Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.113.121
T. J. Mpofu, K. Nephawe, M. Ginindza, N. A. Siwendu, B. Mtileni
Corresponding Author: Takalani Judas Mpofu Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Email: mpofutj@tut.ac.za Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate factors influencing Cow Efficiency (CE), Relative-Birth Weight (R-BW), and subsequent pre-weaning growth performance of Nguni cattle in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Factors that were considered were dammed weight at calving, agro-ecological zone, the season of birth, sex of calves, parity, and dam age. Data from Nguni cows and their calves (n = 826) consisting of calf Birth Weight (BW), Weaning Weight (WW), and Dam Weight at calving were used in this study. Dams were classified according to their weights at calving into high (>385 kg), medium (326-385 kg), and low (<326 kg) categories. The General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS (2015) was computed to analyze data; the means were separated using Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Dam weight at calving influenced CE, R-BW, WW, and P-ADG, but did not influence BW. Lighter and average dams had higher CE (36.74; 35.04 Vs 30.01%), RBW (8.04; 7.12 Vs 6.28%), WW (116.80; 116.62 Vs 115.13 kg), P-ADG (0.447; 0.446 Vs 0.438 kg/day) and P-WG (91.72; 91.40 Vs 89.77 kg) compared to heavier dams. Animals in the humid zone had higher CE (35.32%), WW (117.53 kg), P-ADG (0.452 kg/day), and P-WG (92.86 kg). Animals in arid yielded lower CE, WW, P-ADG, and P-WG compared to those in humid zone. Season of birth influenced R-BW and pre-weaning performance traits, however, it did not influence CE. Higher WW (116.78 kg), P-ADG (0.448 kg/day), P-WG (91.96 kg) were recorded for summer calves. The sex of calves, parity, and damage influenced all traits except R-BW and BW. Dams with male calves had higher CE (34.79%), WW (126.20 kg), P-ADG (0.491 kg/day), and P-WG (100.71 kg) compared to their female counterparts. Dams on the fifth (5th) parity had higher CE (37.00%), R-BW (7.18%), WW (127.01 kg), P-ADG (0.495 kg/day) and PWG (101.53 kg). Seven (7) years old dams had higher CE (42.32%), WW (143.33 kg), P-ADG (0.590 kg/day), and P-WG (121.17 kg). The findings indicate that breeding with lighter cows would result in calves with comparable or even better growth traits than heavier cows.
{"title":"Cow Efficiency, Relative-Birth Weight and Subsequent Pre-Weaning Growth Performance of Nguni Cattle","authors":"T. J. Mpofu, K. Nephawe, M. Ginindza, N. A. Siwendu, B. Mtileni","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.113.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.113.121","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Takalani Judas Mpofu Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Email: mpofutj@tut.ac.za Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate factors influencing Cow Efficiency (CE), Relative-Birth Weight (R-BW), and subsequent pre-weaning growth performance of Nguni cattle in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Factors that were considered were dammed weight at calving, agro-ecological zone, the season of birth, sex of calves, parity, and dam age. Data from Nguni cows and their calves (n = 826) consisting of calf Birth Weight (BW), Weaning Weight (WW), and Dam Weight at calving were used in this study. Dams were classified according to their weights at calving into high (>385 kg), medium (326-385 kg), and low (<326 kg) categories. The General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS (2015) was computed to analyze data; the means were separated using Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Dam weight at calving influenced CE, R-BW, WW, and P-ADG, but did not influence BW. Lighter and average dams had higher CE (36.74; 35.04 Vs 30.01%), RBW (8.04; 7.12 Vs 6.28%), WW (116.80; 116.62 Vs 115.13 kg), P-ADG (0.447; 0.446 Vs 0.438 kg/day) and P-WG (91.72; 91.40 Vs 89.77 kg) compared to heavier dams. Animals in the humid zone had higher CE (35.32%), WW (117.53 kg), P-ADG (0.452 kg/day), and P-WG (92.86 kg). Animals in arid yielded lower CE, WW, P-ADG, and P-WG compared to those in humid zone. Season of birth influenced R-BW and pre-weaning performance traits, however, it did not influence CE. Higher WW (116.78 kg), P-ADG (0.448 kg/day), P-WG (91.96 kg) were recorded for summer calves. The sex of calves, parity, and damage influenced all traits except R-BW and BW. Dams with male calves had higher CE (34.79%), WW (126.20 kg), P-ADG (0.491 kg/day), and P-WG (100.71 kg) compared to their female counterparts. Dams on the fifth (5th) parity had higher CE (37.00%), R-BW (7.18%), WW (127.01 kg), P-ADG (0.495 kg/day) and PWG (101.53 kg). Seven (7) years old dams had higher CE (42.32%), WW (143.33 kg), P-ADG (0.590 kg/day), and P-WG (121.17 kg). The findings indicate that breeding with lighter cows would result in calves with comparable or even better growth traits than heavier cows.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49336719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.108.112
A. Mannapov, Akmal Abdulvalievich Khudaiberdiev, R. Mannapova, Y. Yuldashbayev, D. Baimukanov
