Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.217.224
N. Barkah, Y. Retnani, K. G. Wiryawan, A. Rosmalia
2f19830744565 Kramer, J. W. (2000). Schlam’s Veterinary Hematology. William & Wilkins, Philadelphia. Leonardi, C., Stevenson, M., & Armentano, L. E. (2003). Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 86(12), 4033-4042. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0
{"title":"Growth Performance Serum Biochemical and Hematological Parameters of Lambs Fed with Ration Containing Nigella Sativa Meal in Different Feed Forms","authors":"N. Barkah, Y. Retnani, K. G. Wiryawan, A. Rosmalia","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2021.217.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2021.217.224","url":null,"abstract":"2f19830744565 Kramer, J. W. (2000). Schlam’s Veterinary Hematology. William & Wilkins, Philadelphia. Leonardi, C., Stevenson, M., & Armentano, L. E. (2003). Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 86(12), 4033-4042. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48496761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.335.344
D. Despal, D. Anzhany, I. Permana, R. Zahera, Noerhayati Rofiah, N. Nuraina, A. N. Hamidah
Corresponding Author: Despal Despal Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, West Java, Indonesia Email: despal@apps.ipb.ac.id Abstract: The current milk price system based on Total Plate Count (TPC) and Total Solids (TS) are less sensitive in determining milk quality. Milk fatty acids profiles reflected milk quality for human health. However, their determination using Gas Chromatography (GC) is impracticable to be included as a daily price decision determinant. The study aimed to find a model for milk value added based on milk fatty acids profiles that reflected milk quality for human health measured by pre-calibrated rapid Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) method. Two hundred fifty-six samples of milk were collected from 3 dairy farm areas. Samples were analyzed using a Milkotronic milk analyzer for fat, protein and lactose contents and Gas Chromatography (GC) for fatty acids. The data were inputted into the FT-NIRS spectrum for calibration. The regression model to calculate milk value-added that can be used as a bonus system was developed after classifying and weighting of Milk Fatty Acid Index (MFAI) determined based on expert judgment. The results showed that milk fatty acids profiles vary greatly. Eight parameters (CLA, C16:0, SFA, MUFA, LCFA, PUFA, C18:2 trans9, 12 and H/H) can be detected accurately using FT-NIRS and used in milk value-added calculation. Simpler equation was used Y = 16.38307 + 5.395582 CLA + 0.695062 PUFA 0.0244 C18:2, trans 9, 12 with R = 0.950 and was validated insignificantly different as calculated from the 8 parameters. It is concluded that the milk processing industry can use milk fatty acids generated from FT-NIRS to add value to milk collected from smallholder farmers.
通讯作者:Despal Despal, IPB大学(茂物农业大学)动物科学学院营养与饲料技术系，Jl。摘要:目前基于总盘数(TPC)和总固体含量(TS)的牛奶价格体系对牛奶质量的敏感性较低。牛奶脂肪酸谱反映了牛奶质量对人体健康的影响。然而，用气相色谱法(GC)测定它们是不可行的，不能作为日常价格决策的决定因素。本研究旨在通过预先校准的快速傅立叶变换近红外反射光谱(FT-NIRS)方法，建立基于牛奶脂肪酸谱的牛奶附加值模型，该模型反映了牛奶质量对人体健康的影响。从3个奶牛场采集了256份牛奶样本。样品用Milkotronic牛奶分析仪分析脂肪、蛋白质和乳糖含量，用气相色谱法分析脂肪酸含量。将数据输入FT-NIRS光谱进行校准。根据专家判断，对牛奶脂肪酸指数(MFAI)进行分类和加权后，建立了计算牛奶附加值的回归模型，并将其作为奖励制度。结果表明，牛奶脂肪酸谱差异很大。FT-NIRS可以准确检测到8个参数(CLA、C16:0、SFA、MUFA、LCFA、PUFA、C18:2 trans9、12和H/H)，并用于牛奶增值计算。采用更简单的方程Y = 16.38307 + 5.395582 CLA + 0.695062 PUFA 0.0244 C18:2, trans 9,12, R = 0.950，由8个参数计算，验证差异无统计学意义。综上所述，牛奶加工业可以利用FT-NIRS产生的牛奶脂肪酸为小农收集的牛奶增加价值。
