首页 > 最新文献

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition最新文献

英文 中文
Strategic learning of people's names as a function of expected utility in young and older adults. 作为预期效用函数的年轻人和老年人对人名的策略性学习。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2335603
Christel Devue, Marie Badolle, Serge Brédart

People's names are challenging to learn at all ages. Because people somewhat know this, they might spontaneously use cost-efficient encoding strategies and devote more resources to learn names that are most likely to be useful. To test this hypothesis, we created a pseudo-incidental learning situation in which young and older participants were exposed to 12 characters from a TV show and reviewed face-name-instrument triplets. Characters' probability of appearance was specified via importance labels (main or secondary characters, bit parts). A surprised cued recall test showed that young adults performed better than older ones, and that semantic information was better recalled than names. Consistent with cost-efficient encoding strategies, participants in both groups recalled names and semantic information about most important characters better. Interestingly, there were large individual differences: people who reported using cost-efficient strategies performed better. At the individual level, memory advantages for most important characters' names and semantic information correlated.

在所有年龄段,学习人名都具有挑战性。因为人们多少都知道这一点,所以他们可能会自发地使用具有成本效益的编码策略,将更多的资源用于学习最有可能有用的名字。为了验证这一假设,我们创造了一个伪偶然学习情境,让年轻和年长的参与者接触电视节目中的 12 个角色,并复习脸-名-乐器三连音。角色出现的概率是通过重要性标签(主要角色或次要角色、配角)来指定的。一项令人惊讶的诱导回忆测试表明,年轻人比老年人表现得更好,而且语义信息比名字更容易被回忆出来。与成本效益编码策略一致的是,两组参与者都能更好地回忆出最重要字符的名称和语义信息。有趣的是,个体差异很大:使用成本效益策略的人表现得更好。在个体层面上,对最重要人物的姓名和语义信息的记忆优势是相互关联的。
{"title":"Strategic learning of people's names as a function of expected utility in young and older adults.","authors":"Christel Devue, Marie Badolle, Serge Brédart","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2335603","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2335603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People's names are challenging to learn at all ages. Because people somewhat know this, they might spontaneously use cost-efficient encoding strategies and devote more resources to learn names that are most likely to be useful. To test this hypothesis, we created a pseudo-incidental learning situation in which young and older participants were exposed to 12 characters from a TV show and reviewed face-name-instrument triplets. Characters' probability of appearance was specified via importance labels (main or secondary characters, bit parts). A surprised cued recall test showed that young adults performed better than older ones, and that semantic information was better recalled than names. Consistent with cost-efficient encoding strategies, participants in both groups recalled names and semantic information about most important characters better. Interestingly, there were large individual differences: people who reported using cost-efficient strategies performed better. At the individual level, memory advantages for most important characters' names and semantic information correlated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1196-1212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rumination in dementia and its relationship with depression, anxiety, and attentional biases. 痴呆症患者的反刍及其与抑郁、焦虑和注意偏差的关系。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2327679
Anne-Marie Greenaway, Faustina Hwang, Slawomir Nasuto, Aileen K Ho

Rumination (self-referential and repetitive thinking), attentional biases (AB), and impaired cognitive control are theorized as being integral factors in depression and anxiety. Yet, research examining the relationship between rumination, mood, and AB for populations with reduced cognitive control, e.g., people living with dementia (PwD), is lacking. To explore whether literature-based relationships are demonstrated in dementia, PwD (n = 64) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 75) completed an online self-report survey measuring rumination and mood (twice), and a telephone cognitive status interview (once). Rumination was measured as an emotion-regulation style, thinking style, and response to depression. We examined the test-retest reliability of PwD's (n = 50) ruminative-scale responses, ruminative-scale internal consistency, and correlations between rumination, age, cognitive ability, and mood scores. Also, nine participants (PwD = 6, HC = 3) completed an AB measure via eye-tracking. Participants fixated on a cross, naturally viewed pairs of facial images conveying sad, angry, happy, and neutral emotions, and then fixated on a dot. Exploratory analyses of emotional-face dwell-times versus rumination and mood scores were conducted. Except for the HC group's reflective response to depression measure, rumination measures were reliable, and correlation strengths between rumination and mood scores (.29 to .79) were in line with literature for both groups. For the AB measure subgroup, ruminative thinking style scores and angry-face metrics were negatively correlated. The results of this study show that literature-based relationships between rumination, depression, and anxiety are demonstrated in dementia, but the relationship between rumination and AB requires further investigation.

