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Are subjective language complaints in memory clinic patients informative? 记忆门诊患者的主观语言抱怨是否提供了信息?
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-22 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2270209
Svetlana Malyutina, Alina Zabolotskaia, Victor Savilov, Timur Syunyakov, Marat Kurmyshev, Elena Kurmysheva, Irina Lobanova, Natalia Osipova, Olga Karpenko, Alisa Andriushchenko

To diagnose mild cognitive impairment, it is crucial to understand whether subjective cognitive complaints reflect objective cognitive deficits. This question has mostly been investigated in the memory domain, with mixed results. Our study was one of the first to address it for language. Participants were 55-to-93-year-old memory clinic patients (n = 163). They filled in a questionnaire about subjective language and memory complaints and performed two language tasks (naming-by-definition and sentence comprehension). Greater language complaints were associated with two language measures, thus showing a moderate value in predicting language performance. Greater relative severity of language versus memory complaints was a better predictor, associated with three language performance measures. Surprisingly, greater memory complaints were associated with better naming, probably due to anosognosia in further disease progression or personality-related factors. Our findings highlight the importance of relative complaint severity across domains and, clinically, call for developing self-assessment questionnaires asking specific questions about multiple cognitive functions.

要诊断轻度认知障碍,了解主观认知主诉是否反映客观认知缺陷至关重要。这个问题主要在记忆领域进行了研究,结果喜忧参半。我们的研究是最早在语言方面解决这一问题的研究之一。参与者是55-93岁的记忆门诊患者(n = 163)。他们填写了一份关于主观语言和记忆抱怨的问卷,并完成了两项语言任务(根据定义命名和句子理解)。较大的语言抱怨与两种语言测量有关,因此在预测语言表现方面显示出适度的价值。语言与记忆抱怨的相对严重程度越高是更好的预测因素,与三种语言表现指标相关。令人惊讶的是,更大的记忆力抱怨与更好的命名有关,可能是由于疾病进一步发展中的嗅觉缺失或性格相关因素。我们的研究结果强调了各领域相对投诉严重程度的重要性,并在临床上呼吁制定自我评估问卷,询问有关多种认知功能的具体问题。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching older adults to use retrieval practice improves their self-regulated learning. 教老年人使用检索练习可以提高他们的自主学习能力。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2271531
Robert Ariel, Addison Babineau, Sarah K Tauber

Retrieval practice can reduce associative memory deficits for older adults but they underutilize this potent learning tool during self-regulated learning. The current experiment investigated whether teaching older adults to use retrieval practice more can improve their self-regulated learning. Younger and older adults made decisions about when to study, how often to engage in retrieval practice, and when to stop learning a list of medication-side effect pairs. Some younger and older adults received instructions before learning that emphasized the mnemonic benefits of retrieval practice over restudying material and described how to schedule retrieval practice to learn to a goal criterion level. This minimal intervention was effective for improving both younger and older adults' associative memory. These data indicate that a simple strategy for improving older adults self-regulated learning is to provide them with instructions that teach them how to use criterion learning to schedule their retrieval practice for to-be learned material.

检索实践可以减少老年人的联想记忆缺陷,但他们在自我调节学习过程中没有充分利用这种强大的学习工具。目前的实验调查了教老年人更多地使用检索练习是否可以提高他们的自我调节学习。年轻人和老年人决定何时学习,多久进行一次检索练习,以及何时停止学习药物副作用对列表。一些年轻人和老年人在学习前接受了指导,强调了检索练习相对于重新学习材料的助记优势,并描述了如何安排检索练习以达到目标标准水平。这种最低限度的干预措施对改善年轻人和老年人的联想记忆都是有效的。这些数据表明,改善老年人自我调节学习的一个简单策略是向他们提供指导,教他们如何使用标准学习来安排他们对待学习材料的检索练习。
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引用次数: 0
"I don't know who you are": anomia for people's names in Alzheimer's disease. "我不知道你是谁":老年痴呆症患者对人名的反常现象。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2315773
Vanessa Gomes, Teresa Simón, Miguel Lázaro

It is well known that difficulty in the retrieval of people's names is an early symptom of Alzheimer's Disease Dementia (ADD), but there is a controversy about the nature of this deficit. In this study, we analyzed whether the nature of the difficulty in retrieving proper names in ADD reflects pre-semantic, semantic, or post-semantic difficulties. To do so, 85 older adults, 35 with ADD and 50 cognitively healthy (CH), completed a task with famous faces involving: recognition, naming, semantic questions, and naming with phonological cues. The ADD group scored lower than the CH group in all tasks. Both groups showed a greater capacity for recognition than naming, but this difference was more pronounced in the ADD group. Additionally, the ADD group showed significantly fewer semantic errors than the CH group. Overall results suggest that the difficulties people with ADD have in naming reflect a degradation at semantic level.