: It was found that the spring development of bee colonies most actively occurs against the background of the compositional stimulating feeding of honey mead with the addition of the milk mixture "Nanny 2 with a prebiotic" in a complex with cobalt sulfate (group 4), which, in comparison with the background level, increased the average daily egg-laying capacity of queen bees by the second count by 2.48 times and at the height of the season - 3.03 times (in control 2.02 and 2.28 times) with an absolute value of 1814.0 and 2209.0 eggs/day (in control 1459.0 and 1650.0 eggs/day). At the same time, the growth index of the family strength, which is a vector biological component indicating economically useful traits, was maximum during all observation periods in the 3rd and especially in the 4th group, the peak values of which show that from March 18 to May 21 they can be used as families-educators and families of the control (1st group) and 2nd groups - from April 9 to May 21. It was revealed that the abundant secretion by the pharyngeal glands of milk sufficient for feeding 3-4 larvae in worker bees of 9 days of age in spring generation is carried out against the background of stimulating feeding with honey mead containing milk mixture "Nanny 2 with a prebiotic" or with sulphate cobalt with a degree of vitality of their glands in 3.98 points and 3.89 points, respectively (in control 3.74 points). The degree of development of the pharyngeal glands in overwintered workers of the autumn generation recorded in the range from 2.5 to 2.64 points shows that, as nursing bees, they can feed only one larva. To ensure the secretory function of the pharyngeal glands in the hemolymph of 9-day-old worker bees who are nursing bees, the level of lysine should be higher, in comparison with overwintered workers, by 2.37-2.79 times, histidine by 2.47-2.85 times, glycine - 2.32-2.46 times.
{"title":"Spring Growth Rates of Bee Families and the Level of Certain Amino Acids in Bees-Feeders with Stimulating Feeding","authors":"A. Mannapov, Akmal Abdulvalievich Khudaiberdiev, R. Mannapova, Y. Yuldashbayev, D. Baimukanov","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.108.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.108.112","url":null,"abstract":": It was found that the spring development of bee colonies most actively occurs against the background of the compositional stimulating feeding of honey mead with the addition of the milk mixture \"Nanny 2 with a prebiotic\" in a complex with cobalt sulfate (group 4), which, in comparison with the background level, increased the average daily egg-laying capacity of queen bees by the second count by 2.48 times and at the height of the season - 3.03 times (in control 2.02 and 2.28 times) with an absolute value of 1814.0 and 2209.0 eggs/day (in control 1459.0 and 1650.0 eggs/day). At the same time, the growth index of the family strength, which is a vector biological component indicating economically useful traits, was maximum during all observation periods in the 3rd and especially in the 4th group, the peak values of which show that from March 18 to May 21 they can be used as families-educators and families of the control (1st group) and 2nd groups - from April 9 to May 21. It was revealed that the abundant secretion by the pharyngeal glands of milk sufficient for feeding 3-4 larvae in worker bees of 9 days of age in spring generation is carried out against the background of stimulating feeding with honey mead containing milk mixture \"Nanny 2 with a prebiotic\" or with sulphate cobalt with a degree of vitality of their glands in 3.98 points and 3.89 points, respectively (in control 3.74 points). The degree of development of the pharyngeal glands in overwintered workers of the autumn generation recorded in the range from 2.5 to 2.64 points shows that, as nursing bees, they can feed only one larva. To ensure the secretory function of the pharyngeal glands in the hemolymph of 9-day-old worker bees who are nursing bees, the level of lysine should be higher, in comparison with overwintered workers, by 2.37-2.79 times, histidine by 2.47-2.85 times, glycine - 2.32-2.46 times.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47056560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.97.100
Jorge Ortiz, O. Torres, R. López
: Nowadays, the use of plants is an alternative for the control and treatment of diseases in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) as a natural additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers up to 8 weeks of age. For this experiment were used 288 Ross 308 chickens of one day distributed in 4 treatments, 6 repetitions and 12 animals in each group, where the treatment was applied (T1 0.1; T2 0.2; T3 0.3; T0 0%) Chili pepper. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was carried out, with an analysis of variance and the Tukey 5% test for the treatments, the variables oocyst count per gram of faeces and various productive parameters were evaluated, Finally, it was demonstrated that the best dose of natural coccidiostat with the best performance both in weight gain and feed conversion was with the dose of 0.3% of chili peper, in addition, with this percentage the amount of Eimeria oocytes was reduced, preserving the intestinal health of the animals. This study contributes to have a better production alternative and competitiveness in the face of the new demands of chicken consumption in the market.
