Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.199.209
Abenezer Wendimu, Wondimagegnehu Tekalign
Beef cattle farming is an integral part of livelihood for rural and urban smallholder farmers in developing countries. We aimed to describe the cattle farming practices in selected communities of Diguna Fango district, Wolaita Zone, and Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected with pretested, semi-structured questionnaires applying a cross-sectional study. A stratified sampling was used to select a total of 180 fatteners from the three communities. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The most cited forages for fattening cattle in the dry season were hay and wheat seeds, 180 (100% each), and fresh kidney bean and maize shoot system in the wet season, 180 (100% each). Rivers (75%) and ponds (84%) were the dominant sources of water. The body frame selection criteria had a significant (p = 0.021) effect on the weight gain and determined the fattening period. The breed that was most preferred (100%) was Wolaita sangga. Trypanosomiasis (57.77%) was the highest disease burden in the study area. Lack of clean potable water (50%), feeding resources (20%), and animal health ailments (10%) were the main constraints on beef cattle farming practices in the study area. Market actors were producers, consumers, middlemen, restaurant owners, traders, and butchers. The majority (79%) of fatteners had access to market information before the sale and the price was self-determined by fatteners (78%). Availability of better meat types, cattle, and high market demand were identified as good opportunities which could be used to enhance the performance of cattle fattening activity in the study area. It should be essential to provide farmers with adequate training and extension services on improved cattle fattening technology, management techniques, and market information to increase the revenue of the farming communities that use seasonally available feed supplies.
{"title":"Conventional Beef Cattle Farming Practices in Wolaita and Sidama, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Abenezer Wendimu, Wondimagegnehu Tekalign","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.199.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.199.209","url":null,"abstract":"Beef cattle farming is an integral part of livelihood for rural and urban smallholder farmers in developing countries. We aimed to describe the cattle farming practices in selected communities of Diguna Fango district, Wolaita Zone, and Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected with pretested, semi-structured questionnaires applying a cross-sectional study. A stratified sampling was used to select a total of 180 fatteners from the three communities. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The most cited forages for fattening cattle in the dry season were hay and wheat seeds, 180 (100% each), and fresh kidney bean and maize shoot system in the wet season, 180 (100% each). Rivers (75%) and ponds (84%) were the dominant sources of water. The body frame selection criteria had a significant (p = 0.021) effect on the weight gain and determined the fattening period. The breed that was most preferred (100%) was Wolaita sangga. Trypanosomiasis (57.77%) was the highest disease burden in the study area. Lack of clean potable water (50%), feeding resources (20%), and animal health ailments (10%) were the main constraints on beef cattle farming practices in the study area. Market actors were producers, consumers, middlemen, restaurant owners, traders, and butchers. The majority (79%) of fatteners had access to market information before the sale and the price was self-determined by fatteners (78%). Availability of better meat types, cattle, and high market demand were identified as good opportunities which could be used to enhance the performance of cattle fattening activity in the study area. It should be essential to provide farmers with adequate training and extension services on improved cattle fattening technology, management techniques, and market information to increase the revenue of the farming communities that use seasonally available feed supplies.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotic treatment for endometritis has some weaknesses due to its toxicity and unexpected side effects. Therefore, the utilization of plant extract as antimicrobials is an alternative to antibiotics. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of betel leaf, moringa leaf, and garlic extracts in treating endometritis in Aceh cows. We used nine Aceh cows at 3-5 years old, 150-250 kg body weight, and were diagnosed with endometritis through the White Side Test (WST). All cows were injected with 25 mg Prostaglandin (PGF2α) hormone and cervical mucus was collected 8-12 h post-estrus onset. A 20 mL of red betel leaf, moringa leaf, and garlic extracts with a concentration of 40% was administered every 24 h for 7 days. The extract application was carried out using an insemination gun inserted into the uterus. Post-treatment, the cows were re-synchronized with PGF2α and artificially inseminated after showing symptoms of estrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed using rectal palpation 60-90 days post-insemination. WST score data and total bacterial counts were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, whereas the reproductive performance data were reported descriptively. The results showed that the administration of betel leaf, moringa leaf, and garlic extracts tended to reduce the WST scores and bacterial counts. The successful pregnancy rates in groups treated with betel leaf extract, moringa leaf, and garlic extract were 66.6, 66.6, and 0.0%, respectively. The application of red betel leaf extract and moringa leaf could reduce the level of endometritis and increase the pregnancy rates in Aceh cows.
