Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.219.227
Panjono, A. Agus, T. Hartatik, Ismaya, Budi Prasetya Widyobroto, I. Budisatria, P. Leroy, N. Antoine-Moussiaux
: This study was conducted to observe characteristics and preweaning growth traits of calves born from crossbreeding between Wagyu and Belgian Blue (BB) bulls with Brahman Cross (BX) dams. The experiment was conducted to compare two different crosses Belgian Blue (BB) x BX, Wagyu x BX and also with BX pure breed (BX x BX). In the first two crosses, we used Artificial Insemination (AI), while in the third natural mating occurred. The number of calves in the experiment was 18 from the first cross (BB-crossed), 17 from the second cross (Wagyu-crossed), and 15 from the third (BX).BB The calves were raised together with their dams until they reached weaning age in 180 days. The data collected was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney Test for significant differences. The coat colors of BB-crossed calves were predominantly black (77.22%), and all Wagyu-crossed calves were red; whereas BX calves' coat colors vary: 37.5% black, 31.25% red, and 31.25% white. There was no significant difference among groups in body size (except the withers height) and weight at birth. The BB-crossed, Wagyu-crossed and BX calves showed the preweaning growth on body length of 0.15±0.03, 0.17±0.03 and 0.11±0.03 cm/day; withers height of 0.18±0.02, 0.14±0.02 and 0.10±0.02 cm/day; heart girth of 0.32±0.05, 0.24±0.03 and 0.16±0.03 cm/day and daily body weight of 0.74±0.13, 0.62±0.06 and 0.39±0.11 kg/day respectively. The average daily gain of body length on BB-crossed and Wagyu-crossed calves was higher (P<0.05) than that of BX calves. The average withers height, heart girth, and body weight daily gain of BB-crossed calves were higher (P<0.05) than those of Wagyu-crossed calves and Wagyu-crossed calves were higher (P<0.05) than those of BX calves. It is concluded that crossing Brahman Cross dams with Belgian Blue and Wagyu bulls improves body size and weight gain of calves; further, crossbreeding with Belgian Blue bulls gives better improvement than that with Wagyu bulls.
{"title":"Characteristics and Pre-Weaning Growth of Crossbred between Belgian Blue and Wagyu Bulls with Brahman Cross Dams","authors":"Panjono, A. Agus, T. Hartatik, Ismaya, Budi Prasetya Widyobroto, I. Budisatria, P. Leroy, N. Antoine-Moussiaux","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.219.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.219.227","url":null,"abstract":": This study was conducted to observe characteristics and preweaning growth traits of calves born from crossbreeding between Wagyu and Belgian Blue (BB) bulls with Brahman Cross (BX) dams. The experiment was conducted to compare two different crosses Belgian Blue (BB) x BX, Wagyu x BX and also with BX pure breed (BX x BX). In the first two crosses, we used Artificial Insemination (AI), while in the third natural mating occurred. The number of calves in the experiment was 18 from the first cross (BB-crossed), 17 from the second cross (Wagyu-crossed), and 15 from the third (BX).BB The calves were raised together with their dams until they reached weaning age in 180 days. The data collected was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney Test for significant differences. The coat colors of BB-crossed calves were predominantly black (77.22%), and all Wagyu-crossed calves were red; whereas BX calves' coat colors vary: 37.5% black, 31.25% red, and 31.25% white. There was no significant difference among groups in body size (except the withers height) and weight at birth. The BB-crossed, Wagyu-crossed and BX calves showed the preweaning growth on body length of 0.15±0.03, 0.17±0.03 and 0.11±0.03 cm/day; withers height of 0.18±0.02, 0.14±0.02 and 0.10±0.02 cm/day; heart girth of 0.32±0.05, 0.24±0.03 and 0.16±0.03 cm/day and daily body weight of 0.74±0.13, 0.62±0.06 and 0.39±0.11 kg/day respectively. The average daily gain of body length on BB-crossed and Wagyu-crossed calves was higher (P<0.05) than that of BX calves. The average withers height, heart girth, and body weight daily gain of BB-crossed calves were higher (P<0.05) than those of Wagyu-crossed calves and Wagyu-crossed calves were higher (P<0.05) than those of BX calves. It is concluded that crossing Brahman Cross dams with Belgian Blue and Wagyu bulls improves body size and weight gain of calves; further, crossbreeding with Belgian Blue bulls gives better improvement than that with Wagyu bulls.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47015583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.203.210
Maskur, A. S. Drajat, Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede, M. Sriasih, D. Kisworo
: The research was to examine the hematological characteristic of fascioliasis in Bali cattle in year-round irrigated rice fields in tropical areas. Fifty cattle raised in rice field areas were examined by hematology, coproscopy, physiology, and liver function tests. The results showed that 50 cattle had heartbeat, respiratory and rectal temperature in normal standard, but, 41 (82%) out of 50 cattle were found positive for Fasciola eggs with egg per gram (epg) varying from 1 to 30. Indicators of liver function such as total bilirubin, alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) were under the normal conditions, except ɣ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) which was higher than the normal standard, indicating long-term liver damage and aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) less than normal on two cattle. Examination of Red Blood Cells (RBC) showed that 3 out of 20 cattle had an erythrocyte of 4.30 (10 6 /µL) which can be categorized as anemia; 3 out of 20 cattle had higher Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) than normal, which indicated as a macrocytic condition. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) in all the cattle was higher than 17 (p.g.,) which indicated hyperchromic erythrocyte, while MCHC was still at the normal levels. In terms of WBC, 8 out of 20 cattle showed leukocytes concentration higher than 12 (10 3 /µL), and 6 cattle had eosinophils, band neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, and monocytes higher than the normal level and 6 cattle showed platelet concentration less than 100 (10 3 /µL).