{"title":"Assessment of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum) as an Additive for the Prevention of Coccidiosis","authors":"Jorge Ortiz, O. Torres, R. López","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.97.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.97.100","url":null,"abstract":": Nowadays, the use of plants is an alternative for the control and treatment of diseases in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) as a natural additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers up to 8 weeks of age. For this experiment were used 288 Ross 308 chickens of one day distributed in 4 treatments, 6 repetitions and 12 animals in each group, where the treatment was applied (T1 0.1; T2 0.2; T3 0.3; T0 0%) Chili pepper. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was carried out, with an analysis of variance and the Tukey 5% test for the treatments, the variables oocyst count per gram of faeces and various productive parameters were evaluated, Finally, it was demonstrated that the best dose of natural coccidiostat with the best performance both in weight gain and feed conversion was with the dose of 0.3% of chili peper, in addition, with this percentage the amount of Eimeria oocytes was reduced, preserving the intestinal health of the animals. This study contributes to have a better production alternative and competitiveness in the face of the new demands of chicken consumption in the market.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46676670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.154.164
D. Baimukanov, A. Bissembayev, S. Batanov, I. Baranova, N. Kuzmina
Department of Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine and Feed and Milk Quality Assessment, LLP Research and Production Center for Livestock and Veterinary Medicine Limited Liability Company, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Department of Technologies for Processing Livestock Products, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Russia Department of Automated Electric Drive, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Russia Department of Technology of Meat and Dairy Products, Mari State University, Russia
{"title":"Exterior and Body Types of Cows with Different Levels of Dairy Productivity","authors":"D. Baimukanov, A. Bissembayev, S. Batanov, I. Baranova, N. Kuzmina","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.154.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.154.164","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine and Feed and Milk Quality Assessment, LLP Research and Production Center for Livestock and Veterinary Medicine Limited Liability Company, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Department of Technologies for Processing Livestock Products, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Russia Department of Automated Electric Drive, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Russia Department of Technology of Meat and Dairy Products, Mari State University, Russia","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47514836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.122.129
T. F. Robinson, E. Baum
: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Barley Sprout Fodder (BSF) on milk production and milk composition of Saanen goats and Friesian ewes. Twenty Saanen does (1-year-old) and twenty East Friesian ewes (1 to 5 years old), were selected for this experiment, where each species was divided into four treatment groups. Goat treatments consisted of 0 (CRTL), 758 (BSF1), 1498 (BSF2) and 2270 (BSF3) g wet BSF/d added to an alfalfa/grass hay mix provided in random order. Sheep treatments were similar, but 0, 454, 908, and 1362 g wet BSF/d. The dry matter content of the fodder was 10.7%. A grain mix was fed to the goats (798 DM g/d) and sheep (400 DM g/d) during morning and evening milking. Treatment periods were fifteen days. Feed consumed was measured and milk yield and samples were collected on days 13 and 14. Milk samples were analyzed for milk fat, protein, and lactose. The cheese was made from day 14 milk and milk and cheese were analyzed for fatty acid composition. Total DM intake was between 2.7 and 2.9 kg/d for does and was different (P<0.05) between BSF treatments, 2.6 to 3.0 kg/d for ewes. Milk yield was not affected by BSF treatment. Goat milk yield averaged 2681 g/d across the treatments, while sheep was 1021 g/d. Milk fat content increased numerically from 77 to 82 g/d for goats and 50 to 58 g/d for sheep. BSF did not affect goat milk protein g/d, but sheep milk protein increased from 46 to 53 g/d. Goat milk lactose was not changed with BSF inclusion, while sheep milk lactose increased from 47 to 54 g/d. Total solids were not different from BSF in the diet for goats but was for sheep increasing from 143 to 164 g/d. There were no differences in cheese fatty acid composition for either species. The CRTL diet cost $0.82/day for goats and $0.72/d for sheep, while the high level of BSF inclusion cost $1.06/d for goats and $0.91/d for sheep. Based on the parameters of this study, the inclusion of BSF had relatively no effect on goat milk parameters but did improve milk solids in sheep milk, with no increase in milk yield.
