Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2024.20.30
Bela Putra, Budi Prasetya
: This study aims to assess the radiosensitivity of Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott, with the primary objectives of determining the LD50 value, evaluating the effects of gamma radiation doses on plant growth and diversity, and elucidating the specific goals of irradiation in relation to the overall research. The research encompasses a wide range of radiation doses, ranging from 0-400 Gy, including multiple double doses ( 2 Gy). The investigation involved irradiating Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott seeds (cuttings) and observing their seed germination capacity after one month. This research was conducted with rigorous scientific methodology, involving five replicates, each consisting of 100 plants. The study was carried out in marginal land conditions with a pH range of 4.5-5. These specific experimental conditions were chosen to simulate real-world scenarios and provide valuable insights into the radiosensitivity of Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott under conditions similar to those found in marginal agricultural areas. It is noteworthy that this study represents a novel contribution to the field of radiosensitivity in plants, as it differs significantly from previous research endeavors. This research offers a fresh perspective and distinctive findings that set it apart from prior studies. In addressing ethical standards, it is essential to note that this study strictly adhered to ethical considerations, particularly regarding the use of radiation on plants. All procedures were carried out in accordance with established ethical guidelines and compliance with radiation safety protocols. The findings reveal that radiation doses significantly influence seed germination and the morphology of leaves, stems, and roots in Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott. The study indicates that the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) for Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott is approximately 28.79 Gy. Furthermore, a diverse range of traits, including leaf count, leaf length, plant height, stem length, and stem diameter, exhibit varying degrees of heritability, with coefficients of genetic variation (KKG) ranging from low to very high. In conclusion, this comprehensive and novel study sheds light on the impact of gamma radiation doses on Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott. The results are instrumental in understanding the radiosensitivity of this plant species and hold potential applications in agronomy, especially in marginal land cultivation. Furthermore, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of radiation effects on plants, specifically within the context of Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott in marginal land conditions while adhering to ethical standards and introducing novel insights into the field.
{"title":"Radiosensitivity Assessment and the Impact of Gamma Radiation on the Growth and Diversity of Pennisetum purpureum Cv Mot in Marginal Land","authors":"Bela Putra, Budi Prasetya","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2024.20.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2024.20.30","url":null,"abstract":": This study aims to assess the radiosensitivity of Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott, with the primary objectives of determining the LD50 value, evaluating the effects of gamma radiation doses on plant growth and diversity, and elucidating the specific goals of irradiation in relation to the overall research. The research encompasses a wide range of radiation doses, ranging from 0-400 Gy, including multiple double doses ( 2 Gy). The investigation involved irradiating Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott seeds (cuttings) and observing their seed germination capacity after one month. This research was conducted with rigorous scientific methodology, involving five replicates, each consisting of 100 plants. The study was carried out in marginal land conditions with a pH range of 4.5-5. These specific experimental conditions were chosen to simulate real-world scenarios and provide valuable insights into the radiosensitivity of Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott under conditions similar to those found in marginal agricultural areas. It is noteworthy that this study represents a novel contribution to the field of radiosensitivity in plants, as it differs significantly from previous research endeavors. This research offers a fresh perspective and distinctive findings that set it apart from prior studies. In addressing ethical standards, it is essential to note that this study strictly adhered to ethical considerations, particularly regarding the use of radiation on plants. All procedures were carried out in accordance with established ethical guidelines and compliance with radiation safety protocols. The findings reveal that radiation doses significantly influence seed germination and the morphology of leaves, stems, and roots in Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott. The study indicates that the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) for Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott is approximately 28.79 Gy. Furthermore, a diverse range of traits, including leaf count, leaf length, plant height, stem length, and stem diameter, exhibit varying degrees of heritability, with coefficients of genetic variation (KKG) ranging from low to very high. In conclusion, this comprehensive and novel study sheds light on the impact of gamma radiation doses on Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott. The results are instrumental in understanding the radiosensitivity of this plant species and hold potential applications in agronomy, especially in marginal land cultivation. Furthermore, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of radiation effects on plants, specifically within the context of Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott in marginal land conditions while adhering to ethical standards and introducing novel insights into the field.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waleed J. A. Al-kelaby, Zahraa S. M. Al Kaabi, H. A. Al-hussaniy
