Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01664-w
Muhammad Adnan Shan, Muhammad Umer Khan, Warda Ishtiaq, Raima Rehman, Samiullah Khan, Muhammad Arshad Javed, Qurban Ali
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) involves stress regulation and psychiatric disorders. The Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene has been linked to altered protein function and susceptibility to stress-related conditions. This in silico analysis aimed to predict and analyze the consequences of the Val66Met mutation in the BDNF gene of stressed individuals. Computational techniques, including ab initio, comparative, and I-TASSER modeling, were used to evaluate the functional and stability effects of the Val66Met mutation in BDNF. The accuracy and reliability of the models were validated. Sequence alignment and secondary structure analysis compared amino acid residues and structural components. The phylogenetic analysis assessed the conservation of the mutation site. Functional and stability prediction analyses provided mixed results, suggesting potential effects on protein function and stability. Structural models revealed the importance of BDNF in key biological processes. Sequence alignment analysis showed the conservation of amino acid residues across species. Secondary structure analysis indicated minor differences between the wild-type and mutant forms. Phylogenetic analysis supported the evolutionary conservation of the mutation site. This computational study suggests that the Val66Met mutation in BDNF may have implications for protein stability, structural conformation, and function. Further experimental validation is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the precise effects of this mutation on stress-related disorders.
{"title":"In silico analysis of the Val66Met mutation in BDNF protein: implications for psychological stress.","authors":"Muhammad Adnan Shan, Muhammad Umer Khan, Warda Ishtiaq, Raima Rehman, Samiullah Khan, Muhammad Arshad Javed, Qurban Ali","doi":"10.1186/s13568-024-01664-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-024-01664-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) involves stress regulation and psychiatric disorders. The Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene has been linked to altered protein function and susceptibility to stress-related conditions. This in silico analysis aimed to predict and analyze the consequences of the Val66Met mutation in the BDNF gene of stressed individuals. Computational techniques, including ab initio, comparative, and I-TASSER modeling, were used to evaluate the functional and stability effects of the Val66Met mutation in BDNF. The accuracy and reliability of the models were validated. Sequence alignment and secondary structure analysis compared amino acid residues and structural components. The phylogenetic analysis assessed the conservation of the mutation site. Functional and stability prediction analyses provided mixed results, suggesting potential effects on protein function and stability. Structural models revealed the importance of BDNF in key biological processes. Sequence alignment analysis showed the conservation of amino acid residues across species. Secondary structure analysis indicated minor differences between the wild-type and mutant forms. Phylogenetic analysis supported the evolutionary conservation of the mutation site. This computational study suggests that the Val66Met mutation in BDNF may have implications for protein stability, structural conformation, and function. Further experimental validation is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the precise effects of this mutation on stress-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10803716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The industrial applications of the κ-carrageenases have been restricted by their poor thermostability. In this study, based on the folding free energy change (ΔΔG) and the flexibility analysis using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for the alkaline κ-carrageenase KCgCD from Pseudoalteromonas porphyrae (WT), the mutant S190R was identified with improved thermostability. After incubation at 50 °C for 30 min, the residual activity of S190R was 63.7%, 25.7% higher than that of WT. The Tm values determined by differential scanning calorimetry were 66.2 °C and 64.4 °C for S190R and WT, respectively. The optimal temperature of S190R was 10 °C higher than that of WT. The κ-carrageenan hydrolysates produced by S190R showed higher xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity compared with the untreated κ-carrageenan. MD simulation analysis of S190R showed that the residues (V186-M194 and P196-G197) in F5 and the key residue R150 in F3 displayed the decreased flexibility, and residues of T169-N173 near the catalytic center displayed the increased flexibility. These changed flexibilities might be the reasons for the improved thermostability of mutant S190R. This study provides a useful rational design strategy of combination of ΔΔG calculation and MD simulation to improve the κ-carrageenase's thermostability for its better industrial applications.
