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Critical periods for cognitive reserve building activities for late life global cognition and cognitive decline: the Sydney memory and aging cohort study. 认知储备建立活动对晚年全球认知和认知能力下降的关键时期:悉尼记忆和衰老队列研究。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2181941
Princess Neila Litkouhi, Katya Numbers, Michael Valenzuela, John D Crawford, Ben C P Lam, Princess Noosha Litkouhi, Perminder S Sachdev, Nicole A Kochan, Henry Brodaty

Cognitive, social, and physical activities, collectively linked to cognitive reserve, are associated with better late-life cognitive outcomes. To better understand the building of cognitive reserve, we investigated which of these activities, during which stages of life, had the strongest associations with late-life cognitive performance. From the Sydney Memory and Aging Study, 546 older Australians, who were community-dwelling and without a dementia diagnosis at recruitment (Mage 80.13 years, 52.2% female), were asked about their engagement in social, physical, and cognitive activities throughout young adulthood (YA), midlife (ML), and late-life (LL). Comprehensive neuropsychological testing administered biennially over 6 years measured baseline global cognition and cognitive decline. In our study, YA, but not ML nor LL, cognitive activity was significantly associated with late-life global cognition (β = 0.315, p < .001). A follow-up analysis pointed to the formal education component of the YA cognitive activity measure, rather than YA cognitive leisure activities, as a significant predictor of better late-life global cognition (β = 0.146, p = .003). YA social activity and LL cognitive activity were significantly associated with less cognitive decline (β = 0.023, p < .001, and β = 0.016, p = .022, respectively). Physical activity was not found to be associated with global cognition or cognitive decline. Overall, YA cognitive activity was associated with better late-life cognition, and YA social and LL cognitive activities were associated with less cognitive decline. Formal education emerges as the key contributor in the association between YA cognitive activity and late-life global cognition.

认知、社交和体育活动与认知储备共同相关,与更好的晚年认知结果相关。为了更好地理解认知储备的建立,我们调查了这些活动中的哪些活动,在生命的哪个阶段,与晚年的认知表现有最强的关联。来自悉尼记忆与衰老研究的546名澳大利亚老年人,他们居住在社区,在招募时没有被诊断为痴呆症(Mage 80.13 年龄,52.2%的女性),被问及他们在青年期(YA)、中年期(ML)和晚年(LL)参与社会、身体和认知活动的情况。6年内每两年进行一次的综合神经心理学测试,测量基线全球认知和认知能力下降。在我们的研究中,YA,而不是ML和LL,认知活动与晚年全球认知显著相关(β=0.315,p β=0.146,p = .003)。YA社交活动和LL认知活动与较少的认知能力下降显著相关(β=0.023,p β = 0.016,p = .022)。没有发现体育活动与整体认知能力或认知能力下降有关。总体而言,YA认知活动与更好的晚年认知有关,YA社交和LL认知活动与较少的认知下降有关。正规教育是YA认知活动和晚年全球认知之间联系的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
Detecting mild cognitive impairment remotely with the modified memory impairment screen by telephone. 通过电话使用改良记忆障碍筛查远程检测轻度认知障碍。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2189688
Amanda L Stein, Kathryn A Tolle, Amanda N Stover, Marcelle D Shidler, Robert Krikorian

The original Memory Impairment Screen by Telephone (MIST) was designed to identify individuals with dementia but was relatively ineffective for identification of less severe impairment observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We expanded the original MIST to create a modified instrument (mMIST) with greater sensitivity to less severe memory impairment. Older men and women with subjective cognitive decline were assessed by phone with the mMIST and subsequently classified independently with MCI or non-pathological cognitive decline. Participants with MCI produced lower scores on the mMIST than did participants without MCI, 10.8 ± 2.7 vs 13.3 ± 1.3, t = 5.68, p < 0.001, and performance on the mMIST predicted performances on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Verbal Paired Associate Learning Test (VPAL), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total score, and MoCA memory index score, p < 0.001. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses identified the optimal cut score on the mMIST to distinguish participants with and without MCI with Sensitivity = 73.1%, Specificity = 79.1%, and AUC = 0.79. Predictive values for distinguishing the amnestic form of MCI (aMCI) from non-amnestic MCI were Sensitivity = 81.8%, Specificity = 30%, and AUC = 0.82. These findings indicate that the mMIST is a valid screening instrument for identifying MCI. It can be administered remotely at low cost and low participant burden. Also, the mMIST has potential utility for remote cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluation in research and clinical contexts. Further investigation is indicated to corroborate its utility for assessment of aging patients and research participants.