{"title":"Estimation of Milk Fatty Acids Health Index as Milk Value Added Determinant using FT-NIRS","authors":"D. Despal, D. Anzhany, I. Permana, R. Zahera, Noerhayati Rofiah, N. Nuraina, A. N. Hamidah","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2021.335.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2021.335.344","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Despal Despal Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, West Java, Indonesia Email: despal@apps.ipb.ac.id Abstract: The current milk price system based on Total Plate Count (TPC) and Total Solids (TS) are less sensitive in determining milk quality. Milk fatty acids profiles reflected milk quality for human health. However, their determination using Gas Chromatography (GC) is impracticable to be included as a daily price decision determinant. The study aimed to find a model for milk value added based on milk fatty acids profiles that reflected milk quality for human health measured by pre-calibrated rapid Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) method. Two hundred fifty-six samples of milk were collected from 3 dairy farm areas. Samples were analyzed using a Milkotronic milk analyzer for fat, protein and lactose contents and Gas Chromatography (GC) for fatty acids. The data were inputted into the FT-NIRS spectrum for calibration. The regression model to calculate milk value-added that can be used as a bonus system was developed after classifying and weighting of Milk Fatty Acid Index (MFAI) determined based on expert judgment. The results showed that milk fatty acids profiles vary greatly. Eight parameters (CLA, C16:0, SFA, MUFA, LCFA, PUFA, C18:2 trans9, 12 and H/H) can be detected accurately using FT-NIRS and used in milk value-added calculation. Simpler equation was used Y = 16.38307 + 5.395582 CLA + 0.695062 PUFA 0.0244 C18:2, trans 9, 12 with R = 0.950 and was validated insignificantly different as calculated from the 8 parameters. It is concluded that the milk processing industry can use milk fatty acids generated from FT-NIRS to add value to milk collected from smallholder farmers.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.263.271
K. M. Honneysett, M. Mphaphathi, E. Webb, A. Maqhashu
Corresponding Author: Masindi L Mphaphathi Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X 2, Irene, 0062, RSA. Email: masindim@arc.agric.za Abstract: The objectives of the study were to compare oocyte retrieval methods (aspiration and slicing) from pig ovaries on oocyte quality and quantity; compare in vitro maturation (IVM) media (North Carolina State University-NCSU 37, Tissue Culture Medium-TCM 199 and porcine follicular fluid-mpFF) on oocytes polar body extrusion; compare the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) and frozen-thawed semen on cleavage rates and compare the effect of culture media, cNCSU 37 and cpFF, on cleavage rates. Follicular fluid collected from the retrieval methods was assessed for the presence of oocytes and categorized as either Grades A, B, or C. Grades A and B oocytes were randomly allocated per treatment groups, matured for 44h and checked for polar body extrusion. Matured oocytes were randomly allocated to either ES or traditional in vitro fertilization (IVF) with frozenthawed semen. The ES and IVF took place in conjunction with in vitro culture (IVC) media. Zygotes were checked for cleavage and recorded. The treatment means were compared using the Fisher’s protected t-test least significant difference. Slicing had significantly higher amounts of Grade A (58.7%) and Grade B (50.8%) oocytes than the aspiration method. Oocytes polar body extrusion were 25.3, 84.2 and 73.8% for NCSU 37, TCM 199 and mpFF respectively. Zygotes cleavage was 48.1% for traditional IVF and 56.8% for ES; 66.6% for cNCSU 37 and 45.7% for cpFF. Slicing proved to be better than the aspiration method for the total amount of Grades A and B oocytes retrieved. The TCM 199 and mpFF media had a higher percentage of oocytes with polar body extrusion than NCSU 37. Cleavage rate of zygotes was higher when using ES and cNCSU 37.