{"title":"Improving the thermostability of Pseudoalteromonas Porphyrae κ-carrageenase by rational design and MD simulation.","authors":"Yuyan Sang, Xiaoyi Huang, Hebin Li, Tao Hong, Mingjing Zheng, Zhipeng Li, Zedong Jiang, Hui Ni, Qingbiao Li, Yanbing Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s13568-024-01661-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-024-01661-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The industrial applications of the κ-carrageenases have been restricted by their poor thermostability. In this study, based on the folding free energy change (ΔΔG) and the flexibility analysis using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for the alkaline κ-carrageenase KCgCD from Pseudoalteromonas porphyrae (WT), the mutant S190R was identified with improved thermostability. After incubation at 50 °C for 30 min, the residual activity of S190R was 63.7%, 25.7% higher than that of WT. The T<sub>m</sub> values determined by differential scanning calorimetry were 66.2 °C and 64.4 °C for S190R and WT, respectively. The optimal temperature of S190R was 10 °C higher than that of WT. The κ-carrageenan hydrolysates produced by S190R showed higher xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity compared with the untreated κ-carrageenan. MD simulation analysis of S190R showed that the residues (V186-M194 and P196-G197) in F5 and the key residue R150 in F3 displayed the decreased flexibility, and residues of T169-N173 near the catalytic center displayed the increased flexibility. These changed flexibilities might be the reasons for the improved thermostability of mutant S190R. This study provides a useful rational design strategy of combination of ΔΔG calculation and MD simulation to improve the κ-carrageenase's thermostability for its better industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10799840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens is one of the major health concerns facing mankind as different bacterial strains have developed resistance to antibiotics over the period of time due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Besides this, ability to form biofilms is another major factor contributing to antibiotic resistance, which has necessitated the need for exploration for novel and effective compounds with ability to inhibit biofilm formation. Endophytic fungi are reported to exhibit antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential and could serve as a potent source of novel antibacterial compounds. Majority of the bioactivities have been reported from fungi belonging to phylum Ascomycota. Endophytic basidiomycetes, inspite of their profound ability to serve as a source of bioactive compounds have not been exploited extensively. In present study, an attempt was made to assess the antibacterial, anti-biofilm and biofilm dispersion potential of an endophytic basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune procured from the culture collection of our lab. Ethyl acetate extract of S. commune showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica and Vibrio cholerae. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract were in the range of 1.25-10 mg/ml against the tested bacterial pathogens. The mode of action was determined to be bactericidal which was further confirmed by time kill studies. Good anti-biofilm activity of S. commune extract was recorded against K. pneumoniae and S. enterica, which was further validated by fluorescence microscopy. The present study highlights the importance of endophytic basidiomycetes as source of therapeutic compounds.
{"title":"In vitro antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential of an endophytic Schizophyllum commune.","authors":"Avinash Sharma, Muzamil Rashid, Pooja Chauhan, Sukhraj Kaur, Amarjeet Kaur","doi":"10.1186/s13568-024-01663-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-024-01663-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens is one of the major health concerns facing mankind as different bacterial strains have developed resistance to antibiotics over the period of time due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Besides this, ability to form biofilms is another major factor contributing to antibiotic resistance, which has necessitated the need for exploration for novel and effective compounds with ability to inhibit biofilm formation. Endophytic fungi are reported to exhibit antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential and could serve as a potent source of novel antibacterial compounds. Majority of the bioactivities have been reported from fungi belonging to phylum Ascomycota. Endophytic basidiomycetes, inspite of their profound ability to serve as a source of bioactive compounds have not been exploited extensively. In present study, an attempt was made to assess the antibacterial, anti-biofilm and biofilm dispersion potential of an endophytic basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune procured from the culture collection of our lab. Ethyl acetate extract of S. commune showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica and Vibrio cholerae. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract were in the range of 1.25-10 mg/ml against the tested bacterial pathogens. The mode of action was determined to be bactericidal which was further confirmed by time kill studies. Good anti-biofilm activity of S. commune extract was recorded against K. pneumoniae and S. enterica, which was further validated by fluorescence microscopy. The present study highlights the importance of endophytic basidiomycetes as source of therapeutic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10799838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-20DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01659-z
Robert J Dorosky, Jeremy E Schreier, Stephanie L Lola, Rosa L Sava, Michael P Coryell, Adovi Akue, Mark KuKuruga, Paul E Carlson, Sheila M Dreher-Lesnick, Scott Stibitz
Nanobodies are highly specific binding domains derived from naturally occurring single chain camelid antibodies. Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are biological products containing preparations of live organisms, such as Lactobacillus, that are intended for use as drugs, i.e. to address a specific disease or condition. Demonstrating potency of multi-strain LBPs can be challenging. The approach investigated here is to use strain-specific nanobody reagents in LBP potency assays. Llamas were immunized with radiation-killed Lactobacillus jensenii or L. crispatus whole cell preparations. A nanobody phage-display library was constructed and panned against bacterial preparations to identify nanobodies specific for each species. Nanobody-encoding DNA sequences were subcloned and the nanobodies were expressed, purified, and characterized. Colony immunoblots and flow cytometry showed that binding by Lj75 and Lj94 nanobodies were limited to a subset of L. jensenii strains while binding by Lc38 and Lc58 nanobodies were limited to L. crispatus strains. Mass spectrometry was used to demonstrate that Lj75 specifically bound a peptidase of L. jensenii, and that Lc58 bound an S-layer protein of L. crispatus. The utility of fluorescent nanobodies in evaluating multi-strain LBP potency assays was assessed by evaluating a L. crispatus and L. jensenii mixture by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and colony immunoblots. Our results showed that the fluorescent nanobody labelling enabled differentiation and quantitation of the strains in mixture by these methods. Development of these nanobody reagents represents a potential advance in LBP testing, informing the advancement of future LBP potency assays and, thereby, facilitation of clinical investigation of LBPs.
