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Association between formal social participation and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study using SHARE data 中老年人正式社会参与与认知功能之间的关系:利用 SHARE 数据开展的纵向研究
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2315769
Cláudia Cunha, Paula Rodrigues, Gina Voss, Roberto Martinez-Pecino, Alice Delerue-Matos
Formal social participation significantly impacts health and well-being, potentially mitigating cognitive decline, although not consistently across all studies. Existing research often focuses sole...
正式的社会参与会对健康和幸福产生重大影响,有可能减轻认知能力的衰退,尽管并非所有研究都是如此。现有的研究通常只关注...
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引用次数: 0
The effects of age on objective and subjective recollection after visiting a virtual apartment. 年龄对参观虚拟公寓后客观和主观回忆的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-20 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2168607
Maud Billet, Arnaud D'Argembeau, Thierry Meulemans, Sylvie Willems

While aging has been associated with decreased retrieval of episodic memory details, subjective ratings about memory quality seem to remain stable. This suggests that subjective memory judgments are based on different information according to age. Here, we tested the hypothesis that older people would rather base their subjective judgments on the retrieval of personal elements (such as emotions and thoughts), whereas younger people would rather base their judgments on the retrieval of event-related elements (such as time, place, and perceptual details). Sixty participants (20 to 79 years old) performed eight actions in a virtual apartment and were then asked to verbally recall each action with a maximum of associated elements and to rate the subjective quality of their memories. The elements reported were classified into "person-related" and "event-related" categories. Executive functions, memory performance on traditional memory tasks, and subjects' perception of memory functioning were also evaluated. Results revealed that aging was associated with reduced retrieval of event-related elements, which was explained by decreasing executive resources. However, age did not affect the retrieval of person-related elements, and the subjective memory judgments of older people were not based on these elements to a greater extent than those of younger people. Finally, our results highlight the value of virtual reality (VR) in memory evaluations since subjects' perception of memory functioning was associated with their performance in the VR task but not in traditional memory tasks.

虽然衰老与外显记忆细节检索的减少有关,但对记忆质量的主观评价似乎保持稳定。这表明,记忆的主观判断是基于不同年龄的不同信息。在这里,我们测试了这样一个假设:老年人更愿意根据个人元素(如情感和想法)的检索来做出主观判断,而年轻人则更愿意根据事件相关元素(如时间、地点和感知细节)的检索来做出判断。60 名参与者(20 至 79 岁)在虚拟公寓中做了 8 个动作,然后被要求口头回忆每个动作及最多的相关元素,并对其记忆的主观质量进行评分。所报告的要素分为 "与人相关 "和 "与事件相关 "两类。此外,还对受试者的执行功能、在传统记忆任务中的记忆表现以及对记忆功能的感知进行了评估。结果显示,衰老与事件相关元素的检索减少有关,这可以用执行资源的减少来解释。然而,年龄并不影响与人相关的元素的检索,而且老年人的主观记忆判断并不比年轻人更基于这些元素。最后,我们的研究结果凸显了虚拟现实(VR)在记忆评估中的价值,因为受试者对记忆功能的感知与他们在 VR 任务中的表现有关,而与传统记忆任务中的表现无关。
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引用次数: 0
The contribution of discursive and cognitive factors in referential choices made by elderly people during a narrative task. 老年人在叙事任务中做出指代选择时的话语和认知因素的作用。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2150141
Mélanie Sandoz, Katia Iglesias, Amélie M Achim, Marion Fossard

The present study focuses on referential choices made by healthy aged adults during narrative discourse, and their relationship with cognitive and socio-cognitive abilities. Previously, some studies have shown that, compared to young adults, older adults produce more pronouns when referring to various entities during discourse, regardless of the accessibility level of the referent for the addressee. This referential behavior has been interpreted in relation to the decrease of cognitive abilities, such as working memory abilities. There is, as of yet, little empirical evidence highlighting which cognitive competences preferentially support referential choices during discourse production. Here, we focus on three categories of referential markers (indefinite, definite markers and pronouns) produced by 78 participants from 60 to 91 years old. We used a storytelling task enabling us to examine the referential choices made at three discourse stages (introduction, maintaining or shift of the referent in focus) and in increasing levels of referential complexity (one vs two characters, and different vs same gender). In addition to specifically assessing how increasing age influences referential choices, we also examine the contribution of various cognitive and socio-cognitive skills that are presumed to play a specific role in referential choices. We found that both age and specific cognitive abilities (planification, inhibition, and verbal episodic memory) had an effect on referential choices, but that these effects depended on when (at which discourse stage) the referential markers were produced. Overall, our study highlights the complex interplay between discursive and cognitive factors in referential choices made by healthy older speakers.