{"title":"Inclusion of Barley Fodder in Alfalfa/Grass-Based Diets on Milk Production in Goats and Milking Sheep","authors":"T. F. Robinson, E. Baum","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.122.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.122.129","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Barley Sprout Fodder (BSF) on milk production and milk composition of Saanen goats and Friesian ewes. Twenty Saanen does (1-year-old) and twenty East Friesian ewes (1 to 5 years old), were selected for this experiment, where each species was divided into four treatment groups. Goat treatments consisted of 0 (CRTL), 758 (BSF1), 1498 (BSF2) and 2270 (BSF3) g wet BSF/d added to an alfalfa/grass hay mix provided in random order. Sheep treatments were similar, but 0, 454, 908, and 1362 g wet BSF/d. The dry matter content of the fodder was 10.7%. A grain mix was fed to the goats (798 DM g/d) and sheep (400 DM g/d) during morning and evening milking. Treatment periods were fifteen days. Feed consumed was measured and milk yield and samples were collected on days 13 and 14. Milk samples were analyzed for milk fat, protein, and lactose. The cheese was made from day 14 milk and milk and cheese were analyzed for fatty acid composition. Total DM intake was between 2.7 and 2.9 kg/d for does and was different (P<0.05) between BSF treatments, 2.6 to 3.0 kg/d for ewes. Milk yield was not affected by BSF treatment. Goat milk yield averaged 2681 g/d across the treatments, while sheep was 1021 g/d. Milk fat content increased numerically from 77 to 82 g/d for goats and 50 to 58 g/d for sheep. BSF did not affect goat milk protein g/d, but sheep milk protein increased from 46 to 53 g/d. Goat milk lactose was not changed with BSF inclusion, while sheep milk lactose increased from 47 to 54 g/d. Total solids were not different from BSF in the diet for goats but was for sheep increasing from 143 to 164 g/d. There were no differences in cheese fatty acid composition for either species. The CRTL diet cost $0.82/day for goats and $0.72/d for sheep, while the high level of BSF inclusion cost $1.06/d for goats and $0.91/d for sheep. Based on the parameters of this study, the inclusion of BSF had relatively no effect on goat milk parameters but did improve milk solids in sheep milk, with no increase in milk yield.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44728551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.172.179
Y. Retnani, A. Jayanegara, S. Risyahadi, Mahirah Firdaus, Rafli Ismiadi Wicaksono, N. Barkah, Taryati, M. Baihaqi, T. U. Sujarnoko
{"title":"Feeding by Logistic Feed (Mash, Silage, Pellet and Wafer) Compared with Conventional Feed on Physiological, Blood Biochemical and Body Weight Gain Recovery in Tropical Sheep Pasca Transportation","authors":"Y. Retnani, A. Jayanegara, S. Risyahadi, Mahirah Firdaus, Rafli Ismiadi Wicaksono, N. Barkah, Taryati, M. Baihaqi, T. U. Sujarnoko","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.172.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.172.179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49429754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.165.171
M. S. Anam, B. P. Widyobroto, A. Astuti, A. Agus, S. Retnaningrum
Corresponding Author: Ali Agus Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Email: aliagus@ugm.ac.id Abstract: This study aimed to determine milk production and efficiency of feed utilization of a mixed mineral-enriched essential oils supplementation of lactating dairy cows. Forty-eight Holstein-Friesian cows with a 3.45±0.58 body condition score and 187.08±21.53 days in milk were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments for 46 days. Treatments consisted of no supplementation (CON) or supplementation (AGB) of 0.5% of Agromix Booster® in the Total Mix Ration (TMR). All cows were given the same TMR twice a day (the only difference was the presence or absence of Agromix Booster®). Daily monitoring of milk production, composition, and dry matter intake of cows was calculated and feed efficiency was determined. Compared with CON, cows fed AGB showed an increase in milk yield (P<0.05). However, no significant effects were detected on milk fat content and yield, protein content and yield, lactose content and yield, solid non-fat content, and total solids content (P>0.05). Furthermore, AGB supplementation increased solids non-fat and total solids yield (P<0.05). Dry matter intake and feed efficiency were not affected for dairy cows receiving AGB supplementation (P>0.05). The supplementation of mixed mineralenriched essential oils (Agromix Booster®) at 0.5% of feed ration could improve milk yield but did not affect milk component content and feed efficiency of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.