纳米抗体是从天然单链驼科抗体中提取的高度特异性结合域。活生物治疗产品(LBPs)是指含有活生物体制剂(如乳酸杆菌)的生物产品,旨在用作药物,即用于治疗特定疾病或病症。证明多菌株枸杞多糖的效力具有挑战性。本文研究的方法是在枸杞多糖效力测定中使用菌株特异性纳米抗体试剂。用辐射杀死的詹森乳杆菌或脆杆菌全细胞制剂对喇嘛进行免疫。构建纳米抗体噬菌体展示文库,并与细菌制剂进行比对,以确定每个物种的特异性纳米抗体。纳米抗体编码的 DNA 序列被亚克隆,纳米抗体被表达、纯化和鉴定。菌落免疫印迹和流式细胞术表明,Lj75 和 Lj94 纳米抗体的结合仅限于一部分 L. jensenii 菌株,而 Lc38 和 Lc58 纳米抗体的结合仅限于 L. crispatus 菌株。质谱分析表明,Lj75 与 L. jensenii 的一种肽酶特异性结合,而 Lc58 则与 L. crispatus 的一种 S 层蛋白结合。通过荧光显微镜、流式细胞术和菌落免疫印迹法评估了L. crispatus和L. jensenii混合物,从而评估了荧光纳米抗体在评估多菌株枸杞多糖效力测定中的实用性。我们的结果表明,荧光纳米抗体标记可通过这些方法区分和量化混合物中的菌株。这些纳米抗体试剂的开发代表了枸杞多糖检测的潜在进步,为未来枸杞多糖效力检测的发展提供了信息,从而促进了枸杞多糖的临床研究。
{"title":"Nanobodies as potential tools for microbiological testing of live biotherapeutic products.","authors":"Robert J Dorosky, Jeremy E Schreier, Stephanie L Lola, Rosa L Sava, Michael P Coryell, Adovi Akue, Mark KuKuruga, Paul E Carlson, Sheila M Dreher-Lesnick, Scott Stibitz","doi":"10.1186/s13568-023-01659-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-023-01659-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanobodies are highly specific binding domains derived from naturally occurring single chain camelid antibodies. Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are biological products containing preparations of live organisms, such as Lactobacillus, that are intended for use as drugs, i.e. to address a specific disease or condition. Demonstrating potency of multi-strain LBPs can be challenging. The approach investigated here is to use strain-specific nanobody reagents in LBP potency assays. Llamas were immunized with radiation-killed Lactobacillus jensenii or L. crispatus whole cell preparations. A nanobody phage-display library was constructed and panned against bacterial preparations to identify nanobodies specific for each species. Nanobody-encoding DNA sequences were subcloned and the nanobodies were expressed, purified, and characterized. Colony immunoblots and flow cytometry showed that binding by Lj75 and Lj94 nanobodies were limited to a subset of L. jensenii strains while binding by Lc38 and Lc58 nanobodies were limited to L. crispatus strains. Mass spectrometry was used to demonstrate that Lj75 specifically bound a peptidase of L. jensenii, and that Lc58 bound an S-layer protein of L. crispatus. The utility of fluorescent nanobodies in evaluating multi-strain LBP potency assays was assessed by evaluating a L. crispatus and L. jensenii mixture by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and colony immunoblots. Our results showed that the fluorescent nanobody labelling enabled differentiation and quantitation of the strains in mixture by these methods. Development of these nanobody reagents represents a potential advance in LBP testing, informing the advancement of future LBP potency assays and, thereby, facilitation of clinical investigation of LBPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10799837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01662-y
Marina H Boshra, Ghadir S El-Housseiny, Mohammed M S Farag, Khaled M Aboshanab
Mycotoxins (MTs), produced by filamentous fungi, represent a severe hazard to the health of humans and food safety, affecting the quality of various agricultural products. They can contaminate a wide range of foods, during any processing phase before or after harvest. Animals and humans who consume MTs-contaminated food or feed may experience acute or chronic poisoning, which may result in serious pathological consequences. Accordingly, developing rapid, easy, and accurate methods of MTs detection in food becomes highly urgent and critical as a quality control and to guarantee food safety and lower health hazards. In this review, we highlighted and discussed innovative approaches like biosensors, fluorescent polarization, capillary electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, and electronic noses for MT identification pointing out current challenges and future directions. The limitations, current challenges, and future directions of conventional detection methods versus innovative methods have also been highlighted and discussed.
