Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.9.18
Arief, R. Pazla
{"title":"Milk Production and Quality of Etawa Crossbred Goats with Non-Conventional Forages and Palm Concentrates","authors":"Arief, R. Pazla","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.9.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.9.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48028622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Smolovskaya, V. Pleshkov, T. Zubova, L. Bormina
: In the conditions of industrial production, the problem of growing poultry with increased resistance to various diseases is relevant because the birds are exposed to various stress conditions. Traditionally, disease prevention is carried out through the use of vaccines, chemical pharmaceuticals, and antibiotics. The global use of therapeutic drugs contributes to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms and a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment; some of them have an immunosuppressive effect. The article presents the results of research on the effect of the preparation " Lactobacillus plantarum , Enterococcus faecalis , and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp." on the immune status, growth rate, and safety of experimental stock in broiler chickens. Studies were carried out on 150 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks that were divided into three groups of 50 birds. The control Group (G3) was fed a standard ration based on the phases of growth, while the experimental Groups (G1 and G2) were supplemented with probiotics at different doses in the feed. The experiment was designed to last for 41 days. In the 3 rd week, the average live weights of G1 and G2 broiler chickens exceeded those of G3 by 5.5 and 4.1%, respectively. In the 6 th week, G1 and G2 broiler chicks had average live weights that exceeded those of G3 by 7.7 and 7.4%, respectively. The survival rates of the flocks in G1 and G2 were 4 and 2% higher, respectively than in G3. The average titers for Newcastle Disease and infectious bronchitis viruses in G1 were 314.9 and 53.5% higher, respectively than in G3, while in G2 they were 3.7 and 21.8% lower, respectively. For infectious bursal disease, G1 and G2 exceeded the control group by 74.2 and 6.4%, respectively. The meat yield of G1 and G2 was higher at 17.2 and 9.1%, respectively, compared to G3. Probiotics have shown many beneficial properties, including the ability to improve immunity, gut structure, and gut barrier function in broilers. These factors can improve digestion and absorption, ultimately increasing the quality and safety of products.
{"title":"Probiotics in Industrial Poultry Farming","authors":"O. Smolovskaya, V. Pleshkov, T. Zubova, L. Bormina","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.1.8","url":null,"abstract":": In the conditions of industrial production, the problem of growing poultry with increased resistance to various diseases is relevant because the birds are exposed to various stress conditions. Traditionally, disease prevention is carried out through the use of vaccines, chemical pharmaceuticals, and antibiotics. The global use of therapeutic drugs contributes to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms and a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment; some of them have an immunosuppressive effect. The article presents the results of research on the effect of the preparation \" Lactobacillus plantarum , Enterococcus faecalis , and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.\" on the immune status, growth rate, and safety of experimental stock in broiler chickens. Studies were carried out on 150 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks that were divided into three groups of 50 birds. The control Group (G3) was fed a standard ration based on the phases of growth, while the experimental Groups (G1 and G2) were supplemented with probiotics at different doses in the feed. The experiment was designed to last for 41 days. In the 3 rd week, the average live weights of G1 and G2 broiler chickens exceeded those of G3 by 5.5 and 4.1%, respectively. In the 6 th week, G1 and G2 broiler chicks had average live weights that exceeded those of G3 by 7.7 and 7.4%, respectively. The survival rates of the flocks in G1 and G2 were 4 and 2% higher, respectively than in G3. The average titers for Newcastle Disease and infectious bronchitis viruses in G1 were 314.9 and 53.5% higher, respectively than in G3, while in G2 they were 3.7 and 21.8% lower, respectively. For infectious bursal disease, G1 and G2 exceeded the control group by 74.2 and 6.4%, respectively. The meat yield of G1 and G2 was higher at 17.2 and 9.1%, respectively, compared to G3. Probiotics have shown many beneficial properties, including the ability to improve immunity, gut structure, and gut barrier function in broilers. These factors can improve digestion and absorption, ultimately increasing the quality and safety of products.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.74.80
Rantloko Rolly Maapola, K. Nephawe, T. Nedambale, F. V. Ramukhithi
{"title":"Evaluation of Japanese Quail Egg-Yolk Extender in Cryopreservation of Cockerel Semen","authors":"Rantloko Rolly Maapola, K. Nephawe, T. Nedambale, F. V. Ramukhithi","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.74.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.74.80","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44675120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.58.66