通讯作者：Masindi L Mphapathi农业研究委员会，动物生产、种质保护和生殖生物技术，Private Bag X 2，Irene，0062，RSA。电子邮件：masindim@arc.agric.za摘要：本研究的目的是比较从猪卵巢取出卵母细胞的方法（抽吸和切片）对卵母细胞质量和数量的影响；比较体外成熟（IVM）培养基（北卡罗来纳州立大学NCSU 37、组织培养基TCM 199和猪卵泡液mpFF）对卵母细胞极体挤出的影响；比较电刺激（ES）和冻融精液对卵裂率的影响，并比较培养基cNCSU 37和cpFF对卵裂速率的影响。评估从回收方法收集的卵泡液中是否存在卵母细胞，并将其分为A、B或C级。将A和B级卵母细胞随机分配给每个治疗组，成熟44小时，并检查极体挤出情况。成熟的卵母细胞被随机分配给ES或传统的冷冻精液体外受精（IVF）。ES和IVF与体外培养基结合进行。检查受精卵的卵裂情况并记录。使用Fisher保护t检验对治疗平均值进行比较，差异最小。切片法的A级（58.7%）和B级（50.8%）卵母细胞数量显著高于抽吸法。NCSU37、TCM199和mpFF的卵母细胞极体挤出率分别为25.3%、84.2%和73.8%。传统IVF和ES的卵裂率分别为48.1%和56.8%；cNCSU 37为66.6%，cpFF为45.7%。切片法被证明比抽吸法回收的A级和B级卵母细胞总量更好。TCM199和mpFF培养基具有比NCSU37更高的极体挤出卵母细胞百分比。使用ES和cNCSU37的受精卵切割率较高。
{"title":"Investigation of Oocyte Retrieval Methods and Maturation Media on in vitro Development of Porcine Embryos","authors":"K. M. Honneysett, M. Mphaphathi, E. Webb, A. Maqhashu","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2021.263.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2021.263.271","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Masindi L Mphaphathi Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X 2, Irene, 0062, RSA. Email: masindim@arc.agric.za Abstract: The objectives of the study were to compare oocyte retrieval methods (aspiration and slicing) from pig ovaries on oocyte quality and quantity; compare in vitro maturation (IVM) media (North Carolina State University-NCSU 37, Tissue Culture Medium-TCM 199 and porcine follicular fluid-mpFF) on oocytes polar body extrusion; compare the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) and frozen-thawed semen on cleavage rates and compare the effect of culture media, cNCSU 37 and cpFF, on cleavage rates. Follicular fluid collected from the retrieval methods was assessed for the presence of oocytes and categorized as either Grades A, B, or C. Grades A and B oocytes were randomly allocated per treatment groups, matured for 44h and checked for polar body extrusion. Matured oocytes were randomly allocated to either ES or traditional in vitro fertilization (IVF) with frozenthawed semen. The ES and IVF took place in conjunction with in vitro culture (IVC) media. Zygotes were checked for cleavage and recorded. The treatment means were compared using the Fisher’s protected t-test least significant difference. Slicing had significantly higher amounts of Grade A (58.7%) and Grade B (50.8%) oocytes than the aspiration method. Oocytes polar body extrusion were 25.3, 84.2 and 73.8% for NCSU 37, TCM 199 and mpFF respectively. Zygotes cleavage was 48.1% for traditional IVF and 56.8% for ES; 66.6% for cNCSU 37 and 45.7% for cpFF. Slicing proved to be better than the aspiration method for the total amount of Grades A and B oocytes retrieved. The TCM 199 and mpFF media had a higher percentage of oocytes with polar body extrusion than NCSU 37. Cleavage rate of zygotes was higher when using ES and cNCSU 37.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.327.334
I. Mironova, V. Beresnev, H. Tagirov, Z. Galieva, A. Gaag, R. Khabibullin
Department of Technologies of Meat, Dairy Products and Chemistry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russian Federation Department of Economics and Law, Tomsk Agricultural Institute Branch Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Novosibirsk State Agrarian University", Tomsk, Russian Federation Department of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russian Federation
{"title":"Meat Productivity of Hereford Breed Calves with the Carbohydrate Complex Diet","authors":"I. Mironova, V. Beresnev, H. Tagirov, Z. Galieva, A. Gaag, R. Khabibullin","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2021.327.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2021.327.334","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Technologies of Meat, Dairy Products and Chemistry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education \"Bashkir State Agrarian University\", Ufa, Russian Federation Department of Economics and Law, Tomsk Agricultural Institute Branch Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education \"Novosibirsk State Agrarian University\", Tomsk, Russian Federation Department of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education \"Bashkir State Agrarian University\", Ufa, Russian Federation","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.278.288