{"title":"Endometritis Control and Enhanced Reproductive Performance in Aceh Cow Using Medicinal Plants","authors":"Teuku Armansyah, Teuku Armansyah, Tongku Nizwan Siregar, Tongku Nizwan Siregar, Amalia Sutriana, Suhartono Suhartono, Budianto Panjaitan, Rania Evita Agustine, Nuriani Saputri, Uti Nurlita","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.235.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.235.242","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic treatment for endometritis has some weaknesses due to its toxicity and unexpected side effects. Therefore, the utilization of plant extract as antimicrobials is an alternative to antibiotics. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of betel leaf, moringa leaf, and garlic extracts in treating endometritis in Aceh cows. We used nine Aceh cows at 3-5 years old, 150-250 kg body weight, and were diagnosed with endometritis through the White Side Test (WST). All cows were injected with 25 mg Prostaglandin (PGF2α) hormone and cervical mucus was collected 8-12 h post-estrus onset. A 20 mL of red betel leaf, moringa leaf, and garlic extracts with a concentration of 40% was administered every 24 h for 7 days. The extract application was carried out using an insemination gun inserted into the uterus. Post-treatment, the cows were re-synchronized with PGF2α and artificially inseminated after showing symptoms of estrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed using rectal palpation 60-90 days post-insemination. WST score data and total bacterial counts were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, whereas the reproductive performance data were reported descriptively. The results showed that the administration of betel leaf, moringa leaf, and garlic extracts tended to reduce the WST scores and bacterial counts. The successful pregnancy rates in groups treated with betel leaf extract, moringa leaf, and garlic extract were 66.6, 66.6, and 0.0%, respectively. The application of red betel leaf extract and moringa leaf could reduce the level of endometritis and increase the pregnancy rates in Aceh cows.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.173.183
Clavel Diaz-Quevedo, Clavel Diaz-Quevedo, Hugo Frias, Nilton Luis Murga Valderrama, Lenin Torres Bernal, Ilse Silvia Cayo Colca, José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte, José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte
Bovine fascioliasis in Peru is highly prevalent in almost all regions; however, there are few studies about its prevalence in the region of Amazonas. This research aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with fascioliasis from four livestock basins in the Amazonas region. A total of 941 bovine feces samples were analyzed and a prevalence of 52% was found. The highest prevalence was registered in females (53.9%), crossbred (58.6%), and producers with less than 50 animals (54.40%). The highest risk factor was for Brown Swiss (2.1), crossbreeds (2.4), heifer (4.1), females (1.4), and bovine that drinks water from streams (2.5) and waterhole (2.4). With the principal component analysis, 5 groups were identified, where the first explains that the area of the farm and the number of animals are related to the prevalence of fascioliasis. Group five indicated a relationship between the drinking water source and the breeds with the highest prevalence of fascioliasis. The results show that there are high prevalence and risk factors that affect livestock productivity and welfare. For this reason, there is a need to improve veterinary and animal health support, as well as training in livestock management, providing adequate sources of nutrition, and improving drug administration.