L. D. Sehlabela, M. Mphaphathi, T. R. Netshirovha, T. Nedambale
: Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant that is being studied for its ability to improve cellular responses to semen preservation challenges. The research goal aimed to evaluate the impact of introducing different glutathione concentrations to boar semen freezing extender (0, 1, 5, and 10 mM) on the Kolbroek boar sperm's quality after being frozen and thawed. For two hours, the collected sperm-rich fraction was chilled at 17°C. Following the 1 h of equilibration, fraction B: control (egg yolk 20% + BTS 72% + glycerol 8%), 1 mM (egg yolk 20% + BTS 70% + glycerol 8% + GSH 2%), 5 mM (egg yolk 20% + BTS 62 + 8% glycerol + GSH 10%) and 10 mM (egg yolk 20% + BTS 52% + glycerol 8% + GSH 20%) was added into the semen samples. Following that, 0.5 mL straws with the diluted, cooled semen samples were submerged in liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) vapor and then stored inside the LN 2 tank (-196°C). After thawing (37°C), parameters of boar sperm motility, velocity, morphology and viability, membrane permeability, and Malondialdehyde content were assessed and recorded. Using the analysis of variance, the data were examined. The results revealed a difference in total motility (%) on fresh semen as compared to post-thawed control and GSH treatments. A significant difference was revealed in sperm progressive motility (%) in fresh semen (27.07±4.5). Significant differences were recorded in live sperm morphology and viability on fresh semen (81.8±2.8%) compared to control, 1, 5, and 10 mM. In the 10 mM diluted semen (78.5±6.8), the proportion of sperm with an intact plasma membrane integrity was highest ( P <0.05), while the percentage in the 1 mM diluted semen (73.0±2.7) was lower. Malondialdehyde levels were lowest ( P <0.05) in the group receiving 5 mM treatment. In conclusion, 5 mM of GSH is the required amount to be added to the freezing extender while cryopreserving semen from Kolbroek boars.
{"title":"Frozen Semen Quality of Kolbroek Boars Concerning Glutathione Concentrations","authors":"L. D. Sehlabela, M. Mphaphathi, T. R. Netshirovha, T. Nedambale","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.58.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.58.66","url":null,"abstract":": Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant that is being studied for its ability to improve cellular responses to semen preservation challenges. The research goal aimed to evaluate the impact of introducing different glutathione concentrations to boar semen freezing extender (0, 1, 5, and 10 mM) on the Kolbroek boar sperm's quality after being frozen and thawed. For two hours, the collected sperm-rich fraction was chilled at 17°C. Following the 1 h of equilibration, fraction B: control (egg yolk 20% + BTS 72% + glycerol 8%), 1 mM (egg yolk 20% + BTS 70% + glycerol 8% + GSH 2%), 5 mM (egg yolk 20% + BTS 62 + 8% glycerol + GSH 10%) and 10 mM (egg yolk 20% + BTS 52% + glycerol 8% + GSH 20%) was added into the semen samples. Following that, 0.5 mL straws with the diluted, cooled semen samples were submerged in liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) vapor and then stored inside the LN 2 tank (-196°C). After thawing (37°C), parameters of boar sperm motility, velocity, morphology and viability, membrane permeability, and Malondialdehyde content were assessed and recorded. Using the analysis of variance, the data were examined. The results revealed a difference in total motility (%) on fresh semen as compared to post-thawed control and GSH treatments. A significant difference was revealed in sperm progressive motility (%) in fresh semen (27.07±4.5). Significant differences were recorded in live sperm morphology and viability on fresh semen (81.8±2.8%) compared to control, 1, 5, and 10 mM. In the 10 mM diluted semen (78.5±6.8), the proportion of sperm with an intact plasma membrane integrity was highest ( P <0.05), while the percentage in the 1 mM diluted semen (73.0±2.7) was lower. Malondialdehyde levels were lowest ( P <0.05) in the group receiving 5 mM treatment. In conclusion, 5 mM of GSH is the required amount to be added to the freezing extender while cryopreserving semen from Kolbroek boars.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49198213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.52.57
D. Gayirbegov, G. Engurazov
{"title":"Effect of the Cresacin Feed Additive on the Digestibility of Nutrients, Productivity and Egg Quality in Egg Laying Quails","authors":"D. Gayirbegov, G. Engurazov","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.52.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.52.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45997269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.67.73
T. Rostini, M. Zakir, D. Biyatmoko
{"title":"The Effect of Zinc Biocomplex and Vitamin E Supplementation in the Ration of the Digestibility and Nutritional Content of Kacang Goat Meat","authors":"T. Rostini, M. Zakir, D. Biyatmoko","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.67.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.67.73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45643618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2023.40.46
Z. Ikhlas, N. Jamarun, M. Zain, R. Pazla, G. Yanti