{"title":"Innovative approaches for mycotoxin detection in various food categories.","authors":"Marina H Boshra, Ghadir S El-Housseiny, Mohammed M S Farag, Khaled M Aboshanab","doi":"10.1186/s13568-024-01662-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-024-01662-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycotoxins (MTs), produced by filamentous fungi, represent a severe hazard to the health of humans and food safety, affecting the quality of various agricultural products. They can contaminate a wide range of foods, during any processing phase before or after harvest. Animals and humans who consume MTs-contaminated food or feed may experience acute or chronic poisoning, which may result in serious pathological consequences. Accordingly, developing rapid, easy, and accurate methods of MTs detection in food becomes highly urgent and critical as a quality control and to guarantee food safety and lower health hazards. In this review, we highlighted and discussed innovative approaches like biosensors, fluorescent polarization, capillary electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, and electronic noses for MT identification pointing out current challenges and future directions. The limitations, current challenges, and future directions of conventional detection methods versus innovative methods have also been highlighted and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10786816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139431844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01650-8
Juan Long, Yang Zeng, Fei Liang, Nan Liu, Yongzhi Xi, Yuying Sun, Xiao Zhao
The use of attenuated bacteria for oral delivery of DNA vaccines is a recent innovation. We designed and constructed the naked plasmid DNA vaccine pcDNA-CCOL2A1, which effectively prevented and treated a rheumatoid arthritis model by inducing immunotolerance. We aimed to ensure a reliable, controllable dosage of this oral DNA vaccine preparation and establish its stability. We transformed pcDNA-CCOL2A1 via electroporation into attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL7207. A resistant plate assay confirmed the successful construction of the transformed strain of the SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1 oral DNA vaccine. We verified its identification and stability in vitro and in vivo. Significant differences were observed in the characteristics of the transformed and blank SL7207 strains. No electrophoretic restriction patterns or direct sequencing signals were observed in the original extract of the transformed strain. However, target gene bands and sequence signals were successfully detected after PCR amplification. CCOL2A1 expression was detected in the ilea of BALB/c mice that were orally administered SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1. The pcDNA-CCOL2A1 plasmid of the transformed strain was retained under the resistant condition, and the transformed strain remained stable at 4 °C for 100 days. The concentration of the strain harboring the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 plasmid was stable at 109 CFU/mL after 6-8 h of incubation. The results demonstrated that the transformed strain SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1 can be expressed in vivo, has good stability, and may be used to prepare the oral DNA vaccine pcDNA-CCOL2A1 with a stable, controllable dosage and the capacity to provide oral immunization. This vehicle can effectively combine both oral immunotolerance and DNA vaccination.