众所周知,人名检索困难是阿尔茨海默病痴呆症(ADD)的早期症状之一,但对于这种缺陷的性质却存在争议。在本研究中,我们分析了阿尔茨海默病痴呆症患者检索专有名词困难的性质是否反映了前语义、语义或后语义困难。为此,85 名老年人(35 名注意力缺失症患者和 50 名认知健康者(CH))完成了一项关于著名面孔的任务,其中包括:识别、命名、语义问题和根据语音线索命名。注意力缺失症组在所有任务中的得分都低于认知健康组。两组的识别能力都比命名能力强,但这种差异在注意力缺失症组更为明显。此外,ADD 组的语义错误明显少于 CH 组。总体结果表明,注意力缺失症患者在命名方面的困难反映了他们在语义水平上的退化。
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引用次数: 0
How spatial-cue reliability affects navigational performance in young and older adults. 空间线索的可靠性如何影响年轻人和老年人的导航能力?
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2387362
Maayan Merhav

Navigational abilities decline with age, but the cognitive underpinnings of this cognitive decline remain partially understood. Navigation is guided by landmarks and self-motion cues, that we address when estimating our location. These sources of spatial information are often associated with noise and uncertainty, thus posing a challenge during navigation. To overcome this challenge, humans and other species rely on navigational cues according to their reliability: reliable cues are highly weighted and therefore strongly influence our spatial behavior, compared to less reliable ones. We hypothesize that older adults do not efficiently weigh spatial cues, and accordingly, the reliability levels of navigational cues may not modulate their spatial behavior, as with younger adults. To test this, younger and older adults performed a virtual navigational task, subject to modified reliability of landmarks and self-motion cues. The findings revealed that while increased reliability of spatial cues improved navigational performance across both age groups, older adults exhibited diminished sensitivity to changes in landmark reliability. The findings demonstrate a cognitive mechanism that could lead to impaired navigation abilities in older adults.

导航能力会随着年龄的增长而下降,但人们对这种认知能力下降的认知基础仍然知之甚少。导航是由地标和自我运动线索引导的,我们在估计自己的位置时会考虑到这些线索。这些空间信息来源通常与噪声和不确定性相关,因此在导航过程中会遇到挑战。为了克服这一挑战,人类和其他物种都会根据导航线索的可靠性来选择导航线索:与可靠性较低的线索相比,可靠的线索权重较高,因此会对我们的空间行为产生强烈影响。我们假设,老年人不会有效地权衡空间线索,因此导航线索的可靠程度可能不会像年轻人那样调节他们的空间行为。为了验证这一点,年轻和年长的成年人在执行虚拟导航任务时,对地标和自身运动线索的可靠性进行了调整。研究结果表明,虽然空间线索可靠性的提高改善了两个年龄组的导航表现,但老年人对地标可靠性变化的敏感性却有所降低。研究结果表明,认知机制可能会导致老年人导航能力受损。
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引用次数: 0
Critical menarche age for late-life dementia and the role of education and socioeconomic status. 晚年痴呆症的临界初潮年龄以及教育和社会经济地位的作用。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2386314
Sotiria Moza, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Mary Yannakoulia, Efthimios Dardiotis, Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou, Paraskevi Sakka, Mary H Kosmidis

Estrogen exposure during menstrual years has been associated with late-life neuroprotection. We explored the presence of an age-sensitive menarche window for cognition in old age and the impact of socioeconomic status and education. We compared neuropsychological performance of 1082 older women [MeanAGE = 72.69 (5.48)] with menarche in childhood, early-, mid-, and late-adolescence and dementia prevalence, severity, and type, including the effects of education and socioeconomic status. Adjusting for covariates, menarche at 11-14 years of age was associated with better memory, executive and global cognitive functioning in old age, and stronger positive effects of education and socioeconomic status on cognition than those with menarche at 15-17 years. We found a critical age window for the neuroprotective effects of estrogens during early adolescence, putting women with later menarche at higher risk for cognitive decline. Effects of socioeconomic status and education in adulthood should be a focus of future research.