{"title":"Hematological and Biochemical Analysis of Asymptomatic Fascioliasis of Bali Cattle (Bos Javanicus)","authors":"Maskur, A. S. Drajat, Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede, M. Sriasih, D. Kisworo","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.203.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.203.210","url":null,"abstract":": The research was to examine the hematological characteristic of fascioliasis in Bali cattle in year-round irrigated rice fields in tropical areas. Fifty cattle raised in rice field areas were examined by hematology, coproscopy, physiology, and liver function tests. The results showed that 50 cattle had heartbeat, respiratory and rectal temperature in normal standard, but, 41 (82%) out of 50 cattle were found positive for Fasciola eggs with egg per gram (epg) varying from 1 to 30. Indicators of liver function such as total bilirubin, alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) were under the normal conditions, except ɣ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) which was higher than the normal standard, indicating long-term liver damage and aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) less than normal on two cattle. Examination of Red Blood Cells (RBC) showed that 3 out of 20 cattle had an erythrocyte of 4.30 (10 6 /µL) which can be categorized as anemia; 3 out of 20 cattle had higher Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) than normal, which indicated as a macrocytic condition. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) in all the cattle was higher than 17 (p.g.,) which indicated hyperchromic erythrocyte, while MCHC was still at the normal levels. In terms of WBC, 8 out of 20 cattle showed leukocytes concentration higher than 12 (10 3 /µL), and 6 cattle had eosinophils, band neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, and monocytes higher than the normal level and 6 cattle showed platelet concentration less than 100 (10 3 /µL).","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41607900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.198.202
Kuswati, W. A. Septian, Khairul Rasyad, R. Prafitri, A. Huda, A. Yekti, T. Susilawati
: One of the potencies of Madura cow genetics is its adaptation ability to the tropical climate. Yet in most cases, the reproduction efficiency of the Madura cows has not reached the optimum point. This research examines the use of double-dose artificial insemination compared to a single-dose on Madura cows. The study was conducted in Daramista, Lenteng District, Sumenep Regency, Madura, East Java. This research utilized an experimental field method with purposive sampling on 100 Madura cows, with a body condition score of 3-4, aged about 2-6 years old. The treatments were divided into two groups, T0 and T1. T0 cows received single-dose artificial insemination treatment on the 8 th h after estrus and T1 cows received double-dose artificial insemination treatment on the 2 nd and 8 th h after estrus. The Singosari National Artificial Insemination Centre produced Madura bull frozen semen straws used in this research. Before inseminating, frozen semen straws were thawed at 28°C for 30 sec. This research observed some variables, including; Non-Return Rate (NRR1, NRR2, NRR3), Service per Conception (S/C), Conception Rate (CR), and estrus quality condition as supporting data. The researchers analyzed the data descriptively and through chi-square analysis. The result of the study showed that NRR1, NRR2, and NRR3 of T0 were 94, 84, and 70%, while NRR1, NRR2, and NRR3 T1 were 92, 86, and 82%. The CR of T0 was 64% compared to the CR of T1 at 76%. The double dose insemination method at different times on the 2 nd and 8 th h after estrus can increase the reproduction performance in Madura cows.