{"title":"Impact of Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora apiculata) in Limewater on Nutrients Digestibility, Rumen Ecosystem and in vitro Methane Production","authors":"Z. Ikhlas, N. Jamarun, M. Zain, R. Pazla, G. Yanti","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2023.40.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.40.46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45712816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.302.306
Waleed J. A. Al-kelaby, Wafaa Hadi Mousa AL-Hashem, Zahraa S. M. Al Kaabi, H. A. Al-hussaniy
: The various species' male accessory genital glands vary and are intimately related to the pelvic urethra. These glands secrete nutritional substances, buffers, and mucous to increase volume, serve as lubricants, reduce the minor acidity of vaginal contents and make the environment more hospitable to motile sperm. This study aims to study the histological and histochemical structure of the male accessory sex glands in caprine Iraqi breeds. The male accessory genital glands of ten adult males of the local Iraqi buck ( Caprus hircus ) weighing 48-65 kg and aged 18-26 months were obtained from the Al-Najaf slaughterhouse. The specimens were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E), Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction (PAS), and Masson's trichrome stain. In the ampulla, the glands revealed thin, wide tubules bordered by a simple columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium with rounded nuclei. The seminal vesicle, buck's mucous membrane, is folded according to histology. It is a simple columnar epithelium with basal cells in between and nuclei that range from spherical to oval. The gland capsule comprises loose connective tissue (collagen fibers and smooth muscle) that responds favorably to Masson's trichrome stain. The prostate gland, the glandular tissue of the pelvic urethra, is implanted in the wall. The simple columnar epithelium lines these alveoli; however, histological sections reveal that the prostate gland duct-lining epithelium has converted to pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The gland secretion is seromucoid with a positive PAS staining result. In the bulbourethral gland, varied sizes and shapes of secretory units were distinguished. Most secretory units are alveolar in shape, while some are saccular or tubular. The seminal vesicle, bulbourethral glands, and vas deferens ampulla are well-developed and paired. Bucks have scattered prostate glands. The pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the branching tubular ampulla. Simple columnar epithelium and basal cells cover the mucosa of the seminal vesicle.
{"title":"Histomorphochemical Studies on Accessory Glands of Iraqi Blackbuck (Caprus Hircus)","authors":"Waleed J. A. Al-kelaby, Wafaa Hadi Mousa AL-Hashem, Zahraa S. M. Al Kaabi, H. A. Al-hussaniy","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.302.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.302.306","url":null,"abstract":": The various species' male accessory genital glands vary and are intimately related to the pelvic urethra. These glands secrete nutritional substances, buffers, and mucous to increase volume, serve as lubricants, reduce the minor acidity of vaginal contents and make the environment more hospitable to motile sperm. This study aims to study the histological and histochemical structure of the male accessory sex glands in caprine Iraqi breeds. The male accessory genital glands of ten adult males of the local Iraqi buck ( Caprus hircus ) weighing 48-65 kg and aged 18-26 months were obtained from the Al-Najaf slaughterhouse. The specimens were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E), Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction (PAS), and Masson's trichrome stain. In the ampulla, the glands revealed thin, wide tubules bordered by a simple columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium with rounded nuclei. The seminal vesicle, buck's mucous membrane, is folded according to histology. It is a simple columnar epithelium with basal cells in between and nuclei that range from spherical to oval. The gland capsule comprises loose connective tissue (collagen fibers and smooth muscle) that responds favorably to Masson's trichrome stain. The prostate gland, the glandular tissue of the pelvic urethra, is implanted in the wall. The simple columnar epithelium lines these alveoli; however, histological sections reveal that the prostate gland duct-lining epithelium has converted to pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The gland secretion is seromucoid with a positive PAS staining result. In the bulbourethral gland, varied sizes and shapes of secretory units were distinguished. Most secretory units are alveolar in shape, while some are saccular or tubular. The seminal vesicle, bulbourethral glands, and vas deferens ampulla are well-developed and paired. Bucks have scattered prostate glands. The pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the branching tubular ampulla. Simple columnar epithelium and basal cells cover the mucosa of the seminal vesicle.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46289226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tetracycline Resistance Profile in Darwin Finches in the Galapagos Islands","authors":"M. Baquero, M. Cruz, Viviana Duque, A. Vélez, V. Lopez, Christian Vinueza, G. Giacoboni","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.294.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.294.301","url":null,"abstract":": Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), which is the ability of microorganisms to withstand attack by antimicrobial drugs","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.281.287