利用减毒细菌口服 DNA 疫苗是近年来的一项创新。我们设计并构建了裸质粒 DNA 疫苗 pcDNA-CCOL2A1,它通过诱导免疫耐受有效预防和治疗类风湿性关节炎模型。我们的目标是确保这种口服 DNA 疫苗制剂的剂量可靠、可控,并确定其稳定性。我们通过电穿孔将 pcDNA-CCOL2A1 转化到减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 SL7207 中。耐药平板试验证实成功构建了 SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1 口服 DNA 疫苗的转化菌株。我们验证了其在体外和体内的鉴定和稳定性。我们观察到转化株和空白 SL7207 株的特性存在显著差异。在转化株的原始提取物中没有观察到电泳限制模式或直接测序信号。然而,PCR 扩增后成功检测到了目的基因条带和序列信号。在口服 SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1 的 BALB/c 小鼠回肠中检测到了 CCOL2A1 的表达。转化菌株的 pcDNA-CCOL2A1 质粒在耐药条件下得以保留,转化菌株在 4 °C 下可稳定存活 100 天。培养 6-8 h 后,pcDNA-CCOL2A1 质粒的浓度稳定在 109 CFU/mL。结果表明,转化菌株SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1可在体内表达,具有良好的稳定性,可用于制备口服DNA疫苗pcDNA-CCOL2A1,其剂量稳定、可控,具有口服免疫能力。这种载体能有效地将口服免疫耐受和 DNA 疫苗接种结合起来。
{"title":"Transformed Salmonella typhimurium SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1 as an orally administered DNA vaccine.","authors":"Juan Long, Yang Zeng, Fei Liang, Nan Liu, Yongzhi Xi, Yuying Sun, Xiao Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13568-023-01650-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-023-01650-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of attenuated bacteria for oral delivery of DNA vaccines is a recent innovation. We designed and constructed the naked plasmid DNA vaccine pcDNA-CCOL2A1, which effectively prevented and treated a rheumatoid arthritis model by inducing immunotolerance. We aimed to ensure a reliable, controllable dosage of this oral DNA vaccine preparation and establish its stability. We transformed pcDNA-CCOL2A1 via electroporation into attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL7207. A resistant plate assay confirmed the successful construction of the transformed strain of the SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1 oral DNA vaccine. We verified its identification and stability in vitro and in vivo. Significant differences were observed in the characteristics of the transformed and blank SL7207 strains. No electrophoretic restriction patterns or direct sequencing signals were observed in the original extract of the transformed strain. However, target gene bands and sequence signals were successfully detected after PCR amplification. CCOL2A1 expression was detected in the ilea of BALB/c mice that were orally administered SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1. The pcDNA-CCOL2A1 plasmid of the transformed strain was retained under the resistant condition, and the transformed strain remained stable at 4 °C for 100 days. The concentration of the strain harboring the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 plasmid was stable at 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/mL after 6-8 h of incubation. The results demonstrated that the transformed strain SL7207/pcDNA-CCOL2A1 can be expressed in vivo, has good stability, and may be used to prepare the oral DNA vaccine pcDNA-CCOL2A1 with a stable, controllable dosage and the capacity to provide oral immunization. This vehicle can effectively combine both oral immunotolerance and DNA vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10776540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139401362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01660-0
Yingjia Li, Hongbing Ma
Staphylococcus aureus is a major threat in infectious diseases due to its varied infection types and increased resistance. S. aureus could form persister cells under certain condition and could also attach on medical apparatus to form biofilms, which exhibited extremely high resistance to antibiotics. 3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a well-studied anti-tumor and antioxidant drug. This study is aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of AKBA against S. aureus and its persister cells and biofilms. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of AKBA was assessed by micro-dilution assay, disc diffusion assay and time-killing assay. Drug combination between AKBA and conventional antibiotics was detected by checkerboard assay. And the antibiofilm effects of AKBA against S. aureus were explored by crystal violet staining combined with SYTO/PI probes staining. Next, RBC lysis activity and CCK-8 kit were used to determine the cytotoxicity of AKBA. In addition, murine subcutaneous abscess model was used to assess the antimicrobial effects of AKBA in vivo. Our results revealed that AKBA was found to show effective antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with the minimal inhibitory concentration of 4-8 µg/mL with undetectable cytotoxicity. And no resistant mutation was induced by AKBA after 20 days of consecutive passage. Further, we found that AKBA could be synergy with gentamycin or amikacin against S. aureus and its clinical isolates. By crystal violet and SYTO9/PI staining, AKBA exhibited strong biofilm inhibitory and eradication effects at the concentration of 1 ~ 4 µg/mL. In addition, the effective antimicrobial effect was verified in vivo in a mouse model. And no detectable in vivo toxicity was found. These results indicated that AKBA has great potential to development as an alternative treatment for the refractory S. aureus infections.