本研究的重点是健康的老年人在叙述性话语中的指代选择及其与认知能力和社会认知能力的关系。以前的一些研究表明,与年轻人相比,老年人在话语过程中指称各种实体时会产生更多的代词,而不管被指称者对指称对象的可及性程度如何。这种指代行为被解释为与认知能力(如工作记忆能力)的下降有关。到目前为止,还没有什么实证证据能说明在话语生成过程中,哪些认知能力优先支持指代选择。在此,我们重点研究了 78 名 60 至 91 岁的参与者所使用的三类指代标记(不定代标记、定代标记和代词)。我们使用了一个讲故事的任务,通过这个任务,我们可以考察在三个话语阶段(引入、保持或转移焦点指代)以及在指代复杂度不断增加的情况下(一个角色与两个角色、不同性别与相同性别)所做的指代选择。除了具体评估年龄增长如何影响指代选择外,我们还研究了各种认知和社会认知技能的作用,这些技能被认为在指代选择中发挥了特定作用。我们发现,年龄和特定的认知能力(计划性、抑制性和言语外显记忆)都会对指称选择产生影响,但这些影响取决于指称标记产生的时间(在哪个话语阶段)。总之,我们的研究强调了话语因素和认知因素在健康老年说话者的指称选择中的复杂相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Older adults can use memory for distinctive objects, but not distinctive scenes, to rescue associative memory deficits. 老年人可以利用对独特物体的记忆,但不能利用对独特场景的记忆来挽救联想记忆的缺陷。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2170966
Nichole R Bouffard, Celia Fidalgo, Iva K Brunec, Andy C H Lee, Morgan D Barense

Associative memory deficits in aging are frequently characterized by false recognition of novel stimulus associations, particularly when stimuli are similar. Introducing distinctive stimuli, therefore, can help guide item differentiation in memory and can further our understanding of how age-related brain changes impact behavior. How older adults use different types of distinctive information to distinguish overlapping events in memory and to avoid false associative recognition is still unknown. To test this, we manipulated the distinctiveness of items from two stimulus categories, scenes and objects, across three conditions: (1) distinct scenes paired with similar objects, (2) similar scenes paired with distinct objects, and (3) similar scenes paired with similar objects. Young and older adults studied scene-object pairs and then made both remember/know judgments toward single items as well as associative memory judgments to old and novel scene-object pairs ("Were these paired together?"). Older adults showed intact single item recognition of scenes and objects, regardless of whether those objects and scenes were similar or distinct. In contrast, relative to younger adults, older adults showed elevated false recognition for scene-object pairs, even when the scenes were distinct. These age-related associative memory deficits, however, disappeared if the pair contained an object that was visually distinct. In line with neural evidence that hippocampal functioning and scene processing decline with age, these results suggest that older adults can rely on memory for distinct objects, but not for distinct scenes, to distinguish between memories with overlapping features.

衰老过程中的联想记忆障碍经常表现为对新刺激联想的错误识别,尤其是当刺激物相似时。因此,引入与众不同的刺激有助于引导记忆中的项目区分,并能让我们进一步了解与年龄相关的大脑变化是如何影响行为的。老年人如何利用不同类型的独特信息来区分记忆中的重叠事件并避免错误的联想识别仍是一个未知数。为了测试这一点,我们在三种条件下对场景和物体这两种刺激类别中的项目的独特性进行了操作:(1)独特的场景与相似的物体配对;(2)相似的场景与独特的物体配对;以及(3)相似的场景与相似的物体配对。年轻和年长的成年人研究场景-物体配对,然后对单个项目进行记忆/知道判断,并对新旧场景-物体配对进行联想记忆判断("这些是否配对在一起?)老年人对场景和物体的单项识别表现完好,无论这些物体和场景是相似还是不同。相反,与年轻人相比,老年人对场景-物体配对的错误识别率较高,即使场景是不同的。然而,如果场景-物体对中包含一个视觉上不同的物体,这些与年龄相关的联想记忆缺陷就会消失。有神经学证据表明,海马功能和场景处理能力会随着年龄的增长而下降,与此相一致,这些结果表明,老年人可以依靠对不同物体的记忆,而不是对不同场景的记忆,来区分具有重叠特征的记忆。
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引用次数: 0
Knowing more than we know: metacognition, semantic fluency, and originality in younger and older adults. 知道的比我们知道的多:年轻人和老年人的元认知、语义流畅性和独创性。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2149691
Dillon H Murphy, Alan D Castel