{"title":"The Increase of Madura Cows Reproduction Performance with Double-Dose Method of Artificial Insemination","authors":"Kuswati, W. A. Septian, Khairul Rasyad, R. Prafitri, A. Huda, A. Yekti, T. Susilawati","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.198.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.198.202","url":null,"abstract":": One of the potencies of Madura cow genetics is its adaptation ability to the tropical climate. Yet in most cases, the reproduction efficiency of the Madura cows has not reached the optimum point. This research examines the use of double-dose artificial insemination compared to a single-dose on Madura cows. The study was conducted in Daramista, Lenteng District, Sumenep Regency, Madura, East Java. This research utilized an experimental field method with purposive sampling on 100 Madura cows, with a body condition score of 3-4, aged about 2-6 years old. The treatments were divided into two groups, T0 and T1. T0 cows received single-dose artificial insemination treatment on the 8 th h after estrus and T1 cows received double-dose artificial insemination treatment on the 2 nd and 8 th h after estrus. The Singosari National Artificial Insemination Centre produced Madura bull frozen semen straws used in this research. Before inseminating, frozen semen straws were thawed at 28°C for 30 sec. This research observed some variables, including; Non-Return Rate (NRR1, NRR2, NRR3), Service per Conception (S/C), Conception Rate (CR), and estrus quality condition as supporting data. The researchers analyzed the data descriptively and through chi-square analysis. The result of the study showed that NRR1, NRR2, and NRR3 of T0 were 94, 84, and 70%, while NRR1, NRR2, and NRR3 T1 were 92, 86, and 82%. The CR of T0 was 64% compared to the CR of T1 at 76%. The double dose insemination method at different times on the 2 nd and 8 th h after estrus can increase the reproduction performance in Madura cows.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70180680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.187.197
Charbel Fadel, I. Sartini, M. Giorgi
: Gabapentin (GBP) is an antiepileptic and analgesic drug that is derived from gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is used as an analgesic in multimodal pain management, as well as an anticonvulsant and anxiolytic, off-label in animals. Particularly, oral GBP prescriptions for cattle are becoming increasingly popular. Since its introduction into cattle farm practices, several types of research on GBP in cattle have been published, covering pharmacokinetics and safety studies. Other studies concerning cattle dehorning and lameness have found synergism when GBP and meloxicam are co-administered. Because of the significant therapeutic effect of these medications when used together, practical veterinarians might be able to execute other surgical procedures on cattle without causing pain to the animals. This is important because pain management and the prevention of animal suffering are critical components of the animal well-being approach in veterinary medicine. Oral doses between 10 and 20 mg/kg were safe, and effective in dehorning and lameness, in combination with MEL. Such dose is preferable to be administered 8 h before any procedure, as part of the preemptive therapy. This review focuses on the clinical applications and therapeutic effects of GBP in cattle, both for farming practices and surgical interventions.
{"title":"Gabapentin in Cattle: A Pharmacology Snapshot","authors":"Charbel Fadel, I. Sartini, M. Giorgi","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.187.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.187.197","url":null,"abstract":": Gabapentin (GBP) is an antiepileptic and analgesic drug that is derived from gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is used as an analgesic in multimodal pain management, as well as an anticonvulsant and anxiolytic, off-label in animals. Particularly, oral GBP prescriptions for cattle are becoming increasingly popular. Since its introduction into cattle farm practices, several types of research on GBP in cattle have been published, covering pharmacokinetics and safety studies. Other studies concerning cattle dehorning and lameness have found synergism when GBP and meloxicam are co-administered. Because of the significant therapeutic effect of these medications when used together, practical veterinarians might be able to execute other surgical procedures on cattle without causing pain to the animals. This is important because pain management and the prevention of animal suffering are critical components of the animal well-being approach in veterinary medicine. Oral doses between 10 and 20 mg/kg were safe, and effective in dehorning and lameness, in combination with MEL. Such dose is preferable to be administered 8 h before any procedure, as part of the preemptive therapy. This review focuses on the clinical applications and therapeutic effects of GBP in cattle, both for farming practices and surgical interventions.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42414409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.211.218
Belan A. Astemirov, S. Mamadaliyev, Yuliya V. Perfiliyeva, Marina A. Kopochenya
: From August to December 2020, a new outbreak of H5 avian influenza caused another serious animal health emergency in Kazakhstan, leading to the deaths or culling of more than 500 000 chickens. This outbreak renewed interest in developing prevention strategies for this re-emerging infection. In this study, we evaluated poultry seroconversion levels after two H5 vaccines. Regardless of age, productivity, and scheme of vaccination Super Nick layers (a total of 368 heads) received a single dose of an inactivated whole H5 vaccine or a baculovirus-derived H5 vaccine, respectively. We assessed the seroconversion by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. Cloacal and tracheal swabs were tested for Influenza A Virus (AIV) by real-time PCR to monitor the field AIV circulation. The analysis of 368 serum samples showed that the inactivated vaccine provided a significantly higher humoral immune response when compared to the baculovirus-derived vaccine as evaluated by both ELISA and HI in 30, 60, and 120 Days Post-Vaccination (DPV). Thus, our study demonstrates that under farm conditions classical Inactivated Avian Influenza (AIV) vaccine induces a higher seroconversion level against the H5N1 virus predicting better protection against field infection, than a baculovirus-derived H5 vaccine.