L. T. Rashijane, V. Mbazima, Thobela Louis Tyasi
Corresponding Author: Thobela Louis Tyasi School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Limpopo, South Africa E-mail: louis.tyasi@ul.ac.za Abstract: A total of 72 Boer goats (females = 58 and males = 14) from the age of one to five years were used to determine the association between Body Weight (BW) and linear body measurement traits viz. Body Length (BL), Heart Girth (HG), Rump Height (RH), Rump Width (RW), Ear Length (EL), Cannon Circumference (CC) and Heard Width (HW) and to establish a model for the prediction of BW using linear body measurement traits. Pearson correlation results indicated that BW in Boer goats had a positively high statistically association (P<0.01) with BL (r = 0.86**), HG (r = 0.89**), RH (r = 0.75**), CC (r = 0.58**) and HW (r = 0.65**). Furthermore, the results showed that BW in bucks had a positively high statistical correlation (P<0.01) with BL (r = 0.62**), HG (r = 0.83**), RH (r = 0. 56**) and HW (r = 0.51**) and a positive statistical correlation (P<0.05) with RW (r = 0.31*) and CC (r = 0.36*), as well as a negative statistical association (P<0.05) with EL (r = -0.25*). The regression results suggest that improving BL and HG might result in the improvement of BW in Boer goats.
通讯作者：Thobela Louis Tyasi农业与环境科学学院，林波波大学农业经济与动物生产系，Private Bag X1106，Sovenga 0727，Limpopo，South Africa电子邮件：louis.tyasi@ul.ac.za摘要：用72只1～5岁的波尔山羊（雌性58只，雄性14只）测定了体重（BW）与线性身体测量特征（即体长（BL）、心围（HG）、瘤胃高度（RH）、瘤胃宽度（RW）、耳长（EL），炮周（CC）和耳宽（HW），并建立一个使用线性身体测量特征预测BW的模型。Pearson相关结果表明，波尔山羊的体重与BL（r=0.86**）、HG（r=0.89**）、RH（r=0.75**）、CC（r=0.58**）和HW（r=0.65**）呈正相关（P<0.01）。56**）和HW（r=0.51**），与RW（r=0.31*）和CC（r=0.36*）呈正相关（P<0.05），与EL（r=-0.25*）负相关（P<0.01）。
{"title":"Prediction of Body Weight from Linear Body Measurement Traits of Boer Goats Raised at Farm Tivolie, Limpopo Province, South Africa","authors":"L. T. Rashijane, V. Mbazima, Thobela Louis Tyasi","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2021.278.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2021.278.288","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Thobela Louis Tyasi School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Limpopo, South Africa E-mail: louis.tyasi@ul.ac.za Abstract: A total of 72 Boer goats (females = 58 and males = 14) from the age of one to five years were used to determine the association between Body Weight (BW) and linear body measurement traits viz. Body Length (BL), Heart Girth (HG), Rump Height (RH), Rump Width (RW), Ear Length (EL), Cannon Circumference (CC) and Heard Width (HW) and to establish a model for the prediction of BW using linear body measurement traits. Pearson correlation results indicated that BW in Boer goats had a positively high statistically association (P<0.01) with BL (r = 0.86**), HG (r = 0.89**), RH (r = 0.75**), CC (r = 0.58**) and HW (r = 0.65**). Furthermore, the results showed that BW in bucks had a positively high statistical correlation (P<0.01) with BL (r = 0.62**), HG (r = 0.83**), RH (r = 0. 56**) and HW (r = 0.51**) and a positive statistical correlation (P<0.05) with RW (r = 0.31*) and CC (r = 0.36*), as well as a negative statistical association (P<0.05) with EL (r = -0.25*). The regression results suggest that improving BL and HG might result in the improvement of BW in Boer goats.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46802337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.289.294
A. Setiadi, S. I. Santoso, E. Suprijatna, T. Sarjana, J. Mariyono