反刍(自我反省和重复思考)、注意偏差(AB)和认知控制能力受损被认为是抑郁和焦虑的重要因素。然而,对于认知控制能力下降的人群,如痴呆症患者(PwD),还缺乏反刍、情绪和注意力偏差之间关系的研究。为了探索痴呆症患者是否会出现基于文献的关系,痴呆症患者(64 人)和健康对照组(75 人)完成了在线自我报告调查(两次)和电话认知状况访谈(一次),以测量反刍和情绪。反刍是作为一种情绪调节方式、思维方式和对抑郁的反应来测量的。我们研究了残疾人(n = 50)反刍量表反应的重测可靠性、反刍量表内部一致性以及反刍、年龄、认知能力和情绪评分之间的相关性。此外,9 名参与者(PwD = 6,HC = 3)通过眼动跟踪完成了 AB 测量。参与者将视线定格在一个十字架上,自然观看一对表达悲伤、愤怒、快乐和中性情绪的面部图像,然后将视线定格在一个点上。我们对情绪面孔停留时间与反刍和情绪评分进行了探索性分析。除了 HC 组对抑郁的反思性反应测量外,其他反刍测量都是可靠的,两组反刍和情绪得分之间的相关强度(0.29 至 0.79)与文献一致。对于 AB 测量子组,反刍思维风格得分与愤怒脸指标呈负相关。本研究的结果表明,在痴呆症患者中,反刍、抑郁和焦虑之间的关系是有文献依据的,但反刍与 AB 之间的关系还需要进一步研究。
{"title":"Rumination in dementia and its relationship with depression, anxiety, and attentional biases.","authors":"Anne-Marie Greenaway, Faustina Hwang, Slawomir Nasuto, Aileen K Ho","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2327679","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2327679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rumination (self-referential and repetitive thinking), attentional biases (AB), and impaired cognitive control are theorized as being integral factors in depression and anxiety. Yet, research examining the relationship between rumination, mood, and AB for populations with reduced cognitive control, e.g., people living with dementia (PwD), is lacking. To explore whether literature-based relationships are demonstrated in dementia, PwD (<i>n</i> = 64) and healthy controls (HC) (<i>n</i> = 75) completed an online self-report survey measuring rumination and mood (twice), and a telephone cognitive status interview (once). Rumination was measured as an emotion-regulation style, thinking style, and response to depression. We examined the test-retest reliability of PwD's (<i>n</i> = 50) ruminative-scale responses, ruminative-scale internal consistency, and correlations between rumination, age, cognitive ability, and mood scores. Also, nine participants (PwD = 6, HC = 3) completed an AB measure via eye-tracking. Participants fixated on a cross, naturally viewed pairs of facial images conveying sad, angry, happy, and neutral emotions, and then fixated on a dot. Exploratory analyses of emotional-face dwell-times versus rumination and mood scores were conducted. Except for the HC group's reflective response to depression measure, rumination measures were reliable, and correlation strengths between rumination and mood scores (.29 to .79) were in line with literature for both groups. For the AB measure subgroup, ruminative thinking style scores and angry-face metrics were negatively correlated. The results of this study show that literature-based relationships between rumination, depression, and anxiety are demonstrated in dementia, but the relationship between rumination and AB requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1149-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Naturalistic assessments in virtual reality and in real life help resolve the age-prospective memory paradox. 虚拟现实和现实生活中的自然评估有助于解决年龄前瞻性记忆悖论。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2315791
Nathan S Rose, Joseph M Saito

Cognitive aging researchers have long reported "paradoxical" age differences in prospective memory (PM), with age deficits in laboratory settings and age benefits (or no deficits) in real-world settings. We propose a theoretical account that explains this "age-PM-paradox" as a consequence of both methodological factors and developmental changes in cognitive abilities and personality traits. To test this account, young  and older  adults   performed a series of naturalistic PM tasks in the lab and real world. Age-related PM deficits were observed in both lab-based tasks where demands were implemented using virtual reality and in-person role-playing. In contrast, older adults performed equal to or better than young adults on both real-world tasks, where demands were implemented in participants' daily lives. Consistent with our proposed account, an index of these "paradoxical" effects was partially predicted by age-related differences in working memory, vigilance, agreeableness, and neuroticism, whose predictive utility varied across task settings.

