be used to accurately discriminate those with ACS from HC. Results showed that logistic models with the New lexical-semantic features obtained good classification accuracy (78.4%), but the OG features had wider success across machine learning model types. In terms of sensitivity and specificity, the random forest model trained on the OG features was the most balanced. Findings from the current study suggest that features of spontaneous speech used to predict MCI may also distinguish between individuals with ACS and healthy controls. Future work should evaluate these lexical-semantic features in pre-clinical persons to further explore their potential to assist with early detection through speech analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"575-586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9750962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2195615
Sydney Jacobs, Meltem Izzetoglu, Roee Holtzer
Music making is linked to improved cognition and related neuroanatomical changes in children and adults; however, this has been relatively under-studied in aging. The purpose of this study was to assess neural, cognitive, and physical correlates of music making in aging using a dual-task walking (DTW) paradigm. Study participants (N = 415) were healthy adults aged 65 years or older, including musicians (n = 70) who were identified by current weekly engagement in musical activity. A DTW paradigm consisting of single- and dual-task conditions, as well as portable neuroimaging (functional near-infrared spectroscopy), was administered. Outcome measures included neural activation in the prefrontal cortex assessed across task conditions by recording changes in oxygenated hemoglobin, cognitive performance, and gait velocity. Linear mixed effects models examined the impact of music making on outcome measures in addition to moderating their change between task conditions. Across participants (53.3% women; 76 ± 6.55 years), neural activation increased from single- to dual-task conditions (p < 0.001); however, musicians demonstrated attenuated activation between a single cognitive interference task and dual-task walking (p = 0.014). Musicians also displayed significantly smaller decline in behavioral performance (p < 0.001) from single- to dual-task conditions and faster gait overall (p = 0.014). Given evidence of lower prefrontal cortex activation in the context of similar or improved behavioral performance, results indicate the presence of enhanced neural efficiency in older adult musicians. Furthermore, improved dual-task performance in older adult musicians was observed. Results have important clinical implications for healthy aging, as executive functioning plays an essential role in maintaining functional ability in older adulthood.
音乐制作与儿童和成人认知能力的提高以及相关的神经解剖学变化有关;然而,这在衰老方面的研究相对较少。本研究的目的是使用双任务步行(DTW)范式评估衰老过程中音乐制作的神经、认知和身体相关性。研究参与者(N = 415)是65岁的健康成年人 岁或以上,包括音乐家(n = 70),他们是通过当前每周参与音乐活动来识别的。DTW范式包括单任务和双任务条件,以及便携式神经成像(功能性近红外光谱)。结果测量包括通过记录含氧血红蛋白、认知表现和步态速度的变化,在不同的任务条件下评估前额叶皮层的神经激活。线性混合效应模型考察了音乐制作对结果测量的影响,以及它们在任务条件之间的变化。所有参与者(53.3%为女性;76 ± 6.55 年),神经激活从单任务状态增加到双任务状态(p p = 0.014)。音乐家的行为表现下降幅度也明显较小(p p = 0.014)。有证据表明,在行为表现相似或改善的情况下,下前额叶皮层激活,结果表明,老年音乐家的神经效率提高。此外,观察到老年音乐家的双重任务表现有所改善。研究结果对健康衰老具有重要的临床意义,因为执行功能在老年人保持功能能力方面发挥着重要作用。
{"title":"The impact of music making on neural efficiency & dual-task walking performance in healthy older adults.","authors":"Sydney Jacobs, Meltem Izzetoglu, Roee Holtzer","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2195615","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2195615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Music making is linked to improved cognition and related neuroanatomical changes in children and adults; however, this has been relatively under-studied in aging. The purpose of this study was to assess neural, cognitive, and physical correlates of music making in aging using a dual-task walking (DTW) paradigm. Study participants (<i>N</i> = 415) were healthy adults aged 65 years or older, including musicians (<i>n</i> = 70) who were identified by current weekly engagement in musical activity. A DTW paradigm consisting of single- and dual-task conditions, as well as portable neuroimaging (functional near-infrared spectroscopy), was administered. Outcome measures included neural activation in the prefrontal cortex assessed across task conditions by recording changes in oxygenated hemoglobin, cognitive performance, and gait velocity. Linear mixed effects models examined the impact of music making on outcome measures in addition to moderating their change between task conditions. Across participants (53.3% women; 76 ± 6.55 years), neural activation increased from single- to dual-task conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.001); however, musicians demonstrated attenuated activation between a single cognitive interference task and dual-task walking (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Musicians also displayed significantly smaller decline in behavioral performance (<i>p</i> < 0.001) from single- to dual-task conditions and faster gait overall (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Given evidence of lower prefrontal cortex activation in the context of similar or improved behavioral performance, results indicate the presence of enhanced neural efficiency in older adult musicians. Furthermore, improved dual-task performance in older adult musicians was observed. Results have important clinical implications for healthy aging, as executive functioning plays an essential role in maintaining functional ability in older adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"438-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9220063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-21DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2344866
Luisanna Reinoso Medina, Christina A. Thrasher, Lauren L. Harburger
Several studies report spatial memory decline in old age. However, few studies have examined whether old adults are specifically impaired in allocentric memory tasks (testing for object-to-object s...
{"title":"Evidence for age-related decline in spatial memory in a novel allocentric memory task","authors":"Luisanna Reinoso Medina, Christina A. Thrasher, Lauren L. Harburger","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2344866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2024.2344866","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies report spatial memory decline in old age. However, few studies have examined whether old adults are specifically impaired in allocentric memory tasks (testing for object-to-object s...","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2342500
Mark Oremus, Suzanne L. Tyas, Leilei Zeng, Nancy Newall, Colleen J. Maxwell
We investigated the association between pre-COVID-19 memory function and (a) receipt of a COVID-19 test and (b) incidence of COVID-19 using the COVID-19 Questionnaire Study (CQS) of the Canadian Lo...
{"title":"The association between memory, COVID-19 testing, and COVID-19 incidence in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective analysis of the CLSA","authors":"Mark Oremus, Suzanne L. Tyas, Leilei Zeng, Nancy Newall, Colleen J. Maxwell","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2342500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2024.2342500","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the association between pre-COVID-19 memory function and (a) receipt of a COVID-19 test and (b) incidence of COVID-19 using the COVID-19 Questionnaire Study (CQS) of the Canadian Lo...","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140609666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}