: The histological makeup of the pancreas in immature male and female Iraqi blackbuck ( Caprus hircus ) has not been well described. We aimed to describe the histological features of the pancreas in immature male and female Iraqi blackbuck. Samples were collected from 20 immature male and female animals' pancreas, obtained from the Al-Najaf slaughterhouse. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed using standard histological methods, and stained with Gomori's, weigart's, Harris hematoxylin, eosin, and maldonad's stains (LOBA Chemie laboratory reagents and fine chemicals). The study showed that the goblet cells were underdeveloped and crowded, while the centroacinar cell's position and characteristics might indicate that these cells are involved in the transport of fluids and secretions within the duct system. The mean distribution of the total number of Langerhans islets' cells was similar across all groups (males and females), with no discernible variances. Morphometric analysis of the Langerhans islets revealed no differences in the distribution of islets between any of the studied groups in the right, left, or body of the pancreas. The histological analysis of the pancreas in immature male and female Iraqi blackbuck showed unique features regarding the arrangement of the islets of Langerhans, goblet cells, and centroacinar cells. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of the physiology and pathology of the pancreas in this species.
{"title":"Histochemical Study of Immature Blackbuck Pancreas in Al-Najaf, Iraq","authors":"Waleed J. A. Al-kelaby, Zahraa S. M. Al Kaabi, H. A. Al-hussaniy","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2024.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2024.1.6","url":null,"abstract":": The histological makeup of the pancreas in immature male and female Iraqi blackbuck ( Caprus hircus ) has not been well described. We aimed to describe the histological features of the pancreas in immature male and female Iraqi blackbuck. Samples were collected from 20 immature male and female animals' pancreas, obtained from the Al-Najaf slaughterhouse. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed using standard histological methods, and stained with Gomori's, weigart's, Harris hematoxylin, eosin, and maldonad's stains (LOBA Chemie laboratory reagents and fine chemicals). The study showed that the goblet cells were underdeveloped and crowded, while the centroacinar cell's position and characteristics might indicate that these cells are involved in the transport of fluids and secretions within the duct system. The mean distribution of the total number of Langerhans islets' cells was similar across all groups (males and females), with no discernible variances. Morphometric analysis of the Langerhans islets revealed no differences in the distribution of islets between any of the studied groups in the right, left, or body of the pancreas. The histological analysis of the pancreas in immature male and female Iraqi blackbuck showed unique features regarding the arrangement of the islets of Langerhans, goblet cells, and centroacinar cells. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of the physiology and pathology of the pancreas in this species.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2024.31.42
Sophany Morm, A. Lunpha, Ruangyote Pillajun, A. Cherdthong
: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dried Cassava top Fermented Cassava pulp (CtFCp) on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal parameters, and blood metabolites in Thai native x low-line Angus crossbred cattle. Twelve females of Thai native x lowline angus crossbred cattle were assigned an Initial Body Weight of 99.50±9.83 kg IBW. Dietary treatments were assigned in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD(, with three treatments of four replications, each containing four calves and a 90-day feeding trial. Feeding treatments were (1) 100% concentrate (Control), (2) 100% Concentrate +50% dried Cassava top Fermented Cassava pulp (CtFCp-50), and (3) 100% concentrate + dried Cassava top Fermented Cassava pulp fed freely (CtFCp -ad libitum ). The variance analysis was used to assess the data and the treatment mean was compared using the Ducan Multiple Ranging Test (DMRT). The results demonstrated that Average Daily Gain (ADG) was significantly increased by groups fed CtFCp-50 and CtFCp-ad libitum compared to control (p<0.05). The total feed intake between groups was unchanged (p>0.05) but %BW (p<0.001). In addition, the average feed intake of %BW (p<0.001). Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) revealed that groups CtFCp-50 and CtFCp-ad libitum were greater than control (p<0.01). Acetic acid (C 2 ) and propionic acid (C 3 ) were not affected during the 90-d of each group (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the proportion of C 2 /C 3 in the groups Control and CtFCp-ad libitum was greater than CtFCp-50 at 45 days (p<0.05), but at 90 days was not different (p>0.05). In conclusion, CtFCp-50 and CtFCp-ad libitum are suitable roughage direct supplies for cattle that could improve feed effectiveness, growth performance, and digestibility.