最初的电话记忆障碍筛查(MIST)是为识别痴呆症患者而设计的,但对于识别轻度认知障碍(MCI)中出现的不太严重的记忆障碍效果相对较差。我们对原有的 MIST 进行了扩充,开发出一种对较轻度记忆损伤更敏感的改良工具(mMIST)。我们通过电话使用 mMIST 对主观认知能力下降的老年男性和女性进行了评估,随后将他们独立归类为 MCI 或非病理性认知能力下降。患有 MCI 的受试者在 mMIST 中的得分低于未患有 MCI 的受试者,分别为 10.8 ± 2.7 vs 13.3 ± 1.3,t = 5.68,p p
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引用次数: 0
Uncorrected errors and correct saccades in the antisaccade task distinguish between early-stage Alzheimer's disease dementia, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging. 在反误差任务中,未纠正的错误和正确的囊视可区分早期阿尔茨海默氏症痴呆、失忆性轻度认知障碍和正常衰老。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2198191
Hatice Eraslan Boz, Koray Koçoğlu, Müge Akkoyun, Işıl Yağmur Tüfekci, Merve Ekin, Pınar Özçelik, Gülden Akdal

Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is a degenerative illness that is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is seen as a precursor to AD. The changes in antisaccade performance that can be seen in MCI may provide important clues in the early detection of AD. Therefore, the antisaccade deficits in AD and aMCI remain a research question. This study aimed to examine antisaccade responses and the relationship between antisaccade and cognitive function in AD, aMCI, and healthy controls (HC). This study included 30 patients with early-stage AD, 34 with aMCI, and 32 HC. Patients with AD showed higher rates of uncorrected error, anticipatory saccades and corrected errors, as well as decreased correct saccade rates, and shortened saccade latency compared to aMCI and HC in this study. Patients with aMCI exhibited increased rates of express saccades relative to HC. The antisaccade task and cognitive domains were found to be significantly related. Our study showed that the rate of correct saccades has the capacity to distinguish AD from HC with 87% sensitivity and 86% specificity (AUC = 0.93, p < 0.001). In addition, the rate of uncorrected errors was found to be capable of distinguishing AD from HC with 84% sensitivity and 83% specificity (AUC = 0.91, p < 0.001). This study presented promising findings that these parameters can be used clinically to differentiate AD and aMCI from healthy older individuals.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)痴呆症是一种以认知能力逐渐下降为特征的退行性疾病。失忆性轻度认知障碍(aMCI)被视为阿尔茨海默病的前兆。在 MCI 中可以看到的反施法表现的变化可能为早期发现老年痴呆症提供重要线索。因此,AD 和 aMCI 中的反施法障碍仍是一个研究问题。本研究旨在探讨 AD、aMCI 和健康对照组(HC)的反施法反应以及反施法与认知功能之间的关系。这项研究包括 30 名早期注意力缺失症患者、34 名 aMCI 患者和 32 名健康对照者。在这项研究中,与 aMCI 和 HC 相比,AD 患者表现出更高的未纠正错误率、预期性囊回和纠正错误率,以及更低的囊回正确率和更短的囊回潜伏期。与 HC 相比,aMCI 患者表现出更高的明确囊回率。研究发现,反盲目任务与认知领域有显著相关性。我们的研究表明,正确的囊回率能够区分AD和HC,灵敏度为87%,特异度为86%(AUC = 0.93, p p
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引用次数: 0
The influence of interruptions and planning on serial everyday multitasking in older adults. 中断和计划对老年人连续日常多任务处理的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2210814
Sarah E MacPherson, Vairi A W Gilmour

Cognitive aging research has studied the influence of healthy aging on the ability to multitask. Yet, little is known about the factors that might improve or impair serial multitasking performance in older adults. Three experiments involving younger and older adults assessed the impact of interruptions and planning on a prop-based test of multitasking. In Experiment 1, 26 younger adults and 25 older adults' multitasking abilities were assessed; older adults performed significantly more poorly than younger adults. In Experiment 2, 19 younger and 22 older adults were randomly allocated to a group who experienced a one minute unexpected interruption while multitasking or a group with no interruption. The results showed that, when there was an interruption, the age difference disappeared. In Experiment 3, 32 younger and 30 older adults were randomly allocated to a group who were given 3 minutes to write an outline describing how they intended to approach the multitasking task, and another group who were given 3 minutes to label pictures of everyday objects prior to multitasking. Again, when participants were encouraged to plan, no age difference was found. These results highlight the advantage that interruptions and planning might have on serial everyday multitasking performance in older adults.