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Fascioliasis in Northeastern Peru","authors":"Clavel Diaz-Quevedo, Clavel Diaz-Quevedo, Hugo Frias, Nilton Luis Murga Valderrama, Lenin Torres Bernal, Ilse Silvia Cayo Colca, José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte, José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.173.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.173.183","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine fascioliasis in Peru is highly prevalent in almost all regions; however, there are few studies about its prevalence in the region of Amazonas. This research aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with fascioliasis from four livestock basins in the Amazonas region. A total of 941 bovine feces samples were analyzed and a prevalence of 52% was found. The highest prevalence was registered in females (53.9%), crossbred (58.6%), and producers with less than 50 animals (54.40%). The highest risk factor was for Brown Swiss (2.1), crossbreeds (2.4), heifer (4.1), females (1.4), and bovine that drinks water from streams (2.5) and waterhole (2.4). With the principal component analysis, 5 groups were identified, where the first explains that the area of the farm and the number of animals are related to the prevalence of fascioliasis. Group five indicated a relationship between the drinking water source and the breeds with the highest prevalence of fascioliasis. The results show that there are high prevalence and risk factors that affect livestock productivity and welfare. For this reason, there is a need to improve veterinary and animal health support, as well as training in livestock management, providing adequate sources of nutrition, and improving drug administration.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"888 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.217.222
Pavel Shevchenko, Raushan Rychshanova, Kulyay Suleimanova, Zhanaidar Bermukhametov, Jan Miciński, Inna Brel-Kisselevа
The Aberdeen-Angus breed of cattle is widely used to increase the number of breeding cores and beef production volumes and improve its quality in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the research is to study the breeding and adaptive qualities of Aberdeen-Angus cattle in the conditions of the Kostanay region (Northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan). To achieve this goal, we studied the breeding qualities of imported breeding stock Aberdeen-Angus cows and their breeding use as factors in the formation of productivity in future offspring. In the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, the breeding qualities of this breed were studied depending on the country of origin. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2019-2022. Two groups were formed: Group I (n = 288 heads) Kazakh breeding and Group II (n = 100 heads) Estonian breeding, which was grown under the same conditions of feeding and maintenance in "Kolos-firma” LLP of Kostanay region. According to all the considered breeding qualities, superiority was observed in cattle of Estonian breeding.
{"title":"Breeding Qualities of Aberdeen-Angus Cows of Different Genotypes in Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"Pavel Shevchenko, Raushan Rychshanova, Kulyay Suleimanova, Zhanaidar Bermukhametov, Jan Miciński, Inna Brel-Kisselevа","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.217.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.217.222","url":null,"abstract":"The Aberdeen-Angus breed of cattle is widely used to increase the number of breeding cores and beef production volumes and improve its quality in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the research is to study the breeding and adaptive qualities of Aberdeen-Angus cattle in the conditions of the Kostanay region (Northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan). To achieve this goal, we studied the breeding qualities of imported breeding stock Aberdeen-Angus cows and their breeding use as factors in the formation of productivity in future offspring. In the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, the breeding qualities of this breed were studied depending on the country of origin. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2019-2022. Two groups were formed: Group I (n = 288 heads) Kazakh breeding and Group II (n = 100 heads) Estonian breeding, which was grown under the same conditions of feeding and maintenance in \"Kolos-firma” LLP of Kostanay region. According to all the considered breeding qualities, superiority was observed in cattle of Estonian breeding.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.190.198
Anara Yeleussizova, Yuliya Aleshina, Anara Mendybayeva, Madina Khassanova, Raushan Rychshanova
The widespread use of antimicrobial agents for pets in veterinary practice has led to the emergence and spread of drug resistance not only in pathogenic but also in opportunistic bacteria. The study aims to evaluate the profile of resistance to antibacterial agents in Escherichia coli strains isolated from domestic cats and dogs, as well as to look into the determinants of resistance responsible for the ability of microorganisms to resist the effects of antimicrobial agents. During 2021-2022, biological material from cats and dogs, taken in veterinary clinics of Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan, was analyzed. Identification of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). As a result, it was found that all isolated strains of microorganisms showed sensitivity to the action of meropenem included in the group of beta-lactam antibiotics and showed resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, ofloxacin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Resistance genes were identified for all the studied groups of antibiotics in the DNA of E. coli isolated from cats and no genes encoding resistance to fluoroquinolones were detected in the DNA of strains isolated from dogs. The most common genes were genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (43.8%), tetracyclines (35%), beta-lactams (33.5%), sulfonamides (16.1%), and fluoroquinolones (1.24%). In general, domestic cats and dogs have a high prevalence of E. coli strains resistant to beta-lactam drugs (ampicillin: 40%, amoxicillin: 36%) and tetracyclines (tetracycline: 71%, doxycycline: 47%). Resistance in most cases was explained by the presence of such resistance genes as blaTEM, OXA, tetA, and tetB.