{"title":"Drug repurposing: insights into the antimicrobial effects of AKBA against MRSA.","authors":"Yingjia Li, Hongbing Ma","doi":"10.1186/s13568-024-01660-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-024-01660-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staphylococcus aureus is a major threat in infectious diseases due to its varied infection types and increased resistance. S. aureus could form persister cells under certain condition and could also attach on medical apparatus to form biofilms, which exhibited extremely high resistance to antibiotics. 3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a well-studied anti-tumor and antioxidant drug. This study is aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of AKBA against S. aureus and its persister cells and biofilms. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of AKBA was assessed by micro-dilution assay, disc diffusion assay and time-killing assay. Drug combination between AKBA and conventional antibiotics was detected by checkerboard assay. And the antibiofilm effects of AKBA against S. aureus were explored by crystal violet staining combined with SYTO/PI probes staining. Next, RBC lysis activity and CCK-8 kit were used to determine the cytotoxicity of AKBA. In addition, murine subcutaneous abscess model was used to assess the antimicrobial effects of AKBA in vivo. Our results revealed that AKBA was found to show effective antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with the minimal inhibitory concentration of 4-8 µg/mL with undetectable cytotoxicity. And no resistant mutation was induced by AKBA after 20 days of consecutive passage. Further, we found that AKBA could be synergy with gentamycin or amikacin against S. aureus and its clinical isolates. By crystal violet and SYTO9/PI staining, AKBA exhibited strong biofilm inhibitory and eradication effects at the concentration of 1 ~ 4 µg/mL. In addition, the effective antimicrobial effect was verified in vivo in a mouse model. And no detectable in vivo toxicity was found. These results indicated that AKBA has great potential to development as an alternative treatment for the refractory S. aureus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01658-0
Yuxin Zhang, Basant Nada, Scott E Baker, James E Evans, Chaoguang Tian, J Philipp Benz, Elisabeth Tamayo
Classical fungal mutant strains obtained by mutagenesis have helped to elucidate fundamental metabolic pathways in the past. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, the gluc-1 strain was isolated long ago and characterized by its low level of β-glucosidase activity, which is essential for the degradation of cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and the main polymeric component of the plant cell wall. Based on genomic resequencing, we hypothesized that the causative mutation resides in the β-glucosidase gene gh3-3 (bgl6, NCU08755). In this work, growth patterns, enzymatic activities and sugar utilization rates were analyzed in several mutant and overexpression strains related to gluc-1 and gh3-3. In addition, different mutants affected in the degradation and transport of cellobiose were analyzed. While overexpression of gh3-3 led to the recovery of β-glucosidase activity in the gluc-1 mutant, as well as normal utilization of cellobiose, the full gene deletion strain Δgh3-3 was found to behave differently than gluc-1 with lower secreted β-glucosidase activity, indicating a dominant role of the amino acid substitution in the point mutated gh3-3 gene of gluc-1. Our results furthermore confirm that GH3-3 is the major extracellular β-glucosidase in N. crassa and demonstrate that the two cellodextrin transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2 are essential for growth on cellobiose when the three main N. crassa β-glucosidases are absent. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of cellulose utilization in filamentous fungi, being an essential step in the efficient production of biorefinable sugars from agricultural and forestry plant biomass.