Mduduzi M. Tshabalala, M. Mphaphathi, T. R. Netshirovha, K. Nephawe, C. Pilane, Lucky Nedambale
: A rich natural resource such as Coconut Water (CCW) features high concentrations of antioxidants, nutrients, amino acids, sugars, and electrolytes. These herbal extract infusions are used in semen extenders to preserve animal sperm. In addition, CCW is important for in vitro production of embryos. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of coconut water as an alternative bulking agent for boar semen after equilibration at 18° for 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. Three 2- to 3-year-old Large White x Landrace boars were used for semen collection, boar semen was collected by a glove and hand technique, 24 ejaculates were collected and this study was replicated eight times. A complete randomized design was used in this study. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using Stata V12 statistical software (Stata Corp., College Station, Tex.) and treatment measures were separated using Fisher's protected t-test at significance values of P <0.05. Sperm diluted in 60% CCW and equilibrated for 8 h showed improved sperm motility (86.1±1.7), percentage of viable sperm (84.5±20), plasma membrane (83.3±2.3), and acrosome integrity (84.00±2.13) compared to boar semen diluted with 80 and 100% CCW. Notably, semen diluted in 80 and 100% CCW and equilibrated for 8 h showed improved sperm motility (76.2±2.5; 63.5±2.7), viable sperm (74.5±2.0; 63.3±2.1), intact plasma membrane (73.3±23; 63.5±2.0) and acrosomal membrane integrity after equilibration (74.0±2.1; 63.5±2.7). However, sperm diluted in 80 and 100% CCW had reduced sperm motility, viability, and plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity after 8, 16, 24 and 48 h of equilibration at 18°C. In conclusion, equilibrated boar semen diluted with 60% CCW was able to maintain boar semen parameters such as sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane, and acrosomal membrane integrity following 8, 16, 24, and 48 of equilibration at 18°C. However, CCW can be used as an alternative extender for the equilibration of boar semen. Therefore, further studies are necessary to determine the in vitro and in vivo fertilizing capacity of equilibrium boar semen diluted in CCW.
{"title":"Study the Efficacy of Different Concentrations of Coconut Water on Boar Semen Following Equilibration at 18°C for Different Hours","authors":"Mduduzi M. Tshabalala, M. Mphaphathi, T. R. Netshirovha, K. Nephawe, C. Pilane, Lucky Nedambale","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.281.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.281.287","url":null,"abstract":": A rich natural resource such as Coconut Water (CCW) features high concentrations of antioxidants, nutrients, amino acids, sugars, and electrolytes. These herbal extract infusions are used in semen extenders to preserve animal sperm. In addition, CCW is important for in vitro production of embryos. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of coconut water as an alternative bulking agent for boar semen after equilibration at 18° for 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. Three 2- to 3-year-old Large White x Landrace boars were used for semen collection, boar semen was collected by a glove and hand technique, 24 ejaculates were collected and this study was replicated eight times. A complete randomized design was used in this study. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using Stata V12 statistical software (Stata Corp., College Station, Tex.) and treatment measures were separated using Fisher's protected t-test at significance values of P <0.05. Sperm diluted in 60% CCW and equilibrated for 8 h showed improved sperm motility (86.1±1.7), percentage of viable sperm (84.5±20), plasma membrane (83.3±2.3), and acrosome integrity (84.00±2.13) compared to boar semen diluted with 80 and 100% CCW. Notably, semen diluted in 80 and 100% CCW and equilibrated for 8 h showed improved sperm motility (76.2±2.5; 63.5±2.7), viable sperm (74.5±2.0; 63.3±2.1), intact plasma membrane (73.3±23; 63.5±2.0) and acrosomal membrane integrity after equilibration (74.0±2.1; 63.5±2.7). However, sperm diluted in 80 and 100% CCW had reduced sperm motility, viability, and plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity after 8, 16, 24 and 48 h of equilibration at 18°C. In conclusion, equilibrated boar semen diluted with 60% CCW was able to maintain boar semen parameters such as sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane, and acrosomal membrane integrity following 8, 16, 24, and 48 of equilibration at 18°C. However, CCW can be used as an alternative extender for the equilibration of boar semen. Therefore, further studies are necessary to determine the in vitro and in vivo fertilizing capacity of equilibrium boar semen diluted in CCW.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45640552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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