{"title":"Effect of Mixed Mineral-Enriched Essential Oils Supplementation on Milk Production and Feed Efficiency of Lactating Dairy Cows","authors":"M. S. Anam, B. P. Widyobroto, A. Astuti, A. Agus, S. Retnaningrum","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.165.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.165.171","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Ali Agus Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Email: aliagus@ugm.ac.id Abstract: This study aimed to determine milk production and efficiency of feed utilization of a mixed mineral-enriched essential oils supplementation of lactating dairy cows. Forty-eight Holstein-Friesian cows with a 3.45±0.58 body condition score and 187.08±21.53 days in milk were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments for 46 days. Treatments consisted of no supplementation (CON) or supplementation (AGB) of 0.5% of Agromix Booster® in the Total Mix Ration (TMR). All cows were given the same TMR twice a day (the only difference was the presence or absence of Agromix Booster®). Daily monitoring of milk production, composition, and dry matter intake of cows was calculated and feed efficiency was determined. Compared with CON, cows fed AGB showed an increase in milk yield (P<0.05). However, no significant effects were detected on milk fat content and yield, protein content and yield, lactose content and yield, solid non-fat content, and total solids content (P>0.05). Furthermore, AGB supplementation increased solids non-fat and total solids yield (P<0.05). Dry matter intake and feed efficiency were not affected for dairy cows receiving AGB supplementation (P>0.05). The supplementation of mixed mineralenriched essential oils (Agromix Booster®) at 0.5% of feed ration could improve milk yield but did not affect milk component content and feed efficiency of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45509667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.35.41
Mirnawati, G. Ciptaan, Yoga Seftiadi, M. Makmur
Corresponding Author: Mirnawati Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Email: mirnawati@ansci.unand.ac.id Abstract: This study aims to determine the effects of humic acid dosage and fermentation time with Bacillus subtilis on the nutrient content and quality of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 3 × 4 factorial pattern and 3 replications was applied. The present experiment considered two major parameters, termed A and B. Factor A represents the humic acid dose in three different compositions, including A1 (100), A2 (200) and A3 (300 ppm), while B refers to the fermentation time, comprising B1 (3), B2 (4), B3 (5) and B4 (6 days). Variables employed were enzyme activities of cellulase, manannase and protease, as well as crude protein content, crude fiber, crude fat, nitrogen retention, crude fiber digestibility and metabolic energy. The variance analysis results showed a significant effect (p<0.05) between factors A and B on cellulase, manannase and protease performances as well as crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, nitrogen retention and crude fiber digestibility. Each component also observed a substantial effect (p<0.05) on these parameters. In summary, the PKC samples fermented with B. subtilis at 300 ppm humic acid and 6 days fermentation period generated the optimal results, as indicated by the activities of cellulase 17.86, manannase 25.37 and protease 10. 63 U/mL, as well as the percentage composition of crude protein 28.78, crude fiber 13.55, crude fat 0.76, nitrogen retention 68.76 and crude fiber digestibility 57.47%.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.66.76
E. Sulastri, A. A’yun
: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious respiratory that produces mild gastrointestinal illness. The infection rate of COVID-19 increases in individuals with low immunity. In an effort to prevent this disease transmission, the Government advocates increasing the immunity level along with consuming healthy and balanced diets. The present study discusses the consumption of livestock-origin foods with high nutrient contents that can bolster immunity and invigorate heart condition. In addition, we have discussed the perception, frequency and preference of Indonesians with respect to the consumption of livestock-origin foodstuff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The consumers’ perception was determined based on the aspects of livestock-origin food, COVID-19 and livestock-origin food consumption. This study was conducted during August to October 2020 on 305 respondents. The data were collected from online questionnaires in a Google Doc TM form. Indonesian consumers demonstrated a positive perception of livestock-origin food consumption in strengthening body immunity to prevent COVID-19 infection; this result was significantly affected by the health status ( p ≤0.10). Health status also significantly influenced the consumers’ assessment of livestock-origin food consumption ( p ≤0.10). Furthermore, the income level influenced the livestock-origin food aspect, while gender and level of education influenced the COVID-19 aspect. In terms of purchase frequency, the consumers purchased eggs more frequently during the pandemic, because they were more readily accessible and affordable. Consumers also demonstrated a positive perception with respect to the consumption frequency of meat, milk and eggs ( p ≤0.05). Consumers’ preference suggested that eggs attained priority during the pandemic period the survey was taken. The income level affected the consumers’ preference for meat, milk and eggs ( p ≤0.05). Preference for meat was specifically influenced by gender ( p ≤0.10), for which men showed a strong preference. The consumers’ perception positively influenced the consumption frequency of all livestock-origin food items (meat, eggs and milk).