{"title":"Resistance to Antibacterial Agents in Escherichia coli Isolated from Domestic Cats and Dogs in the Northern Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"Anara Yeleussizova, Yuliya Aleshina, Anara Mendybayeva, Madina Khassanova, Raushan Rychshanova","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.190.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.190.198","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of antimicrobial agents for pets in veterinary practice has led to the emergence and spread of drug resistance not only in pathogenic but also in opportunistic bacteria. The study aims to evaluate the profile of resistance to antibacterial agents in Escherichia coli strains isolated from domestic cats and dogs, as well as to look into the determinants of resistance responsible for the ability of microorganisms to resist the effects of antimicrobial agents. During 2021-2022, biological material from cats and dogs, taken in veterinary clinics of Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan, was analyzed. Identification of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). As a result, it was found that all isolated strains of microorganisms showed sensitivity to the action of meropenem included in the group of beta-lactam antibiotics and showed resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, ofloxacin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Resistance genes were identified for all the studied groups of antibiotics in the DNA of E. coli isolated from cats and no genes encoding resistance to fluoroquinolones were detected in the DNA of strains isolated from dogs. The most common genes were genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (43.8%), tetracyclines (35%), beta-lactams (33.5%), sulfonamides (16.1%), and fluoroquinolones (1.24%). In general, domestic cats and dogs have a high prevalence of E. coli strains resistant to beta-lactam drugs (ampicillin: 40%, amoxicillin: 36%) and tetracyclines (tetracycline: 71%, doxycycline: 47%). Resistance in most cases was explained by the presence of such resistance genes as blaTEM, OXA, tetA, and tetB.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.210.216
K. K. Akhazhanov, T. K. Bekseitov, J. J. Uakhitov, B. Ateikhan, M. V. Syrovatskiy, S. V. Beketov
In dairy farming, special requirements are imposed on the feeding of replacement young animals. The period when young animals receive colostrum and milk is considered important for raising viable and productive animals. During this time, a large amount of whole milk is consumed by calves. In this connection, the purpose of our study was to compare the effect of various schemes of feeding calves with whole milk on their growth indicators and physiological state. The study was conducted in the Pobeda Limited Liability Partnership (Pavlodar region, Republic of Kazakhstan). The objects of the study were heifers of the Simmental breed. During the experiment, the authors evaluated the effect of the commercial (375 L) and reduced (345 and 285 L) whole milk feeding schemes on the subsequent growth and development of calves. In just 150 days of the experimental period, the highest average weight, as well as the largest absolute and average daily gains were noted in animals that received the least amount of milk according to the feeding scheme, which became possible due to the early and more intensive consumption of compound feed by calves of these groups. In total, in the group that received 375 L of milk, each calf received 160.97 kg of starter compound feed, in the group with 345 L of milk 176.45 kg of compound feed, and the group with 285 L of milk 215 kg of compound feed. Thus, with the same nutritional value of the diets, a decrease in the amount of whole milk fed to the calves of the experimental groups led to an increase in their consumption of compound feed, which, against the background of a normal physiological state and the absence of significant differences in the growth dynamics of experimental animals, makes it economically feasible to approach the use of such expensive feed as whole milk.