{"title":"Blood Metabolites, Feed Utilization and Performance in Thai Native X Lowline Angus Crossbred Cattle Fed Cassava Byproducts","authors":"Sophany Morm, A. Lunpha, Ruangyote Pillajun, A. Cherdthong","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2024.31.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2024.31.42","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dried Cassava top Fermented Cassava pulp (CtFCp) on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal parameters, and blood metabolites in Thai native x low-line Angus crossbred cattle. Twelve females of Thai native x lowline angus crossbred cattle were assigned an Initial Body Weight of 99.50±9.83 kg IBW. Dietary treatments were assigned in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD(, with three treatments of four replications, each containing four calves and a 90-day feeding trial. Feeding treatments were (1) 100% concentrate (Control), (2) 100% Concentrate +50% dried Cassava top Fermented Cassava pulp (CtFCp-50), and (3) 100% concentrate + dried Cassava top Fermented Cassava pulp fed freely (CtFCp -ad libitum ). The variance analysis was used to assess the data and the treatment mean was compared using the Ducan Multiple Ranging Test (DMRT). The results demonstrated that Average Daily Gain (ADG) was significantly increased by groups fed CtFCp-50 and CtFCp-ad libitum compared to control (p<0.05). The total feed intake between groups was unchanged (p>0.05) but %BW (p<0.001). In addition, the average feed intake of %BW (p<0.001). Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) revealed that groups CtFCp-50 and CtFCp-ad libitum were greater than control (p<0.01). Acetic acid (C 2 ) and propionic acid (C 3 ) were not affected during the 90-d of each group (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the proportion of C 2 /C 3 in the groups Control and CtFCp-ad libitum was greater than CtFCp-50 at 45 days (p<0.05), but at 90 days was not different (p>0.05). In conclusion, CtFCp-50 and CtFCp-ad libitum are suitable roughage direct supplies for cattle that could improve feed effectiveness, growth performance, and digestibility.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"143 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139128330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2024.43.57
Nidhi Yadav, Ravi Kant Upadhyay
: In the present study, salivary toxins from Rhipicephalus microplus were isolated and purified on a Sepharose CL 6B 200 gel column at a constant flow rate with regular fractions of 5 mL/min. Pooled fractions were lyophilized and LD 50 was then determined in albino mice. The LD 50 value of the protein toxin of Rhipicephalus microplus was found 36.11 mg/kg body weight of albino mice. To determine physiological effects, a sub-lethal dose of Rhipicephalus microplus toxin and 40-80% 24 h LD 50 of salivary toxin were injected into albino mice. In different biological assays, total serum protein, free amino acids, uric acid, cholesterol, pyruvic acid, total serum lipids and glucose levels were determined at different stages. In addition, the effects of toxins purified from tick saliva were observed on the rectus abdomens, gastrocnemius, muscles, atria and ventricles of albino rats and muscle glycogen. A significant increase in bimolecular activity was observed in the serum, liver and muscle of albino mice. The group injected with the saliva toxin showed an increase in serum protein content of 79.70% while the content of free amino acids, uric acid, cholesterol, pyruvic acid, total lipids and glucose all increased correspondingly. Toxins from tick saliva broke down glycogen stores in the liver, abdominal muscles, stomach muscles, atria and ventricles of albino mice. Toxins in tick saliva significantly reduced glycogen concentrations (67-82%) in the serum, liver, muscle and ventricles of albino mice. These effects were due to the presence of low molecular weight proteins that act on the membrane and interfere with muscle cell function in albino mice. These proteins could be used for drug development and target molecules for the generation of transmission-blocking vaccines or anti-tick vaccines.