Corresponding Author: Agus Setiadi Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Email: agussetiadi@lecturer.undip.ac.id Abstract: The duck farming business faces the high feeding costs problem. Kariba Weed (KW) is an alternative feed that has been widely used as a source of ducks' feeding materials. However, a problem exists because KW contains high crude fibre. Fermented KW that contains microbes will reduce the crude fibre content, leading to a good quality of duck meat. This study aimed to perform technical and economic analysis about the Fermented Kariba Weed (FKW) effect on the male Magelang duck’s growth. The research was conducted in Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Indonesia. The research used 240 male Magelang ducks with 741.61±251.57 g body weight. Research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments and six replications. Each experimental unit consisted of eight ducks. The treatments included F0: Ration using nonKW, F1: Rations containing KW fermented with Aspergillus niger (AFKW), F2: Rations containing KW fermented with Rhizopus (RFKW), F3: Rations containing KW fermented with Trichoderma sp (TFKW) and F4: Rations containing KW fermented with Termite digestive tract enzymes (TDTFKW). Research lasted 6 weeks. This research's parameters were feed consumption, daily weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), mortality, final weight gain and economic feasibility indicators. The results showed a significant difference in duck feed and showed the best effect in the AFKW treatment. The AFKW gave the best results. Feed consumption was significantly different (p = 0.002) among the other treatments. The results showed that giving AFKW in duck feed could reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The AFKW adoption was economically feasible when the farmer raised 2,000 ducks. The economic feasibility analysis showed an investment value requirement of Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 89,000,000, with a net present value in IDR 148,000,000, with a payback period of 21 months, a benefit-cost ratio of 1.3, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was 51.06 and price sensitivity analysis was 23%. The AFKW use on farmers’ scale could lower cholesterol and triglycerides levels in duck meat and also provided the highest income.
通讯作者：Agus Setiadi Universitas Diponegoro，三宝垄，印度尼西亚电子邮件：agussetiadi@lecturer.undip.ac.id摘要：养鸭业面临饲养成本高的问题。Kariba Weed（KW）是一种替代饲料，已被广泛用作鸭的饲料来源。然而，由于KW含有高粗纤维，因此存在问题。含有微生物的发酵KW可以降低粗纤维含量，从而获得优质鸭肉。本研究旨在对发酵Kariba杂草（FKW）对雄性马哲朗鸭生长发育的影响进行技术经济分析。这项研究是在印度尼西亚迪波涅哥罗大学动物和农业科学学院进行的。本研究选用雄性马哲朗鸭240只，体重741.61±251.57g。研究采用随机分组设计（RBD），共有五次治疗和六次重复。每个实验单元由八只鸭子组成。处理包括F0：用非KW发酵的日粮，F1：用黑曲霉发酵的含KW的日粮（AFKW），F2：用根霉发酵的含KW。研究持续了6周。本研究的参数包括饲料消耗量、日增重、饲料转化率、死亡率、最终增重和经济可行性指标。结果表明，鸭饲料差异显著，AFKW处理效果最好。AFKW给出了最好的结果。饲料消耗量在其他处理之间有显著差异（p=0.002）。结果表明，在鸭饲料中添加AFKW可以降低胆固醇和甘油三酯水平。当农民饲养了2000只鸭子时，采用AFKW在经济上是可行的。经济可行性分析显示，投资价值要求为89000000印尼盾，净现值为148000000印尼盾，投资回收期为21个月，效益成本比为1.3，内部收益率为51.06，价格敏感性分析为23%。农民规模使用AFKW可以降低鸭肉中的胆固醇和甘油三酯水平，还可以提供最高的收入。
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Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.247.262
Charbel Fadel, I. Sartini, M. Giorgi
Corresponding Author: Mario Giorgi Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Email: mario.giorgi@unipi.it Abstract: Paracetamol (APAP) is an aniline analgesic, antipyretic and nonnarcotic. It is an essential drug, widely used in human medicine. In veterinary medicine it has an extra label use in many countries. It is used exclusively in some animals, including dogs. It has a mechanism of action similar to that of NSAIDs, as well as other unique characteristics. A variety of studies on APAP in dogs have been published since its introduction into several clinical practices, covering pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, effectiveness and toxicity when inadvertent or accidental overdosing occurs. When taken at therapeutic doses, APAP has been proven to be a powerful and effective analgesic and antipyretic in dogs, as well as having some anti-inflammatory effects. On the other hand, it should be used with caution. This study is a documentation of the therapeutic, toxic and lethal doses of APAP in dogs, as well as the therapeutic effects, clinical application, mostly for the control of post-operative pain and its toxic effects.