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.1.10
J. Ngcobo, T. Nedambale, T. C. Chokoe, F. V. Ramukhithi
Corresponding Author: Jabulani Nkululeko Ngcobo Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa Email: jabulaninkululeko@gmail.com Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of age and live body weight on the oestrus response, duration, pregnancy rate and lambing rate among South African indigenous sheep breeds (Zulu sheep = 36, Bapedi sheep = 26, Damara sheep = 10 and Namaqua Afrikaner sheep = 9). Control Intravaginal Drug Release Dispensers (CIDR’s) were inserted into the vagina for 10 days. The twitching of tail and standing to be mounted in the presence of the teaser ram were most targeted signs of oestrus. Data were subjected to an appropriate analysis of variance (ANOVA). The scores were subjected to 1:1 Frequency table and a Chi-Square (2) test for the equal proportions test. One Bapedi ewe loss CIDR before removal date hence was removed from the experimental animals. All Namaqua Afrikaner (100%) ewes responded to the synchronization protocol with the longest oestrus duration (70.7±7.2 h). However, Namaqua Afrikaner sheep scored the lowest rate for conception (44%) and lambing (44%). No significant different (P>0.05) observed for the onset of oestrus among the breeds. Four years old ewes responded better to oestrus synchronization than ≤3, 5 and ≥6 years. Nevertheless, ewes that were ≥6 years old had higher conception rate (94%) and lambing rate (84%). Zulu sheep had higher (89%) lambing rate than Damara (60%) sheep and Namaqua Afrikaner (44%) sheep. Lighter ewes had higher conception (83%) and lambing rate (90%) than heavier (77 and 64%) and moderate (68 and 78%) weights, respectively. In conclusion, Zulu sheep were more fertile than other South African indigenous breeds following oestrus synchronization. On the other hand, young ewes (≤3 years) produced heavier lambs and weaning weight but had higher mortality rate due to inexperience.
通讯作者:Jabulani Nkululeko Ngcobo Tshwane科技大学动物科学系，Private Bag 680，比勒陀利亚，0001，南非电子邮件:jabulaninkululeko@gmail.com本研究的目的是比较年龄和活体重对南非本土绵羊品种(祖鲁羊36只、巴佩迪羊26只、达马拉羊10只和纳玛卡阿非利卡羊9只)的发情反应、持续时间、妊娠率和产羔率的影响。将对照阴道内药物释放器(CIDR)插入阴道10天。尾巴的抽动和在挑逗公羊面前站起来是最有针对性的发情迹象。对数据进行适当的方差分析(ANOVA)。分数采用1:1频率表，等比例检验采用卡方(2)检验。1只Bapedi母羊在移除日期前丢失CIDR，因此从实验动物中移除。所有母羊(100%)的发情期最长(70.7±7.2 h)，受孕率最低(44%)，产羔率最低(44%)。不同品种的发情时间无显著差异(P < 0.05)。4岁母羊对发情同步的反应优于≤3岁、5岁和≥6岁母羊。然而，6岁以上母羊受胎率(94%)和产羔率(84%)较高。祖鲁羊的产羔率(89%)高于达马拉羊(60%)和纳马夸阿非利卡羊(44%)。较轻母羊的受胎率(83%)和产羔率(90%)分别高于较重母羊(77%和64%)和中等母羊(68%和78%)。综上所述，在发情期同步后，祖鲁羊比其他南非地方品种更肥沃。另一方面，幼母羊(≤3岁)产羔和断奶重较重，但由于缺乏经验，死亡率较高。
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