{"title":"Effects of Purified Tick Saliva Toxins on Various Bio-Molecules in Blood Serum, Liver and Muscles of Albino Mice","authors":"Nidhi Yadav, Ravi Kant Upadhyay","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2024.43.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2024.43.57","url":null,"abstract":": In the present study, salivary toxins from Rhipicephalus microplus were isolated and purified on a Sepharose CL 6B 200 gel column at a constant flow rate with regular fractions of 5 mL/min. Pooled fractions were lyophilized and LD 50 was then determined in albino mice. The LD 50 value of the protein toxin of Rhipicephalus microplus was found 36.11 mg/kg body weight of albino mice. To determine physiological effects, a sub-lethal dose of Rhipicephalus microplus toxin and 40-80% 24 h LD 50 of salivary toxin were injected into albino mice. In different biological assays, total serum protein, free amino acids, uric acid, cholesterol, pyruvic acid, total serum lipids and glucose levels were determined at different stages. In addition, the effects of toxins purified from tick saliva were observed on the rectus abdomens, gastrocnemius, muscles, atria and ventricles of albino rats and muscle glycogen. A significant increase in bimolecular activity was observed in the serum, liver and muscle of albino mice. The group injected with the saliva toxin showed an increase in serum protein content of 79.70% while the content of free amino acids, uric acid, cholesterol, pyruvic acid, total lipids and glucose all increased correspondingly. Toxins from tick saliva broke down glycogen stores in the liver, abdominal muscles, stomach muscles, atria and ventricles of albino mice. Toxins in tick saliva significantly reduced glycogen concentrations (67-82%) in the serum, liver, muscle and ventricles of albino mice. These effects were due to the presence of low molecular weight proteins that act on the membrane and interfere with muscle cell function in albino mice. These proteins could be used for drug development and target molecules for the generation of transmission-blocking vaccines or anti-tick vaccines.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"33 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2024.7.12
Vladimir Zaitsev, V. Korotkiy, Nadezhda Bogolyubova, Lilia Zaitseva, Viktor Ryzhov
{"title":"Prevention of Heat Stress in Lactating Cows","authors":"Vladimir Zaitsev, V. Korotkiy, Nadezhda Bogolyubova, Lilia Zaitseva, Viktor Ryzhov","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2024.7.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2024.7.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139128216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2024.13.19
T. D. Hoan, D. T. Thao, N. Nguyen, Wang Bin, Nguyen Luan
: The nine-day-old Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) chicken embryos were inoculated with the XDC-2 strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV). 50% Embryo Infectious Dose (EID 50 ) and pathological lesions were detected in the developing embryo. At the same time, 18-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with the same strain of IBV in case of 5 chickens were injected with sterile PBS (1X, pH 7.4) as control and the chickens were checked daily for the symptoms. At 14 days’ post-challenge, all the chicks were slaughtered, the pathological examinations and the virus was detected by RT-PCR. The results indicated that the virus caused dwarfism and death of the embryo after 3 days of post-challenge. The EID 50 of the virus was estimated to be 5×10 -5.33 /mL. All the experimental chickens showed the symptoms after 3 days of infection such as depression, ruffled feathers, and slight diarrhea. The dead chickens were examined for gross lesions, which showed kidney enlargement, nephropathy, and massive uric acid salt deposits. Histopathological examination revealed that the kidney had tubular ectasia, glassy degeneration of epithelial cells, endothelial cell necrosis and exfoliation in some vessel lumens, monocyte infiltration, hyperemia, and hemorrhage in the renal interstitium. The virus was isolated and detected in the kidney by RT-PCR. It indicated the IBV XDC-2 was a predominantly nephrotoxic infectious bronchitis virus.