长期以来,认知老化研究人员一直在报告前瞻性记忆(PM)的 "悖论性 "年龄差异,即在实验室环境中存在年龄缺陷,而在真实世界环境中存在年龄优势(或无缺陷)。我们提出了一种理论解释,将这种 "年龄-前瞻性记忆悖论 "解释为方法因素以及认知能力和人格特质发展变化的结果。为了验证这一观点,年轻和年长的成年人在实验室和现实世界中完成了一系列自然的自闭症任务。在使用虚拟现实技术和亲自扮演角色的实验室任务中,都观察到了与年龄相关的自闭症缺陷。与此相反,老年人在现实世界的两项任务中的表现与年轻人相当或更好,因为这些任务的要求是在参与者的日常生活中实现的。与我们提出的观点一致的是,这些 "矛盾 "效应的部分指数可以通过与年龄相关的工作记忆、警觉性、宜人性和神经质的差异来预测,而这些差异的预测效用在不同的任务设置中有所不同。
{"title":"Naturalistic assessments in virtual reality and in real life help resolve the age-prospective memory paradox.","authors":"Nathan S Rose, Joseph M Saito","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2315791","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2315791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive aging researchers have long reported \"paradoxical\" age differences in prospective memory (PM), with age deficits in laboratory settings and age benefits (or no deficits) in real-world settings. We propose a theoretical account that explains this \"age-PM-paradox\" as a consequence of both methodological factors and developmental changes in cognitive abilities and personality traits. To test this account, young  and older  adults   performed a series of naturalistic PM tasks in the lab and real world. Age-related PM deficits were observed in both lab-based tasks where demands were implemented using virtual reality and in-person role-playing. In contrast, older adults performed equal to or better than young adults on both real-world tasks, where demands were implemented in participants' daily lives. Consistent with our proposed account, an index of these \"paradoxical\" effects was partially predicted by age-related differences in working memory, vigilance, agreeableness, and neuroticism, whose predictive utility varied across task settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1020-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive components of aging-related increase in word-finding difficulty. 与衰老相关的单词查找难度增加的认知因素。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2315774
Hsi T Wei, Dana Kulzhabayeva, Lella Erceg, Jessica Robin, You Zhi Hu, Mark Chignell, Jed A Meltzer

Word-finding difficulty (WFD) is a common cognitive complaint in aging, manifesting both in natural speech and in controlled laboratory tests. Various theories of cognitive aging have addressed WFD, and understanding its underlying mechanisms can help to clarify whether it has diagnostic value for neurodegenerative disease. Two influential "information-universal" theories attribute it to rather broad changes in cognition. The processing speed theory posits a general slowdown of all cognitive processes, while the inhibitory deficit hypothesis (IDH) predicts a specific problem in suppressing irrelevant information. One "information specific" theory of language production, the transmission deficit hypothesis (TDH), posits a breakdown in retrieval of phonological word forms from a corresponding lemma. To adjudicate between these accounts, we administered an online gamified covert naming task featuring picture-word interference (PWI), previously validated to elicit similar semantic interference and phonological facilitation effects as overt naming tasks. 125 healthy adults aged 18 to 85 completed the task, along with a battery of executive function tasks and a naturalistic speech sample to quantify WFD in connected speech. PWI effects provided strong support for the TDH but limited support for IDH, in that semantic interference increased and phonological facilitation decreased across the lifespan. However, neither of these effects on single-word retrieval associated with WFD measured in connected speech. Rather, overall reaction time for word retrieval (controlling for psychomotor slowing) was the best predictor of spontaneous WFD and executive function decline, suggesting processing speed as the key factor, and that verbal reaction time may be an important clinical measure.