认知老化研究已经对健康老化对多任务处理能力的影响进行了研究。然而,人们对可能提高或损害老年人连续多任务处理能力的因素知之甚少。由年轻人和老年人参与的三项实验评估了中断和计划对基于道具的多任务测试的影响。在实验 1 中,对 26 名年轻人和 25 名老年人的多任务处理能力进行了评估;老年人的多任务处理能力明显比年轻人差。在实验 2 中,19 名年轻人和 22 名老年人被随机分配到在进行多任务处理时遇到一分钟意外中断的一组和没有中断的一组。结果显示,当出现中断时,年龄差异消失了。在实验 3 中,32 名年轻人和 30 名老年人被随机分配到一组,让他们在 3 分钟内写出一份提纲,说明他们打算如何处理多任务,另一组则让他们在多任务处理前用 3 分钟标出日常物品的图片。同样,当鼓励参与者制定计划时,没有发现年龄差异。这些结果凸显了中断和计划可能对老年人日常连续多任务处理表现的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence for the role of affective theory of mind in face-name associative memory. 情感心理理论在面孔联想记忆中作用的证据。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2194607
Lucas J Hamilton, Anne C Krendl

Poor face-name recall has been associated with age-related impairments in cognitive functioning, namely declines in episodic memory and executive control. However, the role of social cognitive function - the ability to remember, process, and store information about others - has been largely overlooked in this work. Extensive work has shown that social and nonsocial cognitive processes rely on unique, albeit overlapping, mechanisms. In the current study, we explored whether social cognitive functioning - specifically the ability to infer other people's mental states (i.e., theory of mind) - facilitates better face-name learning. To do this, a sample of 289 older and young adults completed a face-name learning paradigm along with standard assessments of episodic memory and executive control alongside two theory of mind measures, one static and one dynamic. In addition to expected age differences, several key effects emerged. Age-related differences in recognition were explained by episodic memory, not social cognition. However, age effects in recall were explained by both episodic memory and social cognition, specifically affective theory of mind in the dynamic task. Altogether, we contend that face-name recall can be supported by social cognitive functioning, namely understanding emotions. While acknowledging the influence of task characteristics (i.e., lures, target ages), we interpret these findings in light of existing accounts of age differences in face-name associative memory.

面部名称记忆不良与年龄相关的认知功能损伤有关,即情景记忆和执行控制能力下降。然而,在这项工作中,社会认知功能的作用——记忆、处理和存储他人信息的能力——在很大程度上被忽视了。大量研究表明,社会和非社会认知过程依赖于独特的、尽管重叠的机制。在目前的研究中,我们探讨了社会认知功能——特别是推断他人心理状态的能力(即心理理论)——是否有助于更好地学习人脸名称。为了做到这一点,289名老年人和年轻人的样本完成了一个名字学习范式,以及对情景记忆和执行控制的标准评估,以及两种心理测量理论,一种是静态的,另一种是动态的。除了预期的年龄差异外,还出现了几个关键影响。与年龄相关的认知差异是由情景记忆而非社会认知来解释的。然而,回忆中的年龄效应可以用情景记忆和社会认知来解释,特别是动态任务中的心理情感理论。总之,我们认为,人名回忆可以得到社会认知功能的支持,即理解情绪。在承认任务特征(即诱惑、目标年龄)的影响的同时,我们根据现有的人脸名称联想记忆中年龄差异的解释来解释这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Age differences in inhibitory and working memory functioning: limited evidence of system interactions. 抑制性记忆和工作记忆功能的年龄差异:系统相互作用的有限证据。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2214348
Marijn Kouwenhoven, Liana Machado