We examined age-related similarities and differences in people's metacognitive awareness of retrieval from semantic long-term memory as well as the originality of their responses. Participants completed several semantic fluency tasks, and before recalling items, made metacognitive predictions of their performance. Additionally, after retrieval, participants made metacognitive evaluations of the originality of their responses. Results revealed that both younger (Mage = 24.49) and older adults (Mage = 68.31) were underconfident in their performance, despite some metacognitive awareness of their ability to retrieve information from semantic memory. Younger and older adults became more metacognitively aware of their abilities with task experience, but there were no significant differences in participants' metacognitive predictions and postdictions, although older adults believed that they were less original than younger adults. These findings revealed a "skilled and unaware" effect whereby participants were underconfident on the first trial and became less underconfident on later trials. These patterns may fit with a broader literature that has found a lack of adult age differences in metacognition for verbal skills but shows that older adults may believe that their access to original verbal knowledge may decline in older age.

我们研究了人们在从语义长期记忆中检索时的元认知意识及其反应的独创性方面与年龄有关的异同。参与者完成了几项语义流畅性任务,并在回忆项目之前对自己的表现进行了元认知预测。此外,在检索之后,参与者还对其回答的原创性进行了元认知评估。结果显示,年轻成人(Mage = 24.49)和老年人(Mage = 68.31)对自己的表现都不太自信,尽管他们对自己从语义记忆中检索信息的能力有一定的元认知意识。随着任务经验的增加,年轻人和老年人对自己的能力有了更多的元认知意识,但参与者的元认知预测和后验并无显著差异,尽管老年人认为自己的原创能力不如年轻人。这些发现揭示了一种 "熟练而不自知 "效应,即受试者在第一次试验中自信心不足,而在以后的试验中自信心不足的程度降低。这些模式可能与更广泛的文献相吻合,这些文献发现成年人在言语技能的元认知方面缺乏年龄差异,但表明老年人可能认为,随着年龄的增长,他们对原始言语知识的获取能力可能会下降。
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引用次数: 0
Impaired executive functioning mediates the association between aging and deterministic sequence learning. 执行功能受损是衰老与确定性序列学习之间联系的中介。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2153789
Jessica R Petok, Layla Dang, Beatrice Hammel

Sensitivity to the fixed ordering of actions and events, or deterministic sequence learning, is an important skill throughout adulthood. Yet, it remains unclear whether age deficits in sequencing exist, and we lack a firm understanding of which factors might contribute to age-related impairments when they arise. Though debated, executive functioning, governed by the frontal lobe, may underlie age-related sequence learning deficits in older adults. The present study asked if age predicts errors in deterministic sequence learning across the older adult lifespan (ages 55-89), and whether executive functioning accounts for any age-related declines. Healthy older adults completed a comprehensive measure of frontal-based executive abilities as well as a deterministic sequence learning task that required the step-by-step acquisition of associations through trial-and-error feedback. Among those who met a performance-based criterion, increasing age was positively correlated with higher sequencing errors; however, this relationship was no longer significant after controlling for executive functioning. Moreover, frontal-based executive abilities mediated the relationship between age and sequence learning performance. These findings suggest that executive or frontal functioning may underlie age deficits in learning judgment-based, deterministic serial operations.

对行动和事件固定顺序的敏感性,或者说确定性顺序学习,是整个成年期的一项重要技能。然而,目前还不清楚是否存在序列学习的年龄缺陷,我们也不清楚哪些因素可能会导致与年龄有关的障碍。尽管存在争议,但由额叶支配的执行功能可能是老年人与年龄相关的序列学习障碍的基础。本研究探讨了年龄是否能预测老年人(55-89 岁)在确定性序列学习中的错误,以及执行功能是否会导致任何与年龄相关的下降。健康的老年人完成了一项以额叶为基础的执行能力综合测量,以及一项确定性序列学习任务,该任务要求通过试错反馈逐步获得联想。在达到成绩标准的人中,年龄的增加与排序错误的增加呈正相关;但在控制了执行功能后,这种关系不再显著。此外,以额叶为基础的执行能力对年龄和序列学习成绩之间的关系起到了中介作用。这些研究结果表明,在学习以判断为基础的确定性序列操作时,执行功能或额叶功能可能是年龄缺陷的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Does the association between objective and subjective memory vary by age among healthy older adults? 在健康的老年人中,客观记忆和主观记忆之间的联系是否会因年龄而异?
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2143471
Sara A Freed, Briana N Sprague, Lesley A Ross