找词困难(WFD)是衰老过程中常见的认知症状,在自然言语和受控实验室测试中均有表现。各种认知衰老理论都对寻词困难进行了探讨,了解其潜在机制有助于明确它是否对神经退行性疾病具有诊断价值。两种有影响力的 "信息通用 "理论将其归因于认知的广泛变化。处理速度理论认为所有认知过程都会普遍减慢,而抑制性缺陷假说(IDH)则预测了抑制无关信息的具体问题。语言生成的一种 "特定信息 "理论,即传输缺陷假说(TDH),认为从相应的词形中检索语音词形的过程会出现障碍。为了对这些说法进行评判,我们进行了一项在线游戏化隐蔽命名任务,该任务以图片-词语干扰(PWI)为特点,之前已被证实能引起与公开命名任务类似的语义干扰和语音促进效应。125 名 18 至 85 岁的健康成年人完成了这项任务,同时还完成了一系列执行功能任务和自然语音样本,以量化连贯语音中的 WFD。PWI效应为TDH提供了强有力的支持,但对IDH的支持有限,因为在整个生命周期中,语义干扰增加,语音促进减少。然而,这些对单词检索的影响都与连贯言语中测量的 WFD 无关。相反,单词检索的总体反应时间(控制精神运动迟缓)是自发WFD和执行功能下降的最佳预测指标,这表明处理速度是关键因素,言语反应时间可能是重要的临床测量指标。
{"title":"Cognitive components of aging-related increase in word-finding difficulty.","authors":"Hsi T Wei, Dana Kulzhabayeva, Lella Erceg, Jessica Robin, You Zhi Hu, Mark Chignell, Jed A Meltzer","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2315774","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2315774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Word-finding difficulty (WFD) is a common cognitive complaint in aging, manifesting both in natural speech and in controlled laboratory tests. Various theories of cognitive aging have addressed WFD, and understanding its underlying mechanisms can help to clarify whether it has diagnostic value for neurodegenerative disease. Two influential \"information-universal\" theories attribute it to rather broad changes in cognition. The processing speed theory posits a general slowdown of all cognitive processes, while the inhibitory deficit hypothesis (IDH) predicts a specific problem in suppressing irrelevant information. One \"information specific\" theory of language production, the transmission deficit hypothesis (TDH), posits a breakdown in retrieval of phonological word forms from a corresponding lemma. To adjudicate between these accounts, we administered an online gamified covert naming task featuring picture-word interference (PWI), previously validated to elicit similar semantic interference and phonological facilitation effects as overt naming tasks. 125 healthy adults aged 18 to 85 completed the task, along with a battery of executive function tasks and a naturalistic speech sample to quantify WFD in connected speech. PWI effects provided strong support for the TDH but limited support for IDH, in that semantic interference increased and phonological facilitation decreased across the lifespan. However, neither of these effects on single-word retrieval associated with WFD measured in connected speech. Rather, overall reaction time for word retrieval (controlling for psychomotor slowing) was the best predictor of spontaneous WFD and executive function decline, suggesting processing speed as the key factor, and that verbal reaction time may be an important clinical measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"987-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accelerated long-term forgetting: from subjective memory decline to a defined clinical entity. 加速性长期遗忘:从主观记忆衰退到明确的临床实体。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2317924
Massimiliano Ruggeri, Monica Ricci, Carmela Gerace, Carlo Blundo

Subjective memory decline (SMD) might represent the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and has been reported in epileptic amnesia associated with accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF). We investigated ALF in SMD subjects by means of RAVLT recall and recognition and ROCF recall after 1-week retention and compared with a control group. Two-way ANOVAs for RAVLT and ROCF were conducted, and stepwise regression analysis was administered considering EMQ and DASS-21 as factors. SMD subjects performed significantly worse than controls at 1-week delay on RAVLT recall and recognition, but not on ROCF, and not associated with depression or memory complaints. SMD patients showed ALF, which is usually associated with temporomesial dysfunctions, representing a cognitive marker to assess objectively memory problems in SMD, and to undisclose initial neurodegenerative disease involving temporal structures usually compromised in AD. Therefore, SMD might no longer be "subjective," but rather a specific and defined clinical entity.