{"title":"Influence of Various Schemes of Feeding Calves with Whole Milk on their Growth Indicators and Physiological State","authors":"K. K. Akhazhanov, T. K. Bekseitov, J. J. Uakhitov, B. Ateikhan, M. V. Syrovatskiy, S. V. Beketov","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.210.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.210.216","url":null,"abstract":"In dairy farming, special requirements are imposed on the feeding of replacement young animals. The period when young animals receive colostrum and milk is considered important for raising viable and productive animals. During this time, a large amount of whole milk is consumed by calves. In this connection, the purpose of our study was to compare the effect of various schemes of feeding calves with whole milk on their growth indicators and physiological state. The study was conducted in the Pobeda Limited Liability Partnership (Pavlodar region, Republic of Kazakhstan). The objects of the study were heifers of the Simmental breed. During the experiment, the authors evaluated the effect of the commercial (375 L) and reduced (345 and 285 L) whole milk feeding schemes on the subsequent growth and development of calves. In just 150 days of the experimental period, the highest average weight, as well as the largest absolute and average daily gains were noted in animals that received the least amount of milk according to the feeding scheme, which became possible due to the early and more intensive consumption of compound feed by calves of these groups. In total, in the group that received 375 L of milk, each calf received 160.97 kg of starter compound feed, in the group with 345 L of milk 176.45 kg of compound feed, and the group with 285 L of milk 215 kg of compound feed. Thus, with the same nutritional value of the diets, a decrease in the amount of whole milk fed to the calves of the experimental groups led to an increase in their consumption of compound feed, which, against the background of a normal physiological state and the absence of significant differences in the growth dynamics of experimental animals, makes it economically feasible to approach the use of such expensive feed as whole milk.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.184.189
Ditiro Maletsanake
Indigenous goats are renowned for their endurance and capacity to withstand extreme climatic conditions. To categorize indigenous animal genetic resources, morphometric measurements have been employed to analyze the properties of numerous farm animal populations and breeds. The purpose of this research was to use canonical discriminant analysis to categorize the diverse Tswana goat populations in Botswana based on their morphometric characteristics. A total of 1324 does were sampled from the five agroecological regions of Botswana. Only goats with Four Pairs of Permanent Incisors (4PPI = 48 months) were considered to minimize age effects. A hanging scale was used to measure body weight and other body parameters were measured using a fabric measuring tape. Data on morphometric traits were analyzed using the general linear model techniques of the statistical analysis system. The CANDISC algorithm was used to calculate Mahalanobis distances between class means, canonical variables, and eigenvalues. The largest Mahalanobis distance (8.79) was observed between the indigenous goat populations of Central and Ngamiland. The Southern and Gaborone goat populations had the smallest Mahalanobis distance (1.75). The analysis among the five agro-ecological regions identified CAN1 (93.4%) to be statistically significant (p<0.001). However, CAN1 and CAN2 together constituted 97.5% of all changes among the canonical variables, showing a thorough representation of most of the indigenous goats under the study. The morphological distance results confirm that the Ngamiland goat population was morphologically distinct from the other indigenous Tswana goat populations.
{"title":"Morphometric Differentiation of Indigenous Tswana Goat Populations in Botswana Using Canonical Discriminant Analysis","authors":"Ditiro Maletsanake","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.184.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.184.189","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous goats are renowned for their endurance and capacity to withstand extreme climatic conditions. To categorize indigenous animal genetic resources, morphometric measurements have been employed to analyze the properties of numerous farm animal populations and breeds. The purpose of this research was to use canonical discriminant analysis to categorize the diverse Tswana goat populations in Botswana based on their morphometric characteristics. A total of 1324 does were sampled from the five agroecological regions of Botswana. Only goats with Four Pairs of Permanent Incisors (4PPI = 48 months) were considered to minimize age effects. A hanging scale was used to measure body weight and other body parameters were measured using a fabric measuring tape. Data on morphometric traits were analyzed using the general linear model techniques of the statistical analysis system. The CANDISC algorithm was used to calculate Mahalanobis distances between class means, canonical variables, and eigenvalues. The largest Mahalanobis distance (8.79) was observed between the indigenous goat populations of Central and Ngamiland. The Southern and Gaborone goat populations had the smallest Mahalanobis distance (1.75). The analysis among the five agro-ecological regions identified CAN1 (93.4%) to be statistically significant (p<0.001). However, CAN1 and CAN2 together constituted 97.5% of all changes among the canonical variables, showing a thorough representation of most of the indigenous goats under the study. The morphological distance results confirm that the Ngamiland goat population was morphologically distinct from the other indigenous Tswana goat populations.