{"title":"Unveiling a classical mutant in the context of the GH3 β-glucosidase family in Neurospora crassa.","authors":"Yuxin Zhang, Basant Nada, Scott E Baker, James E Evans, Chaoguang Tian, J Philipp Benz, Elisabeth Tamayo","doi":"10.1186/s13568-023-01658-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-023-01658-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classical fungal mutant strains obtained by mutagenesis have helped to elucidate fundamental metabolic pathways in the past. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, the gluc-1 strain was isolated long ago and characterized by its low level of β-glucosidase activity, which is essential for the degradation of cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and the main polymeric component of the plant cell wall. Based on genomic resequencing, we hypothesized that the causative mutation resides in the β-glucosidase gene gh3-3 (bgl6, NCU08755). In this work, growth patterns, enzymatic activities and sugar utilization rates were analyzed in several mutant and overexpression strains related to gluc-1 and gh3-3. In addition, different mutants affected in the degradation and transport of cellobiose were analyzed. While overexpression of gh3-3 led to the recovery of β-glucosidase activity in the gluc-1 mutant, as well as normal utilization of cellobiose, the full gene deletion strain Δgh3-3 was found to behave differently than gluc-1 with lower secreted β-glucosidase activity, indicating a dominant role of the amino acid substitution in the point mutated gh3-3 gene of gluc-1. Our results furthermore confirm that GH3-3 is the major extracellular β-glucosidase in N. crassa and demonstrate that the two cellodextrin transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2 are essential for growth on cellobiose when the three main N. crassa β-glucosidases are absent. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of cellulose utilization in filamentous fungi, being an essential step in the efficient production of biorefinable sugars from agricultural and forestry plant biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10770018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01657-1
Parnia Saeedi, Gilda Eslami, Masoud Tohidfar, AbbasAli Jafari-Nodushan, Mahmood Vakili
Giardiasis, which is caused by Giardia duodenalis, has clinical symptoms such as steatorrhea and can be very dangerous in children. In addition, some documents reported that this parasite is present inside the tissue of patients with cancer. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of some main genes important to apoptosis and anti-apoptosis in humans.Expression profile arrays of Genomic Spatial Event (GSE) 113666, GSE113667, and GSE113679 obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus were used for meta-analysis using R commands. Cytoscape and STRING databases used the protein-protein Interaction network. Then, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analysis was performed. Similar genes in Homo sapiens were identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis. The validation was performed on eight people using real-time Polymerase chain reaction. In addition to the candidate genes, the gene expression of some other genes, including Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1), Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS), and Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PIK3CA) were also examined. Analysis of the expression of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), Regenerating Islet-Derived 3 Gamma (REG3G), and REG3A genes did not show any difference between the two groups of healthy and diseased people. Examining the mean expression of the four genes AKT1, CDKN2A, KRAS, and PIK3CA showed that three genes of AKT1, CDKN2A, and KRAS had increased expression in people with a history of giardiasis compared to healthy people. We showed that the gene expression pattern differs in apoptosis and anti-apoptosis signaling in people with a history of giardiasis. Giardia duodenalis seems to induce post-non-infectious symptoms with stimulation of human gene expression.
{"title":"Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis in persons with a history of giardiasis.","authors":"Parnia Saeedi, Gilda Eslami, Masoud Tohidfar, AbbasAli Jafari-Nodushan, Mahmood Vakili","doi":"10.1186/s13568-023-01657-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-023-01657-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giardiasis, which is caused by Giardia duodenalis, has clinical symptoms such as steatorrhea and can be very dangerous in children. In addition, some documents reported that this parasite is present inside the tissue of patients with cancer. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of some main genes important to apoptosis and anti-apoptosis in humans.Expression profile arrays of Genomic Spatial Event (GSE) 113666, GSE113667, and GSE113679 obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus were used for meta-analysis using R commands. Cytoscape and STRING databases used the protein-protein Interaction network. Then, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analysis was performed. Similar genes in Homo sapiens were identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis. The validation was performed on eight people using real-time Polymerase chain reaction. In addition to the candidate genes, the gene expression of some other genes, including Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1), Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS), and Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PIK3CA) were also examined. Analysis of the expression of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), Regenerating Islet-Derived 3 Gamma (REG3G), and REG3A genes did not show any difference between the two groups of healthy and diseased people. Examining the mean expression of the four genes AKT1, CDKN2A, KRAS, and PIK3CA showed that three genes of AKT1, CDKN2A, and KRAS had increased expression in people with a history of giardiasis compared to healthy people. We showed that the gene expression pattern differs in apoptosis and anti-apoptosis signaling in people with a history of giardiasis. Giardia duodenalis seems to induce post-non-infectious symptoms with stimulation of human gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10764694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139085529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01656-2
Erfan Ghaderian, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Parisa Mousavi, Maryam Pourhajibagher, Mohammad Mohsen Homayouni, Mohammad Zeinali
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Existing anti-leishmanial treatments are not effective for a long time and associated with toxic side effects so searching for a new, effective and safe alternative treatments against infectious diseases is greatly needed. This study is aimed to assess the leishmaniacidal effects of methanolic extracts of Eryngium planum (E. planum) and Ecbilliun elaterum (E. elaterum) on Leishmania major (L. major), In vitro. The selected plants were collected from northern areas of Iran. The methanolic extract from the aerial parts of plants were prepared using maceration methods. GC- Mass analysis was used to determine the compounds of the plants. Promastigotes of L. major was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and the anti-leishmanial and cytotoxicity effects of extracts at concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 µg/ml were assessed using MTT assay. The data obtained from gas chromatography revealed that α-Pinene, Caryophyllene oxide, β-Caryophyllene, Bicyclogermacrene and α-Bisabolol are the main compounds extracted from E. planum and α-Pinene, Germacrene D, Caryophyllene oxide, γ-Eudesmol and α-Bisabolol are the main components of E. elaterum. The results of MTT Assay revealed that E. planum at concentrations of 800 µg/ml after 24 h at 400 µg/ml after 48 h and the E. elaterium at concentrations of 800 µg/ml after 48 h at 400 µg/ml after 72 h had similar anti-leishmanial effects to the positive control. These results indicated that E. planum and E. elaterum are the potential sources for the discovery of novel anti-leishmanial treatments.