主观记忆衰退(SMD)可能代表阿尔茨海默病(AD)的临床前期,有报道称癫痫性遗忘症与加速长期遗忘(ALF)有关。我们通过 RAVLT 回忆和识别以及保留 1 周后的 ROCF 回忆来研究 SMD 受试者的 ALF,并与对照组进行比较。我们对 RAVLT 和 ROCF 进行了双向方差分析,并将 EMQ 和 DASS-21 作为因素进行了逐步回归分析。延迟一周后,SMD受试者在RAVLT的回忆和识别能力上的表现明显差于对照组,但在ROCF上的表现却不明显,而且与抑郁或记忆抱怨无关。SMD患者表现出ALF,这通常与颞叶功能障碍有关,是客观评估SMD患者记忆问题的认知标志物,并能揭示通常在AD中受损的涉及颞叶结构的初始神经退行性疾病。因此,SMD 可能不再是 "主观的",而是一个特定和明确的临床实体。
{"title":"Accelerated long-term forgetting: from subjective memory decline to a defined clinical entity.","authors":"Massimiliano Ruggeri, Monica Ricci, Carmela Gerace, Carlo Blundo","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2317924","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2317924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective memory decline (SMD) might represent the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and has been reported in epileptic amnesia associated with accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF). We investigated ALF in SMD subjects by means of RAVLT recall and recognition and ROCF recall after 1-week retention and compared with a control group. Two-way ANOVAs for RAVLT and ROCF were conducted, and stepwise regression analysis was administered considering EMQ and DASS-21 as factors. SMD subjects performed significantly worse than controls at 1-week delay on RAVLT recall and recognition, but not on ROCF, and not associated with depression or memory complaints. SMD patients showed ALF, which is usually associated with temporomesial dysfunctions, representing a cognitive marker to assess objectively memory problems in SMD, and to undisclose initial neurodegenerative disease involving temporal structures usually compromised in AD. Therefore, SMD might no longer be \"subjective,\" but rather a specific and defined clinical entity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1058-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of extended practice and unitization on relational memory in older adults and neuropsychological lesion cases. 扩展练习和单元化对老年人和神经心理病变病例的关系记忆的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2319892
Supreet Aashat, Maria C D'Angelo, R Shayna Rosenbaum, Jennifer D Ryan

Unitization - the fusion of objects into a single unit through an action/consequence sequence - can mitigate relational memory impairments, but the circumstances under which unitization is effective are unclear. Using transverse patterning (TP), we compared unitization (and its component processes of fusion, motion, and action/consequence) with extended practice on relational learning and transfer in older adults and neuropsychological cases with lesions (to varying extents) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or hippocampus/medial temporal lobe (HC/MTL). The latter included a person with bilateral HC lesions primarily within the dentate gyrus. For older adults, TP accuracy increased, and transfer benefits were observed, with extended practice and unitization. Broadly, the lesion cases did not benefit from either extended practice or unitization, suggesting the mPFC and dentate gyrus play important roles in relational memory and in unitization. The results suggest that personalized strategy interventions must align with the cognitive and neural profiles of the user.

单元化--通过动作/结果序列将对象融合为一个单元--可以减轻关系记忆障碍,但单元化在什么情况下有效尚不清楚。利用横向模式化(TP),我们比较了单元化(及其融合、运动和动作/序列等组成过程)与扩展练习对老年人和内侧前额叶皮层(mPFC)或海马/内侧颞叶(HC/MTL)病变(程度不一)的神经心理学病例的关系学习和迁移的影响。后者包括一名主要在齿状回内有双侧 HC 损伤的人。对于老年人来说,随着练习时间的延长和单位化的加强,TP 的准确性会提高,并能观察到迁移的益处。总体而言,病变病例并未从扩展练习或单元化中获益,这表明 mPFC 和齿状回在关系记忆和单元化中发挥着重要作用。研究结果表明,个性化策略干预必须与使用者的认知和神经特征相一致。
{"title":"Effects of extended practice and unitization on relational memory in older adults and neuropsychological lesion cases.","authors":"Supreet Aashat, Maria C D'Angelo, R Shayna Rosenbaum, Jennifer D Ryan","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2319892","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2319892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unitization - the fusion of objects into a single unit through an action/consequence sequence - can mitigate relational memory impairments, but the circumstances under which unitization is effective are unclear. Using transverse patterning (TP), we compared unitization (and its component processes of fusion, motion, and action/consequence) with extended practice on relational learning and transfer in older adults and neuropsychological cases with lesions (to varying extents) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or hippocampus/medial temporal lobe (HC/MTL). The latter included a person with bilateral HC lesions primarily within the dentate gyrus. For older adults, TP accuracy increased, and transfer benefits were observed, with extended practice and unitization. Broadly, the lesion cases did not benefit from either extended practice or unitization, suggesting the mPFC and dentate gyrus play important roles in relational memory and in unitization. The results suggest that personalized strategy interventions must align with the cognitive and neural profiles of the user.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1070-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing creative divergent thinking in older adults with a semantic retrieval strategy. 用语义检索策略增强老年人的创造性发散思维
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2414855
Luke Dubec, Courtney R Gerver, Nancy A Dennis, Roger E Beaty