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.89.97
I. Beishova, Birzhan Nurgaliyev, A. Belaya, G. Chuzhebayeva, V. Ulyanov, T. Ulyanova, Alexandr Kovalchuk, L. Dushayeva, K. Murzabayev, A. Taipova, Aizhan Zholdasbekova, A. Isabaev
{"title":"Marking of Genetic Resistance to Chlamydia, Brucellosis and Mastitis in Holstein Cows by Using Polymorphic Variants of LTF, MBL1 and TLR9 Genes","authors":"I. Beishova, Birzhan Nurgaliyev, A. Belaya, G. Chuzhebayeva, V. Ulyanov, T. Ulyanova, Alexandr Kovalchuk, L. Dushayeva, K. Murzabayev, A. Taipova, Aizhan Zholdasbekova, A. Isabaev","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.89.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.89.97","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47340586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prophylactic disinfection in the presence of animals reduces the concentration of microorganisms in the air and thereby prevents various infectious diseases. The study aims to develop a technological mode of prophylactic disinfection in the presence of animals. As part of the disinfection measures, aerosol disinfection, wet disinfection, and foam disinfection were performed. Sanitation procedures used the preparations of Dezinfekt, Penodez, Yodizol, Glutex, and bleach. The study demonstrated that after wet disinfection in the research object with the use of Penodez by the added foam method (combined method), the obtained quantitative indicators when compared to those of the control objects, indicate a 9.7% increase in disinfection effectiveness. With the use of Yodizol in aerosol disinfection in the presence of piglets, the survival rate of microorganisms in the air dropped by 96.3% and on the floor and surfaces by 95.2 and 93.0%, respectively. In the monitoring of the toxic effects of the preparation on the body, no allergic reactions are observed and the level of hemoglobin in the blood was 8.1% higher than in the control group. The experiment demonstrated the highest effectiveness of the combined disinfection method (wet + foam). The use of safe prophylactic disinfection (aerosol) in the presence of animals was found to be expedient. An eco-friendly composition disinfectant based on iodine compounds (Yodizol) was developed for disinfection in the presence of animals. The timing of prophylactic disinfection (considering the accumulation of microorganisms on various surfaces and in the air in facilities) is established.
{"title":"Safe Technologies of Prophylactic Disinfection in the Presence of Animals","authors":"Bakhyt Barakhov, Zhaxylyk Myrzabekov, Nurgul Serikbai, Dinara Narbayeva, Gulmira Alpysbayeva, Assylbek Batyrbekov","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.107.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.107.116","url":null,"abstract":"Prophylactic disinfection in the presence of animals reduces the concentration of microorganisms in the air and thereby prevents various infectious diseases. The study aims to develop a technological mode of prophylactic disinfection in the presence of animals. As part of the disinfection measures, aerosol disinfection, wet disinfection, and foam disinfection were performed. Sanitation procedures used the preparations of Dezinfekt, Penodez, Yodizol, Glutex, and bleach. The study demonstrated that after wet disinfection in the research object with the use of Penodez by the added foam method (combined method), the obtained quantitative indicators when compared to those of the control objects, indicate a 9.7% increase in disinfection effectiveness. With the use of Yodizol in aerosol disinfection in the presence of piglets, the survival rate of microorganisms in the air dropped by 96.3% and on the floor and surfaces by 95.2 and 93.0%, respectively. In the monitoring of the toxic effects of the preparation on the body, no allergic reactions are observed and the level of hemoglobin in the blood was 8.1% higher than in the control group. The experiment demonstrated the highest effectiveness of the combined disinfection method (wet + foam). The use of safe prophylactic disinfection (aerosol) in the presence of animals was found to be expedient. An eco-friendly composition disinfectant based on iodine compounds (Yodizol) was developed for disinfection in the presence of animals. The timing of prophylactic disinfection (considering the accumulation of microorganisms on various surfaces and in the air in facilities) is established.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.156.165