{"title":"Identification of a Nephropathogenic Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Some Northern Provinces in Vietnam","authors":"T. D. Hoan, D. T. Thao, N. Nguyen, Wang Bin, Nguyen Luan","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2024.13.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2024.13.19","url":null,"abstract":": The nine-day-old Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) chicken embryos were inoculated with the XDC-2 strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV). 50% Embryo Infectious Dose (EID 50 ) and pathological lesions were detected in the developing embryo. At the same time, 18-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with the same strain of IBV in case of 5 chickens were injected with sterile PBS (1X, pH 7.4) as control and the chickens were checked daily for the symptoms. At 14 days’ post-challenge, all the chicks were slaughtered, the pathological examinations and the virus was detected by RT-PCR. The results indicated that the virus caused dwarfism and death of the embryo after 3 days of post-challenge. The EID 50 of the virus was estimated to be 5×10 -5.33 /mL. All the experimental chickens showed the symptoms after 3 days of infection such as depression, ruffled feathers, and slight diarrhea. The dead chickens were examined for gross lesions, which showed kidney enlargement, nephropathy, and massive uric acid salt deposits. Histopathological examination revealed that the kidney had tubular ectasia, glassy degeneration of epithelial cells, endothelial cell necrosis and exfoliation in some vessel lumens, monocyte infiltration, hyperemia, and hemorrhage in the renal interstitium. The virus was isolated and detected in the kidney by RT-PCR. It indicated the IBV XDC-2 was a predominantly nephrotoxic infectious bronchitis virus.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Apis mellifera carnica is the most prevalent bee population distributed in the different climate zones of Kazakhstan. In this study, ten bee colonies of the A.m. carnica breed from six bee farms were selected for research, from six climate zones: Desert, semi-desert, steppe, forest-steppe, foothill, and mountain, and different regions: Southern, northern, eastern, western Kazakhstan. During the period of full activity, 30 samples of the right front wings, legs, proboscis, hooks, sternite, and tergite were taken from each bee family. The obtained experimental material was processed by methods of variational statistics (variational series, arithmetic mean, arithmetic mean error, Coefficient of Variation (CV), and correlation coefficient). The results revealed that the highest value of the cubital index was found in bee samples living in a semi-desert, while no significant differences were recorded between the dumbbell index indicators of the bee samples from different zones. The discoidal displacement value was the highest in bees of the semi-desert. A significant (p<0.05) difference was established between the indicators of this trait in bees in forest-steppe, foothill, and mountain zones. According to the development of exterior features, the bee populations were divided into 4 zones. Thus, the highest proboscis length and sternite length and width were found in bees of the foothill. The highest tergite width and length, wax mirror length and width, and the number of hooks were in the bees of the steppe zone. The tarsal index was developed in bees living in the mountain zone and the length and width of the right wing were developed in bees living in the forest-steppe zone. The acquired abilities can be inherited in the future, which will allow the creation of new ecotypes through breeding work.