Debate persists regarding the nature of age-related deficits in inhibition, and whether inhibitory functioning depends on working memory systems. The current research aimed to measure age-related differences in inhibition and working memory, characterize the relationship between inhibitory functions and working memory performance, and determine how these relationships are affected by age. Toward these ends, we measured performance on a range of established paradigms in 60 young adults (18-30 years) and 60 older adults (60-88 years). Our findings support age-related increases in reflexive inhibition (based on the fixation offset effect and inhibition of return) and age-related decrements in volitional inhibition (based on several paradigms: antisaccade, Stroop, flanker, and Simon). This evidence of stronger reflexive inhibition combined with weaker volitional inhibition suggests that age-related deterioration of cortical structures may allow subcortical structures to operate less controlled. Regarding working memory, older adults had lower backward digit scores and lower forward and backward spatial scores. However, of the 32 analyses (16 in each age group) that tested for dependence of inhibitory functioning on working memory functioning, only one (in young adults) indicated that inhibition performance significantly depended on working memory performance. These results indicate that inhibition and working memory function largely independently in both age groups, and age-related working memory difficulties cannot account for age-related declines in inhibitory control.

关于与年龄相关的抑制缺陷的性质,以及抑制功能是否取决于工作记忆系统,争论仍在继续。目前的研究旨在测量抑制和工作记忆与年龄相关的差异,表征抑制功能和工作记忆表现之间的关系,并确定这些关系如何受到年龄的影响。为此,我们测量了60名年轻人(18-30岁)在一系列既定模式下的表现 岁)和60名老年人(60-88岁 年)。我们的研究结果支持与年龄相关的反射性抑制增加(基于固定抵消效应和对回归的抑制)和与年龄有关的意志抑制减少(基于几种范式:反疫苗、Stroop、flanker和Simon)。更强的反射性抑制与较弱的意志抑制相结合的证据表明,与年龄相关的皮层结构退化可能会使皮层下结构的运作受到较少的控制。在工作记忆方面,老年人的后向数字得分较低,前后向空间得分较低。然而,在测试抑制功能对工作记忆功能依赖性的32项分析中(每个年龄组16项),只有一项(在年轻人中)表明抑制性能显著依赖于工作记忆性能。这些结果表明,抑制和工作记忆在两个年龄组中基本上独立发挥作用,与年龄相关的工作记忆困难不能解释抑制控制与年龄相关下降的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond social engagement: cognitive training leads to greater cognitive improvement in older adults. 超越社会参与:认知训练使老年人的认知能力得到更大提高。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2216927
Shachar Ben Izhak, Lukas Diedrich, Andrea Antal, Michal Lavidor

Aging is often accompanied by a decline in cognitive functions, with memory being particularly affected. Recent studies suggest that cognitive training sessions that teach memory strategies relevant to daily life may benefit seniors who live in the community. However, it is possible that the cognitive improvement observed in these programs results from the social encounters embedded in them. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a social cognitive training group, which met regularly for an extended period, on enhancing cognitive indices compared to a control group that only received social engagement meetings without training. Sixty-six participants with a mean age of 78 took part in 12 sessions of a social engagement group, with or without strategy training. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after training using four memory tasks, two similar to the trained tasks (near-transfer tasks) and two novel (far-transfer tasks). Both groups showed a slight improvement in most of the evaluation tasks, but the cognitive training combined with social engagement group showed a significant improvement in the Word Recall and Verbal Fluency tests compared to the social engagement group without training. Our findings suggest that cognitive training sessions may be a useful tool in promoting cognitive improvement among older adults living in the community, even beyond the improvement obtained from the social engagement that occurs during the training sessions.Trial registration number:NCT05016336. Date of registration: 20 August 2021. Retrospectively registered.

衰老往往伴随着认知功能的衰退,记忆力尤其受到影响。最近的研究表明,教授与日常生活相关的记忆策略的认知训练课程可能会使生活在社区中的老年人受益。然而,在这些课程中观察到的认知能力改善有可能是由于课程中包含的社交活动。在这项研究中,我们的目的是调查与只参加社交聚会而不参加培训的对照组相比,长期定期聚会的社交认知培训小组对提高认知指数的影响。66名平均年龄为78岁的参与者参加了12次社会参与小组活动,无论是否接受策略培训。在培训前后,我们使用四项记忆任务对参与者的认知表现进行了评估,其中两项任务与培训任务相似(近迁移任务),另外两项任务为新颖任务(远迁移任务)。在大多数评估任务中,两组的成绩都略有提高,但在单词回忆和言语流畅性测试中,认知训练与社会参与相结合组的成绩比未接受训练的社会参与组有显著提高。我们的研究结果表明,认知训练课程可能是促进生活在社区中的老年人提高认知能力的有效工具,甚至超过了训练课程中社会参与所带来的改善。注册日期:2021 年 8 月 20 日。追溯注册。
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引用次数: 0
Age differences in effectiveness of encoding techniques on memory. 编码技术对记忆效果的年龄差异。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2202377
Sophia H N Tran, Myra A Fernandes