Mariângela Bueno Cordeiro Maldonado, Ricardo de Oliveira Rodrigues, Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna, Guilherme Pugliesi, Milton Maturana Filho, Adriano Felipe Mendes, Lucas de Oliveira Bezerra, Ricardo da Fonseca, Claudia Maria Bertan Membrive
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)-enriched diets are recognized as a significant approach for improving the reproductive efficiency of cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sunflower seed, a PUFA-rich feed source, supplementation on plasma and endometrium lipid profiles in beef cattle. It was hypothesized that feeding of sunflower seed has an additional effect on PUFA that causes changes in the profiles of total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides plasma concentrations, and endometrium fatty acids composition. For such, 60 Nelore cows had their ovulation synchronized and were then fed 1.7 kg/day/animal of control diet composed of soybean meal and corn or enriched with sunflower seed. Both diets were provided in troughs maintaining the measure of 22 linear cm/trough/animal. The cows were supplemented for 6 (D0-D5), 14 (D0-D13), or 22 days (D0-D21), according to the experimental group, from the expected estrus (D0) and blood was collected throughout the treatment. 24 h after receiving the last supplementation, 15 control, and 15 treated cows were slaughtered for analysis of blood plasma and endometrium lipid profile. The plasma lipid concentrations were assessed through the utilization of commercially available colorimetric kits employings an enzymatic method in an automated analyzer. The endometrial fatty acids profile was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treated cows presented increased total plasma cholesterol concentrations on D18 and D21; Increased HDL concentrations on D10, D14, D18, and D21; and increased LDL concentrations on D21 (p<0.05); but no difference in triglycerides. Furthermore, feeding sunflower seed to beef cows increased endometrial concentrations of C18:1 T10-T11-T12 and C10:1 and decreased those of iso-C15:0, C20:5, C20:3 n3, C23:0, C24:0 and C22:5 fatty acids. We conclude that feeding beef cows with 1.7 kg/day/animal of sunflower seed alters the lipid profile of plasma and endometrium and that such changes are potentially associated with higher reproductive efficiency.
{"title":"Dietary Inclusion of Sunflower Seed Alters Blood Plasma and Endometrium Lipid Profile in Beef Cows","authors":"Mariângela Bueno Cordeiro Maldonado, Ricardo de Oliveira Rodrigues, Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna, Guilherme Pugliesi, Milton Maturana Filho, Adriano Felipe Mendes, Lucas de Oliveira Bezerra, Ricardo da Fonseca, Claudia Maria Bertan Membrive","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.156.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.156.165","url":null,"abstract":"Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)-enriched diets are recognized as a significant approach for improving the reproductive efficiency of cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sunflower seed, a PUFA-rich feed source, supplementation on plasma and endometrium lipid profiles in beef cattle. It was hypothesized that feeding of sunflower seed has an additional effect on PUFA that causes changes in the profiles of total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides plasma concentrations, and endometrium fatty acids composition. For such, 60 Nelore cows had their ovulation synchronized and were then fed 1.7 kg/day/animal of control diet composed of soybean meal and corn or enriched with sunflower seed. Both diets were provided in troughs maintaining the measure of 22 linear cm/trough/animal. The cows were supplemented for 6 (D0-D5), 14 (D0-D13), or 22 days (D0-D21), according to the experimental group, from the expected estrus (D0) and blood was collected throughout the treatment. 24 h after receiving the last supplementation, 15 control, and 15 treated cows were slaughtered for analysis of blood plasma and endometrium lipid profile. The plasma lipid concentrations were assessed through the utilization of commercially available colorimetric kits employings an enzymatic method in an automated analyzer. The endometrial fatty acids profile was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treated cows presented increased total plasma cholesterol concentrations on D18 and D21; Increased HDL concentrations on D10, D14, D18, and D21; and increased LDL concentrations on D21 (p<0.05); but no difference in triglycerides. Furthermore, feeding sunflower seed to beef cows increased endometrial concentrations of C18:1 T10-T11-T12 and C10:1 and decreased those of iso-C15:0, C20:5, C20:3 n3, C23:0, C24:0 and C22:5 fatty acids. We conclude that feeding beef cows with 1.7 kg/day/animal of sunflower seed alters the lipid profile of plasma and endometrium and that such changes are potentially associated with higher reproductive efficiency.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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