利什曼病是一种病媒传染病,也是最重要的被忽视热带疾病之一。现有的抗利什曼病治疗方法长期无效,并伴有毒副作用,因此亟需寻找一种新的、有效和安全的替代治疗方法来对抗传染病。本研究旨在评估 Eryngium planum(E. planum)和 Ecbilliun elaterum(E. elaterum)的甲醇提取物在体外对利什曼原虫的杀利什曼作用。所选植物采自伊朗北部地区。采用浸渍法从植物的气生部分制备甲醇提取物。采用气相色谱-质谱分析法确定植物中的化合物。在 RPMI-1640 培养基中培养大鼠原虫,使用 MTT 法评估浓度为 100、200、400 和 800 µg/ml 的提取物的抗利什曼病和细胞毒性作用。气相色谱法获得的数据显示,α-蒎烯、氧化叶黄素、β-叶黄素、双环抱烯和α-二苯酚是从 E. planum 中提取的主要化合物,而 α-蒎烯、芽烯 D、氧化叶黄素、γ-桉叶油醇和 α-二苯酚则是从 E. elaterum 中提取的主要成分。MTT 试验结果表明,24 小时后浓度为 800 微克/毫升、48 小时后浓度为 400 微克/毫升的 E. planum 和 48 小时后浓度为 800 微克/毫升、72 小时后浓度为 400 微克/毫升的 E. elaterium 与阳性对照具有相似的抗利什曼病效果。这些结果表明,E. planum 和 E. elaterum 是发现新型抗利什曼病疗法的潜在来源。
{"title":"Anti-leishmanial effects of Eryngium planum and Ecbilliun elaterum methanolic extract against Leishmania major.","authors":"Erfan Ghaderian, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Parisa Mousavi, Maryam Pourhajibagher, Mohammad Mohsen Homayouni, Mohammad Zeinali","doi":"10.1186/s13568-023-01656-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-023-01656-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Existing anti-leishmanial treatments are not effective for a long time and associated with toxic side effects so searching for a new, effective and safe alternative treatments against infectious diseases is greatly needed. This study is aimed to assess the leishmaniacidal effects of methanolic extracts of Eryngium planum (E. planum) and Ecbilliun elaterum (E. elaterum) on Leishmania major (L. major), In vitro. The selected plants were collected from northern areas of Iran. The methanolic extract from the aerial parts of plants were prepared using maceration methods. GC- Mass analysis was used to determine the compounds of the plants. Promastigotes of L. major was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and the anti-leishmanial and cytotoxicity effects of extracts at concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 µg/ml were assessed using MTT assay. The data obtained from gas chromatography revealed that α-Pinene, Caryophyllene oxide, β-Caryophyllene, Bicyclogermacrene and α-Bisabolol are the main compounds extracted from E. planum and α-Pinene, Germacrene D, Caryophyllene oxide, γ-Eudesmol and α-Bisabolol are the main components of E. elaterum. The results of MTT Assay revealed that E. planum at concentrations of 800 µg/ml after 24 h at 400 µg/ml after 48 h and the E. elaterium at concentrations of 800 µg/ml after 48 h at 400 µg/ml after 72 h had similar anti-leishmanial effects to the positive control. These results indicated that E. planum and E. elaterum are the potential sources for the discovery of novel anti-leishmanial treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10764691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139085527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}