We compared the effectiveness of different encoding techniques across the adult age range. Three hundred participants: 100 younger, 100 middle-aged, and 100 older adults, were asked to encode a set of visually presented concrete and abstract words. Participants were shown target words one at a time, along with prompts (randomly and intermixed, within-subject) to either silently read, read aloud, write, or draw a picture of the target, for a duration of 10-seconds each. On a later free recall test, participants were given 2-minutes to type all the words they could remember from the encoding phase. Across age groups, we showed that drawing, writing, and reading aloud as encoding techniques yielded better memory than silently reading words, with drawing leading to the largest boost. While memory performance did decrease as age increased, it interacted with the encoding technique. Of note, there were no differences in memory performance in middle-aged compared to young adults. Importantly, age differences in memory emerged only when drawing was used as the encoding strategy, in line with previously reported age-related deficits in generating imagery, or integrating it with motoric processes. Despite this, concrete relative to abstract words that were drawn or written during encoding were better retained, regardless of age, suggesting these techniques facilitate formation of age-invariant visuo-spatial representations. Our findings suggest that whether age differences in memory emerge depends on the strategy used at encoding, and the type of information being encoded.

我们比较了不同编码技术在成人年龄段的有效性。三百名参与者分别是 100 名年轻人、100 名中年人和 100 名老年人:我们要求 100 名年轻人、100 名中年人和 100 名老年人对一组直观呈现的具体和抽象词语进行编码。受试者每次只能看到一个目标词,同时受试者还需要默读、朗读、书写或绘制目标词的图片(受试者之间随机混合),每次持续时间为 10 秒钟。在随后的自由回忆测试中,被试需要在 2 分钟内输入他们在编码阶段所能记住的所有单词。我们的研究表明,在不同年龄组中,以绘画、书写和朗读作为编码技巧比默读单词的记忆效果更好,其中以绘画的记忆效果最好。虽然随着年龄的增长,记忆效果会有所下降,但这与编码技术是相互影响的。值得注意的是,中年人和年轻人的记忆表现没有差异。重要的是,只有在使用绘画作为编码策略时,记忆力才会出现年龄差异,这与之前报道的在产生意象或将意象与运动过程相结合方面与年龄有关的缺陷是一致的。尽管如此,与抽象词相比,在编码过程中绘制或书写的具体词的记忆效果更好,与年龄无关,这表明这些技术有助于形成与年龄无关的视觉空间表征。我们的研究结果表明,记忆是否出现年龄差异取决于编码时使用的策略和编码信息的类型。
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引用次数: 0
Distinguishable features of spontaneous speech in Alzheimer's clinical syndrome and healthy controls. 阿尔茨海默氏症临床综合征和健康对照者自发言语的区别特征。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2221020
Erin Burke, John Gunstad, Olesia Pavlenko, Phillip Hamrick

There is growing evidence that subtle changes in spontaneous speech may reflect early pathological changes in cognitive function. Recent work has found that lexical-semantic features of spontaneous speech predict cognitive dysfunction in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study assessed whether Ostrand and Gunstad's (OG) lexical-semantic features extend to predicting cognitive status in a sample of individuals with Alzheimer's clinical syndrome (ACS) and healthy controls. Four additional (New) speech indices shown to be important in language processing research were also explored in this sample to extend prior work. Speech transcripts of the Cookie Theft Task from 81 individuals with ACS (Mage = 72.7 years, SD = 8.80, 70.4% female) and 61 healthy controls (HC) (Mage = 63.9 years, SD = 8.52, 62.3% female) from Dementia Bank were analyzed. Random forest and logistic machine learning techniques examined whether subject-level lexical-semantic features could be used to accurately discriminate those with ACS from HC. Results showed that logistic models with the New lexical-semantic features obtained good classification accuracy (78.4%), but the OG features had wider success across machine learning model types. In terms of sensitivity and specificity, the random forest model trained on the OG features was the most balanced. Findings from the current study suggest that features of spontaneous speech used to predict MCI may also distinguish between individuals with ACS and healthy controls. Future work should evaluate these lexical-semantic features in pre-clinical persons to further explore their potential to assist with early detection through speech analysis.