Creative divergent thinking involves the generation of unique ideas by pulling from semantic memory stores and exercising cognitive flexibility to shape these memories into something new. Although cognitive abilities decline with age, semantic memory tends to remain intact. This study aims to utilize that memory to investigate the effectiveness of a brief cognitive training to improve creative divergent thinking. Older adults were trained using a semantic retrieval strategy to improve creativity in the Alternate Uses Task (AUT) and the Divergent Association Task (DAT). Participants were tested on the AUT and DAT across three time points: before the strategy was introduced (T0 and T1) and afterward (T2). Results showed that the strategy enhances idea novelty in the AUT; additionally, participants that initially scored lowest on the AUT showed the greatest increase in AUT performance. This finding suggests that older adults can use a semantic retrieval strategy to enhance creative divergent thinking.

创造性发散思维是指从语义记忆库中提取信息,并运用认知灵活性将这些记忆塑造成新的东西,从而产生独特的想法。虽然认知能力会随着年龄的增长而下降,但语义记忆往往保持完好。本研究旨在利用语义记忆来研究简短认知训练对提高创造性发散思维的效果。研究人员使用语义检索策略对老年人进行了训练,以提高他们在 "交替使用任务"(AUT)和 "发散联想任务"(DAT)中的创造力。在三个时间点对参与者进行了AUT和DAT测试:引入策略前(T0和T1)和引入策略后(T2)。结果表明,该策略增强了AUT中的想法新颖性;此外,最初在AUT中得分最低的参与者的AUT成绩提高幅度最大。这一发现表明,老年人可以使用语义检索策略来提高创造性发散思维。
{"title":"Enhancing creative divergent thinking in older adults with a semantic retrieval strategy.","authors":"Luke Dubec, Courtney R Gerver, Nancy A Dennis, Roger E Beaty","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2414855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2024.2414855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creative divergent thinking involves the generation of unique ideas by pulling from semantic memory stores and exercising cognitive flexibility to shape these memories into something new. Although cognitive abilities decline with age, semantic memory tends to remain intact. This study aims to utilize that memory to investigate the effectiveness of a brief cognitive training to improve creative divergent thinking. Older adults were trained using a semantic retrieval strategy to improve creativity in the Alternate Uses Task (AUT) and the Divergent Association Task (DAT). Participants were tested on the AUT and DAT across three time points: before the strategy was introduced (T0 and T1) and afterward (T2). Results showed that the strategy enhances idea novelty in the AUT; additionally, participants that initially scored lowest on the AUT showed the greatest increase in AUT performance. This finding suggests that older adults can use a semantic retrieval strategy to enhance creative divergent thinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Age differences in emotional reactivity to facets of sadness and anger. 对悲伤和愤怒的情绪反应的年龄差异。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2414473
Ryan M Muskin, Eric S Allard

Emotional reactivity, based on the discrete emotions approach (DEA), is related to opportunities or constraints across development. While prior research suggests sadness to be more adaptive in old age and anger to be more adaptive in young adulthood, there may be facets within these discrete emotion categories that further expand the DEA framework: loss-based vs. failure-based sadness and frustration-based vs. moral violation-based anger. A sample of 49 younger adults (Mage = 20.00, SD = 2.26) and 51 older adults (Mage = 66.00, SD = 4.94) were asked to relive and describe an emotional memory associated with facets of sadness and anger. Emotional reactivity was operationalized through self-report ratings on distinct facet categories. Results revealed a significant age difference in emotional reactivity to moral violation-based anger, with older adults being more reactive than younger adults. No other significant age differences were observed. These findings are discussed in terms of how further distinctions across emotional facets can inform a better understanding of affective experience across adulthood and old age.