{"title":"Paracetamol: A Focus on Dogs","authors":"Charbel Fadel, I. Sartini, M. Giorgi","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2021.247.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2021.247.262","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Mario Giorgi Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Email: mario.giorgi@unipi.it Abstract: Paracetamol (APAP) is an aniline analgesic, antipyretic and nonnarcotic. It is an essential drug, widely used in human medicine. In veterinary medicine it has an extra label use in many countries. It is used exclusively in some animals, including dogs. It has a mechanism of action similar to that of NSAIDs, as well as other unique characteristics. A variety of studies on APAP in dogs have been published since its introduction into several clinical practices, covering pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, effectiveness and toxicity when inadvertent or accidental overdosing occurs. When taken at therapeutic doses, APAP has been proven to be a powerful and effective analgesic and antipyretic in dogs, as well as having some anti-inflammatory effects. On the other hand, it should be used with caution. This study is a documentation of the therapeutic, toxic and lethal doses of APAP in dogs, as well as the therapeutic effects, clinical application, mostly for the control of post-operative pain and its toxic effects.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41989425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.233.246
A. Aleixo, Mayra de Castro Ferreira Lima, Ana Luísa Holanda de Albuquerque, Raphael Tortorelli Teixeira, D. Ferreira, L. G. Albertino, M. Tsunemi, S. Chiacchio, M. Lourenço
{"title":"Perinatal Cardiovascular Evaluation in Dorper Sheep Echocardiographic Description and Behavior of the Heart Rate Variability on the Field","authors":"A. Aleixo, Mayra de Castro Ferreira Lima, Ana Luísa Holanda de Albuquerque, Raphael Tortorelli Teixeira, D. Ferreira, L. G. Albertino, M. Tsunemi, S. Chiacchio, M. Lourenço","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2021.233.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2021.233.246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47015692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.312.317
A. Suresti, R. Wati, Uyung Gatot, Alizar Hasan
Corresponding Author: Amna Suresti Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia E-mail: amnareres@yahoo.com Abstract: This research aims to determine the regional core competencies to strengthen the city of Payahkumbuh’s Regional Innovation System by developing processed livestock products such as Rendang, a traditional dish popular in the Province of West Sumatra. Rendang is processed meat obtained from a long low-temperature cooking process using chilies and coconut milk. The city of Payakumbuh, located in West Sumatra, is one of the centers for the rendang processing industry that produces different types of rendang products including beef rendang, chicken rendang, egg rendang, lung rendang, sweet potato rendang, etc. This research discusses the added value of rendang products as an effort to increase the food industry to increase competitiveness and food production within the framework of a regional innovation and development through livestock product processing industry. Primary data were obtained through interviews with actors within the rendang industry. While secondary data derive from rendang industry literature. The data analysis used is the value-added analysis drawing on the Hayami method. The results show that the highest ratio of added value is egg rendang product (16.19%), followed by lung rendang with a value-added ratio of 8.44%.