Subjective memory is commonly used as an indicator of older adults' objective memory in clinical screening; however, the correspondence between subjective and objective memory across different ages is unclear. The current study examined age-varying associations between subjective and objective memory in a cross-sectional sample of healthy older adults from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study (N = 2,496). Time varying effects modeling (TVEM) models the association between variables as a function of time-varying metrics including age without imposing linear assumptions. TVEM was used to examine relationship magnitude fluctuations between subjective and objective memory across ages 65 to 85. Better subjective memory was weakly associated with better objective memory, even after controlling for gender, depressive symptoms, and education. The association was stable across all ages. There is a stable weak correspondence between subjective and objective memory in older adulthood across age, supporting the use of linear age as an appropriate time metric for examinations of objective and subjective memory among healthy older adults. Future work should examine the correspondence between subjective and objective memory in a larger age range. Longitudinal designs can also provide insights on whether the accuracy of subjective memory ratings change within a person over time.

在临床筛查中,主观记忆通常被用作老年人客观记忆的指标;然而,不同年龄段的主观记忆和客观记忆之间的对应关系尚不清楚。本研究从独立和活力老年人高级认知训练(ACTIVE)研究(N = 2,496)中的健康老年人横断面样本中考察了主观记忆和客观记忆之间随年龄变化的关联。时变效应建模(TVEM)将变量之间的关联作为包括年龄在内的时变指标的函数进行建模,而不强加线性假设。TVEM 用于研究 65 至 85 岁主观记忆和客观记忆之间的关系幅度波动。即使控制了性别、抑郁症状和教育程度,较好的主观记忆力与较好的客观记忆力之间的关系也很微弱。这种关联在所有年龄段都很稳定。在不同年龄段的老年人中,主观记忆和客观记忆之间存在稳定的微弱对应关系,这支持使用线性年龄作为检查健康老年人客观记忆和主观记忆的适当时间指标。未来的工作应该在更大的年龄范围内研究主观记忆和客观记忆之间的对应关系。纵向设计还可以让我们了解一个人的主观记忆评分的准确性是否会随着时间的推移而发生变化。
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引用次数: 0
High-frequency assessment of mood, personality, and cognition in healthy younger, healthy older and adults with cognitive impairment 健康年轻人、健康老年人和有认知障碍的成年人的情绪、人格和认知的高频评估
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2284412
Andrew J. Aschenbrenner, Joshua J. Jackson
Increased variability in cognitive scores, mood or personality traits can be indicative of underlying neurological disorders. Whether variability in cognition is due to changes in mood or personali...
认知评分、情绪或人格特征的变异性增加可能表明潜在的神经系统疾病。无论认知的可变性是由于情绪或性格的变化……
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引用次数: 0
A graph theoretic approach to neurodegeneration: five data-driven neuropsychological subtypes in mild cognitive impairment. 神经退行性变的图论方法:轻度认知障碍的五种数据驱动的神经心理学亚型。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2163973
Jessica Pommy, L Conant, A M Butts, A Nencka, Y Wang, M Franczak, L Glass-Umfleet

Mild cognitive Impairment (MCI) is notoriously heterogenous in terms of clinical presentation, neuroimaging correlates, and subsequent progression. Predicting who will progress to dementia, which type of dementia, and over what timeframe is challenging. Previous work has attempted to identify MCI subtypes using neuropsychological measures in an effort to address this challenge; however, there is no consensus on approach, which may account for some of the variability. Using a hierarchical community detection approach, we examined cognitive subtypes within an MCI sample (from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [ADNI] study). We then examined whether these subtypes were related to biomarkers (e.g., cortical volumes, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) hypometabolism) or clinical progression. We identified five communities (i.e., cognitive subtypes) within the MCI sample: 1) predominantly memory impairment, 2) predominantly language impairment, 3) cognitively normal, 4) multidomain, with notable executive dysfunction, 5) multidomain, with notable processing speed impairment. Community membership was significantly associated with 1) cortical volume in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and fusiform cortex; 2) FDG PET hypometabolism in the posterior cingulate, angular gyrus, and inferior/middle temporal gyrus; and 3) conversion to dementia at follow up. Overall, community detection as an approach appears a viable method for identifying unique cognitive subtypes in a neurodegenerative sample that were linked to several meaningful biomarkers and modestly with progression at one year follow up.