基于离散情绪法(DEA)的情绪反应性与整个发展过程中的机遇或限制有关。先前的研究表明,悲伤情绪在老年期更具有适应性,而愤怒情绪在青年期更具有适应性,但这些离散情绪类别中可能存在进一步扩展 DEA 框架的层面:基于损失的悲伤情绪与基于失败的悲伤情绪,以及基于挫折的愤怒情绪与基于道德侵犯的愤怒情绪。研究人员要求 49 名年轻成年人(平均年龄为 20.00 岁,平均年龄为 2.26 岁)和 51 名老年人(平均年龄为 66.00 岁,平均年龄为 4.94 岁)重温并描述与悲伤和愤怒相关的情绪记忆。情绪反应性是通过对不同面相类别的自我报告评分来实现的。结果显示,在对基于道德侵犯的愤怒的情绪反应性方面存在明显的年龄差异,老年人比年轻人反应更强烈。没有观察到其他明显的年龄差异。本研究从进一步区分不同的情绪面来更好地理解成年和老年期情绪体验的角度对这些发现进行了讨论。
{"title":"Age differences in emotional reactivity to facets of sadness and anger.","authors":"Ryan M Muskin, Eric S Allard","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2414473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2024.2414473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional reactivity, based on the discrete emotions approach (DEA), is related to opportunities or constraints across development. While prior research suggests sadness to be more adaptive in old age and anger to be more adaptive in young adulthood, there may be facets within these discrete emotion categories that further expand the DEA framework: loss-based vs. failure-based sadness and frustration-based vs. moral violation-based anger. A sample of 49 younger adults (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 20.00, <i>SD</i> = 2.26) and 51 older adults (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 66.00, <i>SD</i> = 4.94) were asked to relive and describe an emotional memory associated with facets of sadness and anger. Emotional reactivity was operationalized through self-report ratings on distinct facet categories. Results revealed a significant age difference in emotional reactivity to moral violation-based anger, with older adults being more reactive than younger adults. No other significant age differences were observed. These findings are discussed in terms of how further distinctions across emotional facets can inform a better understanding of affective experience across adulthood and old age.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Longitudinal associations of life space mobility and domain-specific cognitive measures in ACTIVE. ACTIVE 中生活空间流动性与特定领域认知测量的纵向联系。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2413720
Emily J Smail, George W Rebok, Alden L Gross, Olivio J Clay, Karlene Ball, Michael Crowe, Christopher N Kaufmann, Todd Manini, Jeanine M Parisi

We tested the longitudinal associations between life space mobility (LSM) at baseline and cognitive performance in three domains (memory, reasoning, and speed of processing) over time. Our analytic sample includes 2,690 older adults (mean age = 73.0, 75.9% female) participating in the ACTIVE Study. We used multiple linear mixed-effects models to evaluate whether LSM, measured using the Life Space Questionnaire, at baseline was longitudinally associated with scores on eight cognitive tests and three composite scores across 10 years. In unadjusted models, there were significant main effects of baseline LSM on memory and reasoning domains, and one speed of processing test (beta: 0.019 to 0.055, p < 0.05). All effects were non-significant in adjusted models. Over time, baseline LSM was associated with one memory test score in adjusted models. Greater LSM at baseline is associated with marginally higher cognitive performance but does not appear to affect the rate of cognitive change at a clinically significant level.