{"title":"Analysis of Added Value of Various Rendang Products in Strengthening Regional Innovation System in the City of Payakumbuh, West Sumatera","authors":"A. Suresti, R. Wati, Uyung Gatot, Alizar Hasan","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2021.312.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2021.312.317","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Amna Suresti Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia E-mail: amnareres@yahoo.com Abstract: This research aims to determine the regional core competencies to strengthen the city of Payahkumbuh’s Regional Innovation System by developing processed livestock products such as Rendang, a traditional dish popular in the Province of West Sumatra. Rendang is processed meat obtained from a long low-temperature cooking process using chilies and coconut milk. The city of Payakumbuh, located in West Sumatra, is one of the centers for the rendang processing industry that produces different types of rendang products including beef rendang, chicken rendang, egg rendang, lung rendang, sweet potato rendang, etc. This research discusses the added value of rendang products as an effort to increase the food industry to increase competitiveness and food production within the framework of a regional innovation and development through livestock product processing industry. Primary data were obtained through interviews with actors within the rendang industry. While secondary data derive from rendang industry literature. The data analysis used is the value-added analysis drawing on the Hayami method. The results show that the highest ratio of added value is egg rendang product (16.19%), followed by lung rendang with a value-added ratio of 8.44%.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46242536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2021.139.143
K. Mokoena, Thobela Louis Tyasi
Corresponding Author: Thobela Louis Tyasi School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Limpopo, South Africa Email: louis.tyasi@ul.ac.za Abstract: The study was conducted to assess the association among 6 different growth traits viz; X setBirth Weight (BW), Heart Girth (HG), Rump Height (RH), Sternum Height (SH), Body Length (BL), Withers Height (WH), assessed at birth and viz; Y SetHeart Girth (HG_3), Body Length (BL_3), Rump Height (RH_3), Weaning Weight (WW), Withers Height (WH_3), Sternum Height (SH_3) at weaning Measured in fifty (n = 50) non-descript goat kids. Pearson’s correlation and canonical correlation analysis were employed, outcome of Pearson’s highlighted that BW had a positive highly statistical correlation with WW (r = 0.85**), WH_3 (r = 0.61**) and SH_3 (r = 0.83**) at P < 0.01. Results of canonical correlation showed an estimated canonical correlation coefficient (r = 0.881) that was significant among the first pair of canonical variables (P < 0.01). The results indicated that WH and HG had a greater contribution to the explanatory capacity of canonical correlation estimation at birth while BL_3 and RH_3 contributed mostly at weaning of non-descript goats. The findings of the study suggest that the heart girth and withers height might be used at birth as criteria for genetic improvement in non-descript goat kid’s selection.
通讯作者:南非林波波大学农业经济与动物生产系农业与环境科学学院Thobela Louis Tyasi, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Limpopo, South Africa Email: louis.tyasi@ul.ac.za摘要:本研究评估了6个不同生长性状之间的相关性，即:X:出生体重(BW)、胸围(HG)、臀高(RH)、胸骨高度(SH)、体长(BL)、肩高(WH)，在出生和出生时评估;Y在50只(n = 50)非描述性山羊幼山羊中测量的断奶时胸围(HG_3)、体长(BL_3)、臀高(RH_3)、断奶体重(WW)、肩隆高度(WH_3)、胸骨高度(SH_3)。采用Pearson相关和典型相关分析，Pearson结果显示体重与WW (r = 0.85**)、WH_3 (r = 0.61**)、SH_3 (r = 0.83**)呈高度正相关，P < 0.01。典型相关结果显示，在第一对典型变量中，估计的典型相关系数(r = 0.881)显著(P < 0.01)。结果表明，WH和HG在出生时对典型相关估计的解释能力贡献较大，而BL_3和RH_3在断奶时贡献最大。研究结果表明，出生时的心脏周长和肩胛骨高度可以作为非描述性山羊幼崽选择遗传改进的标准。
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