越来越多的证据表明,自发语言的细微变化可能反映了认知功能的早期病理变化。最近的研究发现,自发言语的词汇语义特征可以预测轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者的认知功能障碍。目前的研究评估了Ostrand和Gunstad (OG)的词汇语义特征是否扩展到预测阿尔茨海默氏临床综合征(ACS)患者和健康对照者的认知状态。在这个样本中,我们还探索了四个在语言处理研究中很重要的(新)语音指标,以扩展先前的工作。对来自痴呆银行的81名ACS患者(Mage = 72.7岁,SD = 8.80,女性70.4%)和61名健康对照(HC) (Mage = 63.9岁,SD = 8.52,女性62.3%)的Cookie盗窃任务语音记录进行分析。随机森林和逻辑机器学习技术检查了主题水平的词汇语义特征是否可以用来准确区分ACS和HC。结果表明,具有New词汇语义特征的逻辑模型获得了良好的分类准确率(78.4%),但OG特征在机器学习模型类型中取得了更大的成功。在灵敏度和特异性方面,OG特征训练的随机森林模型是最平衡的。目前的研究结果表明,用于预测MCI的自发语言特征也可以区分ACS患者和健康对照者。未来的工作应该在临床前的人身上评估这些词汇-语义特征,以进一步探索它们通过语音分析帮助早期发现的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of music making on neural efficiency & dual-task walking performance in healthy older adults. 音乐制作对健康老年人神经效率和双任务行走表现的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2195615
Sydney Jacobs, Meltem Izzetoglu, Roee Holtzer

Music making is linked to improved cognition and related neuroanatomical changes in children and adults; however, this has been relatively under-studied in aging. The purpose of this study was to assess neural, cognitive, and physical correlates of music making in aging using a dual-task walking (DTW) paradigm. Study participants (N = 415) were healthy adults aged 65 years or older, including musicians (n = 70) who were identified by current weekly engagement in musical activity. A DTW paradigm consisting of single- and dual-task conditions, as well as portable neuroimaging (functional near-infrared spectroscopy), was administered. Outcome measures included neural activation in the prefrontal cortex assessed across task conditions by recording changes in oxygenated hemoglobin, cognitive performance, and gait velocity. Linear mixed effects models examined the impact of music making on outcome measures in addition to moderating their change between task conditions. Across participants (53.3% women; 76 ± 6.55 years), neural activation increased from single- to dual-task conditions (p < 0.001); however, musicians demonstrated attenuated activation between a single cognitive interference task and dual-task walking (p = 0.014). Musicians also displayed significantly smaller decline in behavioral performance (p < 0.001) from single- to dual-task conditions and faster gait overall (p = 0.014). Given evidence of lower prefrontal cortex activation in the context of similar or improved behavioral performance, results indicate the presence of enhanced neural efficiency in older adult musicians. Furthermore, improved dual-task performance in older adult musicians was observed. Results have important clinical implications for healthy aging, as executive functioning plays an essential role in maintaining functional ability in older adulthood.

音乐制作与儿童和成人认知能力的提高以及相关的神经解剖学变化有关;然而,这在衰老方面的研究相对较少。本研究的目的是使用双任务步行(DTW)范式评估衰老过程中音乐制作的神经、认知和身体相关性。研究参与者(N = 415)是65岁的健康成年人 岁或以上,包括音乐家(n = 70),他们是通过当前每周参与音乐活动来识别的。DTW范式包括单任务和双任务条件,以及便携式神经成像(功能性近红外光谱)。结果测量包括通过记录含氧血红蛋白、认知表现和步态速度的变化,在不同的任务条件下评估前额叶皮层的神经激活。线性混合效应模型考察了音乐制作对结果测量的影响,以及它们在任务条件之间的变化。所有参与者(53.3%为女性;76 ± 6.55 年),神经激活从单任务状态增加到双任务状态(p p = 0.014)。音乐家的行为表现下降幅度也明显较小(p p = 0.014)。有证据表明,在行为表现相似或改善的情况下,下前额叶皮层激活,结果表明,老年音乐家的神经效率提高。此外,观察到老年音乐家的双重任务表现有所改善。研究结果对健康衰老具有重要的临床意义,因为执行功能在老年人保持功能能力方面发挥着重要作用。
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Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition
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