{"title":"Climate Zones and Morphometric Parameters of Apis mellifera carnica Bees","authors":"Zhanar Sheralieva, Ulzhan Nuraliyeva, Talgat Karymsakov, Kadyrbay Tadzhiyev, Gaukhar Moldakhmetova, Aigul Tadzhiyeva","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.243.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.243.248","url":null,"abstract":"The Apis mellifera carnica is the most prevalent bee population distributed in the different climate zones of Kazakhstan. In this study, ten bee colonies of the A.m. carnica breed from six bee farms were selected for research, from six climate zones: Desert, semi-desert, steppe, forest-steppe, foothill, and mountain, and different regions: Southern, northern, eastern, western Kazakhstan. During the period of full activity, 30 samples of the right front wings, legs, proboscis, hooks, sternite, and tergite were taken from each bee family. The obtained experimental material was processed by methods of variational statistics (variational series, arithmetic mean, arithmetic mean error, Coefficient of Variation (CV), and correlation coefficient). The results revealed that the highest value of the cubital index was found in bee samples living in a semi-desert, while no significant differences were recorded between the dumbbell index indicators of the bee samples from different zones. The discoidal displacement value was the highest in bees of the semi-desert. A significant (p<0.05) difference was established between the indicators of this trait in bees in forest-steppe, foothill, and mountain zones. According to the development of exterior features, the bee populations were divided into 4 zones. Thus, the highest proboscis length and sternite length and width were found in bees of the foothill. The highest tergite width and length, wax mirror length and width, and the number of hooks were in the bees of the steppe zone. The tarsal index was developed in bees living in the mountain zone and the length and width of the right wing were developed in bees living in the forest-steppe zone. The acquired abilities can be inherited in the future, which will allow the creation of new ecotypes through breeding work.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Invasive diseases of sheep are widespread worldwide, including in Kazakhstan. Recently, in the Akmola farms of Kazakhstan, there has been an increase in the spread of gastrointestinal diseases in sheep. The study aimed to assess the Prevalence (P) of sheep parasitosis in Northern Kazakhstan to develop effective prevention and control measures. Five-hundred and sixty-four sheep were studied in four rural districts and three economic entities located on the territory of the Tselinograd district of the Akmola for the presence of Ecto and endoparasites. The most frequent parasites were Nematoda such as Trichostrongylidae spp., Nematodirus spp., Skrjabinema ovis, Cestoda such as Moniezia spp., protozoa such as Eimeria spp., arthropods such as Melophagus ovinus, Bovicolaovis and Dermacentor and Wohlfarthia magnifica larvae. The P of Trichostrongylidae spp., Moniezia spp., Eimeria spp., Melophagus ovinus, Bovicola ovis, Dermacentor, and Wohlfarthia magnifica in small cattle of the study area were 77.1, 23.0, 55.4, 50.5, 62.6, 34.3 and 13.1%, respectively. For the first time, Skrjabinema ovis with P = 3.1% and an intensity of 150±22 eggs/g and Trichuris ovis with P = 4.7% and an intensity of 350±23 eggs/g were recorded in sheep in the Akmola region. For the successful development of industrial sheep breeding, as well as optimal animal husbandry in individual farms, it is necessary to provide animals with high-quality feed and maintenance, as well as take measures to reduce infectious and invasive diseases.