月经期间的雌激素暴露与晚年神经保护有关。我们探讨了对年龄敏感的月经初潮对老年认知的影响,以及社会经济地位和教育程度的影响。我们比较了 1082 名老年妇女(平均年龄 = 72.69 (5.48))的神经心理学表现、童年、青春期早期、中期和晚期初潮以及痴呆症的患病率、严重程度和类型,包括教育和社会经济地位的影响。与 15-17 岁月经初潮者相比,调整协变量后,11-14 岁月经初潮者的老年记忆力、执行力和整体认知功能更佳,教育和社会经济地位对认知的积极影响也更强。我们发现,雌激素对神经保护作用的关键年龄窗口在青春期早期,这使得初潮较晚的女性认知能力下降的风险更高。成年后社会经济地位和教育的影响应是未来研究的重点。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of language learning on cognitive functioning and psychosocial well-being in cognitively healthy older adults: A semi-blind randomized controlled trial. 语言学习对认知功能和社会心理健康的影响:半盲随机对照试验
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2384107
Jelle Brouwer, Floor van den Berg, Remco Knooihuizen, Hanneke Loerts, Merel Keijzer

This study investigated the impact of language learning in comparison to other complex learning activities on cognitive functioning and psychosocial well-being in cognitively healthy, community-dwelling older adults. In a randomized controlled trial, 43 Dutch functionally monolinguals aged 65-78 completed a three-month English course (n = 15), music training (n = 13), or a lecture series (n = 15). Cognitive functioning (global cognition, cognitive flexibility, episodic memory, working memory, verbal fluency, and attention) and psychosocial well-being were assessed before and immediately after the intervention, and at a four-month follow-up. The language learners significantly improved on episodic memory and cognitive flexibility. However, the magnitude of cognitive change did not significantly differ between the language learning and music training conditions, except for a larger positive change in cognitive flexibility for the language learners from pretest to follow-up. Our results suggest that language learning in later life can improve some cognitive functions and fluency in the additional language, but that its unique effects seem limited.

本研究调查了语言学习与其他复杂的学习活动相比,对认知功能和社会心理健康的影响。在一项随机对照试验中,43 名年龄在 65-78 岁之间、功能单一的荷兰人分别完成了为期三个月的英语课程(15 人)、音乐训练(13 人)或系列讲座(15 人)。在干预前后和为期四个月的随访中,对认知功能(整体认知、认知灵活性、外显记忆、工作记忆、语言流畅性和注意力)和社会心理健康进行了评估。语言学习者的外显记忆和认知灵活性有了明显改善。然而,除了语言学习者的认知灵活性从测试前到随访期间有较大的正向变化外,语言学习者和音乐训练者的认知变化幅度并无明显差异。我们的研究结果表明,晚年语言学习可以改善某些认知功能和额外语言的流畅性,但其独特效果似乎有限。
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引用次数: 0
The evolution of subjective cognition after meditation training in older people: a secondary analysis of the three-arm age-well randomized controlled trial. 老年人冥想训练后主观认知的演变:三臂年龄-健康随机对照试验的二次分析。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2376783
Florence Requier, Harriet Demnitz-King, Eric Frison, Marion Delarue, Julie Gonneaud, Gaël Chételat, Olga Klimecki, Eric Salmon, Antoine Lutz, Natalie L Marchant, Fabienne Collette

Aging is associated with cognitive changes, even in the absence of brain pathology. This study aimed to determine if meditation training, by comparison to active and passive control groups, is linked to changes in the perception of cognitive functioning in older adults. One hundred thirty-four healthy older participants from the Age-Well Randomized Clinical Trial were included: 45 followed a meditation training, 45 a non-native language training and 44 had no intervention. Subjective cognition was assessed at baseline and following the 18-month intervention period. Perception of attentional efficiency was assessed using internal and external Attentional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) subscale scores. Perception of global cognitive capacities was measured via the total score of Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS). Deltas ([posttest minus pretest scores]/standard deviation at pretest) were calculated for the analyses. Generalized mixed effects models controlling for age, sex, education and baseline scores revealed that meditation training decreased the vulnerability score toward external distractors measured by the ASQ compared to non-native language training. However, no between-groups differences on ASQ internal or CDS total scores were observed. Results suggest a beneficial effect of meditation practice on perceived management of external distracting information in daily life. Meditation training may cultivate the ability to focus on specific information (e.g., breath) and ignore stimulation from other kinds of stimuli (e.g., noise).