我们测试了基线生活空间流动性(LSM)与三个领域(记忆、推理和处理速度)的认知表现之间的纵向联系。我们的分析样本包括参加 ACTIVE 研究的 2,690 名老年人(平均年龄 = 73.0 岁,75.9% 为女性)。我们使用多重线性混合效应模型来评估使用生活空间问卷测量的基线生活空间管理是否与 10 年间的 8 项认知测试和 3 项综合评分存在纵向关联。在未经调整的模型中,基线 LSM 对记忆和推理领域以及一项处理速度测试有显著的主效应(beta:0.019 至 0.055,p
{"title":"Longitudinal associations of life space mobility and domain-specific cognitive measures in ACTIVE.","authors":"Emily J Smail, George W Rebok, Alden L Gross, Olivio J Clay, Karlene Ball, Michael Crowe, Christopher N Kaufmann, Todd Manini, Jeanine M Parisi","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2413720","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2413720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tested the longitudinal associations between life space mobility (LSM) at baseline and cognitive performance in three domains (memory, reasoning, and speed of processing) over time. Our analytic sample includes 2,690 older adults (mean age = 73.0, 75.9% female) participating in the ACTIVE Study. We used multiple linear mixed-effects models to evaluate whether LSM, measured using the Life Space Questionnaire, at baseline was longitudinally associated with scores on eight cognitive tests and three composite scores across 10 years. In unadjusted models, there were significant main effects of baseline LSM on memory and reasoning domains, and one speed of processing test (beta: 0.019 to 0.055, <i>p</i> < 0.05). All effects were non-significant in adjusted models. Over time, baseline LSM was associated with one memory test score in adjusted models. Greater LSM at baseline is associated with marginally higher cognitive performance but does not appear to affect the rate of cognitive change at a clinically significant level.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incremental validity of the test of practical judgment (TOP-J) in the prediction of diagnosis in preclinical dementia. 实用判断测试(TOP-J)在预测临床前痴呆症诊断中的增量有效性。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2411981
Pranitha Premnath, Caroline O Nester, Anjali Krishnan, Crystal G Quinn, Hannah Bodek, Nadia Paré, David E Warren, Laura Rabin

The Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) has not been thoroughly investigated in terms of its incremental validity. In the current study, we explored whether the TOP-J adds unique and meaningful information to the neuropsychological assessment beyond other executive functioning tests that are often used as proxies for practical judgment. Ninety-seven older adults who were classified as cognitively unimpaired, with subjective cognitive decline, or with mild cognitive impairment completed a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Incremental validity was assessed through hierarchical ordinal regression analysis by modeling the TOP-J (Forms A and B, 15-item and 9-item versions), in addition to widely used tests of executive function, with participant classification/diagnosis as the outcome. The addition of the TOP-J (both 15-item versions) added incremental validity beyond traditional executive functioning measures to predict diagnosis. Including the TOP-J within neuropsychological evaluations of older adults may enhance differentiation of preclinical dementia diagnoses and provide clinically valuable information to the exam.

实用判断力测验(TOP-J)在其增量效度方面尚未得到深入研究。在当前的研究中,我们探讨了 TOP-J 是否比其他经常被用作实际判断替代物的执行功能测试更能为神经心理评估增加独特而有意义的信息。97 名被归类为认知功能未受损、主观认知功能下降或轻度认知功能受损的老年人完成了一项全面的神经心理学评估。除了广泛使用的执行功能测试外,还对 TOP-J(表格 A 和 B,15 项和 9 项版本)进行了建模,并以参与者分类/诊断为结果,通过分层序数回归分析评估了增量有效性。在传统的执行功能测试之外,TOP-J(两个 15 项的版本)的加入增加了预测诊断的有效性。在对老年人进行神经心理评估时加入 TOP-J 可加强对临床前痴呆诊断的区分,并为检查提供有临床价值的信息。
{"title":"Incremental validity of the test of practical judgment (TOP-J) in the prediction of diagnosis in preclinical dementia.","authors":"Pranitha Premnath, Caroline O Nester, Anjali Krishnan, Crystal G Quinn, Hannah Bodek, Nadia Paré, David E Warren, Laura Rabin","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2411981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2024.2411981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) has not been thoroughly investigated in terms of its incremental validity. In the current study, we explored whether the TOP-J adds unique and meaningful information to the neuropsychological assessment beyond other executive functioning tests that are often used as proxies for practical judgment. Ninety-seven older adults who were classified as cognitively unimpaired, with subjective cognitive decline, or with mild cognitive impairment completed a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Incremental validity was assessed through hierarchical ordinal regression analysis by modeling the TOP-J (Forms A and B, 15-item and 9-item versions), in addition to widely used tests of executive function, with participant classification/diagnosis as the outcome. The addition of the TOP-J (both 15-item versions) added incremental validity beyond traditional executive functioning measures to predict diagnosis. Including the TOP-J within neuropsychological evaluations of older adults may enhance differentiation of preclinical dementia diagnoses and provide clinically valuable information to the exam.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1