{"title":"Prevalence of Endo and Ectoparasitism of Sheep in Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"Dinara Seitkamzina, Botakoz Akmambaeva, Gulmira Abulgazimova, Botakoz Yelemessova, Altay Ussenbayev, Kakim Omarov, Меreke Tokaeva, Yasmin Zhakiyanova, Assylbek Zhanabayev","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.223.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.223.228","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive diseases of sheep are widespread worldwide, including in Kazakhstan. Recently, in the Akmola farms of Kazakhstan, there has been an increase in the spread of gastrointestinal diseases in sheep. The study aimed to assess the Prevalence (P) of sheep parasitosis in Northern Kazakhstan to develop effective prevention and control measures. Five-hundred and sixty-four sheep were studied in four rural districts and three economic entities located on the territory of the Tselinograd district of the Akmola for the presence of Ecto and endoparasites. The most frequent parasites were Nematoda such as Trichostrongylidae spp., Nematodirus spp., Skrjabinema ovis, Cestoda such as Moniezia spp., protozoa such as Eimeria spp., arthropods such as Melophagus ovinus, Bovicolaovis and Dermacentor and Wohlfarthia magnifica larvae. The P of Trichostrongylidae spp., Moniezia spp., Eimeria spp., Melophagus ovinus, Bovicola ovis, Dermacentor, and Wohlfarthia magnifica in small cattle of the study area were 77.1, 23.0, 55.4, 50.5, 62.6, 34.3 and 13.1%, respectively. For the first time, Skrjabinema ovis with P = 3.1% and an intensity of 150±22 eggs/g and Trichuris ovis with P = 4.7% and an intensity of 350±23 eggs/g were recorded in sheep in the Akmola region. For the successful development of industrial sheep breeding, as well as optimal animal husbandry in individual farms, it is necessary to provide animals with high-quality feed and maintenance, as well as take measures to reduce infectious and invasive diseases.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manure usually consists of a mixture of livestock feces and urine, which also contains macro elements such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphate (P), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), and Calcium (Ca) as well as the microelement Manganese (Mn). This study aims to determine the in-vitro influence of the digestibility of dry matter, digestibility of organic matter, crude protein digestibility, and crude fiber digestibility on elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Thailand supplemented with cow feces and inoculated with AMF on ultisol soil. We used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were A administration of cow feces fertilizer (5 tons/ha) + fertilizer N, P, K, B cow feces fertilizer (5 tons/ha) + AMF (10 g/clump), C cow feces fertilizer (10 tons/ha) + AMF (10 g/clump), D cow feces fertilizer (15 tons/ha) + AMF (10 g/clump) and E cow feces fertilizer (20 tons/ha) + AMF (10 g/clump). We observed some parameters such as the digestibility of Dry Matter (DM), Organic Matter (OM), Crude Protein (CP), and Crude Fiber (CF) in-vitro. The results showed that the administration of cow feces fertilizers gave significantly different results (p<0.05) on digestibility (DM, OM, CP, and CF). Average DM digestibility (57.15-57.69), OM digestibility (57.38-58.72), CP digestibility (60.85-61.13), and CF digestibility (60.08-61.03%). We concluded that the application of 5 tons/ha of cow feces fertilizer +10 g of AMF resulted in relatively the same digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and CF so that it could replace 100% of N, P, and K fertilizers.
粪肥通常由牲畜粪便和尿液的混合物组成，其中还含有大量元素，如氮(N)、磷酸盐(P)、钾(K)、镁(Mg)和钙(Ca)以及微量元素锰(Mn)。本试验旨在研究干物质消化率、有机物消化率、粗蛋白质消化率和粗纤维消化率对象草(Pennisetum purpureum) cv的体外影响。泰国补充牛粪，在多土土壤上接种AMF。我们采用完全随机设计(CRD)， 5个处理，4个重复。试验处理为:A牛粪肥(5 t /ha) + N、P、K、B牛粪肥(5 t /ha) + AMF (10 g/ ha)、C牛粪肥(10 t /ha) + AMF (10 g/ ha)、D牛粪肥(15 t /ha) + AMF (10 g/ ha)、E牛粪肥(20 t /ha) + AMF (10 g/ ha)。我们在体外观察了干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和粗纤维(CF)的消化率。结果表明，饲喂牛粪肥对消化率(DM、OM、CP和CF)有显著影响(p<0.05)。平均DM消化率(57.15 ~ 57.69)、OM消化率(57.38 ~ 58.72)、CP消化率(60.85 ~ 61.13)、CF消化率(60.08 ~ 61.03%)。综上所述，施用5 t /ha牛粪肥+10 g AMF对DM、OM、CP和CF的消化率基本相同，可100%替代N、P、K肥料。