衰老与认知能力的变化有关,即使没有脑部病变也是如此。本研究旨在通过与主动和被动对照组的比较,确定冥想训练是否与老年人认知功能的变化有关。研究对象包括 134 名来自 "Age-Well 随机临床试验 "的健康老年人:其中 45 人接受了冥想训练,45 人接受了非母语语言训练,44 人未接受任何干预。在基线期和 18 个月的干预期后对主观认知进行了评估。对注意力效率的感知采用内部和外部注意力风格问卷(ASQ)分量表进行评估。对整体认知能力的感知通过认知困难量表(CDS)的总分进行测量。在进行分析时,会计算 Deltas([测试后分数减去测试前分数]/测试前标准偏差)。控制年龄、性别、教育程度和基线分数的广义混合效应模型显示,与非母语培训相比,冥想培训降低了通过 ASQ 测量的对外部干扰因素的脆弱性分数。但是,在 ASQ 内部得分或 CDS 总分上没有观察到组间差异。研究结果表明,冥想练习对日常生活中外部干扰信息的感知管理具有有益的影响。冥想训练可以培养专注于特定信息(如呼吸)、忽略其他类型刺激(如噪音)的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Sense of purpose in life and extending the cognitive healthspan: evidence from multistate survival modeling. 生活目标感与延长认知健康期:多州生存模型的证据。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2373846
Nathan A Lewis, Scott M Hofer, David A Bennett, Patrick L Hill

Having a sense of purpose in life predicts better maintenance of cognitive function in older adulthood and reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, little research has examined its influence on the rate of cognitive decline and length of cognitive healthspan. This study evaluated the role of sense of purpose on the risk and timing of transitions between normal cognition, MCI, and dementia. Older adults from the Memory and Aging Project (MAP; n = 1821) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n = 10,542) were followed annually for 19 years and biennially for 12 years, respectively. Multistate survival models assessed whether sense of purpose predicted transitions across normal cognition, MCI, dementia, and death. More purposeful older adults had lower risk of developing MCI (HR = 0.82 in MAP; HR = 0.93 in HRS), higher likelihood of cognitive improvement, and longer cognitively healthy life expectancies. Results suggest sense of purpose may extend the cognitive healthspan.

有生活目标感预示着在老年期能更好地维持认知功能,并降低轻度认知障碍(MCI)和痴呆症的风险。然而,很少有研究探讨其对认知功能衰退速度和认知健康期长度的影响。本研究评估了目的感对正常认知、MCI 和痴呆之间的风险和过渡时间的作用。研究人员对 "记忆与衰老项目"(MAP;n = 1821)和 "健康与退休研究"(HRS;n = 10542)的老年人分别进行了长达 19 年的年度跟踪调查和长达 12 年的双年度跟踪调查。多态生存模型评估了目的感是否能预测正常认知、MCI、痴呆和死亡的转变。目的性较强的老年人患 MCI 的风险较低(MAP 的 HR = 0.82;HRS 的 HR = 0.93),认知能力改善的可能性较高,认知健康的预期寿命较长。研究结果表明,目的感可以延长认知健康寿命。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of phonological short-term memory impairment on verbal repetition in the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia. 原发性进行性失语症对数开放变异型中语音短期记忆障碍对言语重复的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2249198
Joël Macoir, Robert Laforce, Monica Lavoie