众所周知,轻度认知障碍(MCI)在临床表现、神经影像学相关和随后的进展方面具有异质性。预测谁会发展为痴呆症,哪种类型的痴呆症,以及在什么时间范围内是具有挑战性的。先前的工作试图使用神经心理学测量来识别MCI亚型,以应对这一挑战;然而,在方法上没有达成共识,这可能解释了一些可变性。使用分层社区检测方法,我们检查了MCI样本中的认知亚型(来自阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议[ADNI]研究)。然后,我们检查了这些亚型是否与生物标志物(例如,皮质体积、氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)-正电子发射断层扫描(PET)低代谢)或临床进展有关。我们在MCI样本中确定了五个社区(即认知亚型):1)主要是记忆障碍,2)主要是语言障碍,3)认知正常,4)多域,显着执行功能障碍,5)多域,显着处理速度障碍。社团成员与海马、内嗅皮层和梭状皮层的皮质体积显著相关;2)扣带后回、角回和颞下/中回FDG - PET代谢低下;3)随访时转化为痴呆。总的来说,社区检测作为一种方法似乎是一种可行的方法,用于识别神经退行性样本中独特的认知亚型,这些亚型与几种有意义的生物标志物相关,并且在一年的随访中进展缓慢。
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引用次数: 0
Is there an emotionality effect in older adults' source memory? 老年人的源记忆是否存在情绪效应?
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2078778
Nikoletta Symeonidou, Abdolaziz Hassan, Isabel Porstein, Beatrice G Kuhlmann

The goal of our research was to investigate whether older adults show a source memory enhancement for emotionally valenced sources. Additionally, building on research on the socioemotional selectivity theory and the age-related positivity effect, we tested whether older adults show a larger enhancement for positive compared to negative (and neutral) sources than younger adults. In Experiment 1 (nold = 25, nyoung = 27), we used one positive, one negative, and one neutral picture to manipulate source valence (many-to-one mapping of items to sources), whereas, in Experiment 2 (nold = 62, nyoung = 62), we used multiple pictures per source valence category (one-to-one mapping of items to sources) to counteract potential habituation effects. In both experiments, sources had medium and matching arousal levels. Items were neutral words superimposed on the source pictures. To support an implicit, natural information processing, participants rated the words in terms of pleasantness. We analyzed memory data with a multinomial processing tree model to disentangle memory processes from guessing bias. Across both experiments, an age-related positivity effect occurred in participants' pleasantness ratings. This effect, however, did not carry over to older adults' source memory. That is, in source memory, we found a general emotionality effect for younger but not for older adults and no age-related positivity effect. We propose that due to older adults' pronounced difficulties in remembering the item-to-source link (i.e., associative deficit), even a greater focus on an inherently emotional source might be insufficient to boost source memory.

我们研究的目的是调查老年人是否表现出对情感价值来源的记忆增强。此外,基于对社会情绪选择性理论和年龄相关的积极效应的研究,我们测试了老年人是否比年轻人对消极(和中性)来源表现出更大的增强。在实验1 (nold = 25, nyoung = 27)中,我们使用一张正、一张负和一张中性图片来操纵源价(物品到源的多对一映射),而在实验2 (nold = 62, nyoung = 62)中,我们使用每个源价类别的多张图片(物品到源的一对一映射)来抵消潜在的习惯效应。在这两个实验中,源都有中等和匹配的唤醒水平。项目是叠加在源图片上的中性词。为了支持一种隐含的、自然的信息处理,参与者根据愉快程度对单词进行了评级。我们用一种多项式处理树模型来分析记忆数据,以消除记忆过程中的猜测偏差。在这两个实验中,参与者的愉悦度评分中都出现了与年龄相关的积极效应。然而,这种影响并没有延续到老年人的源记忆中。也就是说,在源记忆中,我们发现年轻人有普遍的情绪效应,但老年人没有,也没有与年龄相关的积极效应。我们认为,由于老年人在记忆物品到来源的联系方面存在明显的困难(即联想缺陷),即使对内在情感来源的更多关注也可能不足以提高来源记忆。
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引用次数: 1
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