{"title":"The Digestibility of Pennisetum purpureum Cv. Thailand Concerning Cowdung Supplementation and Arbuscula Mycorrhizal Inoculation","authors":"None Evitayani, Lili Warly, Armina Fariani, Bela Putra, Arni Amir, None Afriwardi","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.166.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.166.172","url":null,"abstract":"Manure usually consists of a mixture of livestock feces and urine, which also contains macro elements such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphate (P), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), and Calcium (Ca) as well as the microelement Manganese (Mn). This study aims to determine the in-vitro influence of the digestibility of dry matter, digestibility of organic matter, crude protein digestibility, and crude fiber digestibility on elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Thailand supplemented with cow feces and inoculated with AMF on ultisol soil. We used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were A administration of cow feces fertilizer (5 tons/ha) + fertilizer N, P, K, B cow feces fertilizer (5 tons/ha) + AMF (10 g/clump), C cow feces fertilizer (10 tons/ha) + AMF (10 g/clump), D cow feces fertilizer (15 tons/ha) + AMF (10 g/clump) and E cow feces fertilizer (20 tons/ha) + AMF (10 g/clump). We observed some parameters such as the digestibility of Dry Matter (DM), Organic Matter (OM), Crude Protein (CP), and Crude Fiber (CF) in-vitro. The results showed that the administration of cow feces fertilizers gave significantly different results (p<0.05) on digestibility (DM, OM, CP, and CF). Average DM digestibility (57.15-57.69), OM digestibility (57.38-58.72), CP digestibility (60.85-61.13), and CF digestibility (60.08-61.03%). We concluded that the application of 5 tons/ha of cow feces fertilizer +10 g of AMF resulted in relatively the same digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and CF so that it could replace 100% of N, P, and K fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"480 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tropical alfalfa is a cultivar of alfalfa with high protein content and good adaptability with the local name Kacang Ratu BW. The supplementation of duck feed with tropical alfalfa or Kacang Ratu BW may reduce the cholesterol levels in duck meat with the presence of saponin. This study aimed to determine the effects of Kacang Ratu BW supplementation on egg cholesterol and meat quality in layer chickens. A total of 60 hyline brown chickens, aged 26 weeks, were reared at three different rearing periods and sacrificed at 38 weeks. The feed treatments were P0 (Basal ration), P1 (Basal ration +1% Kacang Ratu BW) and P2 (Basal ration +3% Kacang Ratu BW). The measured parameters were meat quality (carcass and chemical quality), yolk quality (water, crude protein, and fat contents), and cholesterol level (yolk and blood). The results showed that Kacang Ratu BW supplementation significantly influenced egg yolk cholesterol and meat fat. However, the water and protein contents of the meat and eggs were not affected. Our findings indicated that feed supplemented with Kacang Ratu BW reduced the egg yolk cholesterol and the fat content of the layer of chicken meat.
{"title":"Effect of Tropical Alfalfa on Cholesterol (Egg and Blood) and Layer Chicken Meat Quality","authors":"Bambang Suwignyo, Eprilia Aristia Rini, Heru Sasongko, Bambang Ariyadi, Siti Helmyati","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.229.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.229.234","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical alfalfa is a cultivar of alfalfa with high protein content and good adaptability with the local name Kacang Ratu BW. The supplementation of duck feed with tropical alfalfa or Kacang Ratu BW may reduce the cholesterol levels in duck meat with the presence of saponin. This study aimed to determine the effects of Kacang Ratu BW supplementation on egg cholesterol and meat quality in layer chickens. A total of 60 hyline brown chickens, aged 26 weeks, were reared at three different rearing periods and sacrificed at 38 weeks. The feed treatments were P0 (Basal ration), P1 (Basal ration +1% Kacang Ratu BW) and P2 (Basal ration +3% Kacang Ratu BW). The measured parameters were meat quality (carcass and chemical quality), yolk quality (water, crude protein, and fat contents), and cholesterol level (yolk and blood). The results showed that Kacang Ratu BW supplementation significantly influenced egg yolk cholesterol and meat fat. However, the water and protein contents of the meat and eggs were not affected. Our findings indicated that feed supplemented with Kacang Ratu BW reduced the egg yolk cholesterol and the fat content of the layer of chicken meat.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"688 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：