The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) is characterized mainly by anomia, production of phonological errors, and impairment in repetition of sentences. The functional origin of these language impairments is mainly attributed to the breakdown of phonological short-term memory. The present study examined the effects of phonological short-term memory impairment on language processing in lvPPA. In two studies, 11 participants with lvPPA and 11 healthy control participants were presented with repetition tasks in which the type and length of stimuli and the mode of administration were manipulated. Study 1 aimed to examine the influence of length and lexicality (words vs. pseudowords) on immediate and delayed repetition, whereas Study 2 aimed to examine the influence of length, syntactic complexity (nominalized vs. pronominalized sentences), and serial position on immediate sentence repetition. Study 1 showed that participants' performance with lvPPA was impaired only on immediate repetition of five-syllable pseudowords and on delayed repetition of words and pseudowords. Study 2 showed that participants' performance with lvPPA was impaired in the repetition of nominalized sentences where a recency effect was observed. Repetition of pronominalized sentences was also impaired in the lvPPA group. This study provides additional support for arguments regarding phonological short-term memory as a cause of language impairment in lvPPA. Clinically, the results of the study suggest that instruments for assessing repetition ability in lvPPA should include not only lists of short or long nominalized sentences, but also delayed repetition of words and pseudowords and pronominalized sentences.

原发性进行性失语症(logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia,lvPPA)的主要特征是失语、语音错误和句子重复障碍。这些语言障碍的功能性根源主要归咎于语音短时记忆的崩溃。本研究探讨了语音短时记忆障碍对 lvPPA 患者语言处理能力的影响。在两项研究中,11 名患有 lvPPA 的参与者和 11 名健康对照组参与者接受了重复任务,在这些任务中,刺激的类型、长度和施测方式都受到了控制。研究一旨在考察长度和词性(单词与假词)对即时和延迟复述的影响,而研究二则旨在考察长度、句法复杂性(名词化句子与动词化句子)和序列位置对即时句子复述的影响。研究 1 显示,lvPPA 参与者的表现仅在立即重复五音节假词和延迟重复单词和假词时受损。研究 2 显示,在重复名词化句子时,受试者的 lvPPA 能力会受到影响,并观察到了复现效应。在 lvPPA 组中,主谓化句子的复述也受到了影响。这项研究为语音短时记忆是导致 lvPPA 语言障碍的原因这一论点提供了更多支持。在临床上,研究结果表明,评估lvPPA患者复述能力的工具不仅应包括长短名词化句子列表,还应包括单词、假词和名词化句子的延迟复述。
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引用次数: 0
Personality traits moderate associations between word recall and subjective memory. 人格特质缓和了单词记忆与主观记忆之间的关联。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2249195
Patrick L Hill, Gabrielle N Pfund, Patrick J Cruitt, Isaiah Spears, Sara A Norton, Ryan Bogdan, Thomas F Oltmanns

Cognitive gerontology research requires consideration of performance as well as perceptions of performance. While subjective memory is positively associated with memory performance, these correlations typically are modest in magnitude, leading to the need to consider whether certain people may show weaker or stronger linkages between performance and perceptions. The current study leveraged personality (NEO Big Five), memory performance (i.e., word recall), and perceptions of memory ability (i.e., metamemory in adulthood and memory decline) data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study (n = 774, mean age: 71.52 years). Extraversion and conscientiousness held the most consistent associations with the cognitive variables of interest, as both traits were positively associated with metamemory and word recall, but negatively associated with subjective decline. Moreover, extraversion moderated associations between word recall and both memory capacity and complaints, insofar that objective-subjective associations were weaker for those adults higher in extraversion. These findings highlight the need to understand how personality influences the sources of information employed for subjective cognitive beliefs.

老年认知研究需要考虑成绩以及对成绩的看法。虽然主观记忆与记忆表现呈正相关,但这种相关性通常不大,因此需要考虑某些人的表现与感知之间是否会表现出更弱或更强的联系。本研究利用了圣路易斯人格与老龄化网络(SPAN)研究(n = 774,平均年龄:71.52 岁)中的人格(NEO 五大人格)、记忆表现(即单词回忆)和对记忆能力的感知(即成年后的元记忆和记忆衰退)数据。外向性和自觉性与相关认知变量的关系最为一致,因为这两种特质与元记忆和单词回忆呈正相关,但与主观记忆衰退呈负相关。此外,外向性还能调节单词记忆与记忆能力和抱怨之间的关联,因为外向性较高的成年人的客观-主观关联较弱。这些发现突出表明,有必要了解人格如何影响主观认知信念所使用的信息来源。
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引用次数: 0
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Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition
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