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Seroconversion in Poultry Vaccinated with Two Avian Influenza Vaccines","authors":"Belan A. Astemirov, S. Mamadaliyev, Yuliya V. Perfiliyeva, Marina A. Kopochenya","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.211.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.211.218","url":null,"abstract":": From August to December 2020, a new outbreak of H5 avian influenza caused another serious animal health emergency in Kazakhstan, leading to the deaths or culling of more than 500 000 chickens. This outbreak renewed interest in developing prevention strategies for this re-emerging infection. In this study, we evaluated poultry seroconversion levels after two H5 vaccines. Regardless of age, productivity, and scheme of vaccination Super Nick layers (a total of 368 heads) received a single dose of an inactivated whole H5 vaccine or a baculovirus-derived H5 vaccine, respectively. We assessed the seroconversion by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. Cloacal and tracheal swabs were tested for Influenza A Virus (AIV) by real-time PCR to monitor the field AIV circulation. The analysis of 368 serum samples showed that the inactivated vaccine provided a significantly higher humoral immune response when compared to the baculovirus-derived vaccine as evaluated by both ELISA and HI in 30, 60, and 120 Days Post-Vaccination (DPV). Thus, our study demonstrates that under farm conditions classical Inactivated Avian Influenza (AIV) vaccine induces a higher seroconversion level against the H5N1 virus predicting better protection against field infection, than a baculovirus-derived H5 vaccine.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46413100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.148.153
Sabrina, Husmaini, Firda Arlina, Linda Suhartati
Corresponding Author: Sabrina Faculty of Animal Science Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Email: sabrina@ansci.unand.ac.id Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the performance of male Kamang ducks reared with pools and without pools with three different levels of ration energy. This study used a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a divided plot design with the main plot consisting of pools, and without pools, subplots consisted of ration energy levels of E1 (2700 Kcal/kg), E2 (2900 Kcal/kg) and E3 (3100 Kcal/kg) with three groups. The study raised 90 male Kamang ducks. The treatment began at two weeks of age and ended at the 10 week Each cage consisted of 5 Kamang ducks per treatment making a total of 90 ducks. The variables observed were ration consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and growth rate. The results showed that there was is no interaction between the duck rearing method with varying ration energy levels on ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, and growth rate (p>0.05). Also, the level of ration energy did not affect ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, and growth rate (P>0.05). However, the maintenance of ducks with and without pools was significantly different (p<0.05) with the average body weight gain and feed conversion. The study concludes that rearing ducks using ponds showed the best results at 2700 Kcal/kg (E1) energy level with an average ration consumption of 5907.7 g/duck, weight gain of 1232. 51 g/duck, and feed conversion ratio of 4.82.
{"title":"Effect of Rearing Method and Varying Energy Levels on Performance and Growth Rate of Male Kamang Ducks","authors":"Sabrina, Husmaini, Firda Arlina, Linda Suhartati","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.148.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.148.153","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Sabrina Faculty of Animal Science Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Email: sabrina@ansci.unand.ac.id Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the performance of male Kamang ducks reared with pools and without pools with three different levels of ration energy. This study used a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a divided plot design with the main plot consisting of pools, and without pools, subplots consisted of ration energy levels of E1 (2700 Kcal/kg), E2 (2900 Kcal/kg) and E3 (3100 Kcal/kg) with three groups. The study raised 90 male Kamang ducks. The treatment began at two weeks of age and ended at the 10 week Each cage consisted of 5 Kamang ducks per treatment making a total of 90 ducks. The variables observed were ration consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and growth rate. The results showed that there was is no interaction between the duck rearing method with varying ration energy levels on ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, and growth rate (p>0.05). Also, the level of ration energy did not affect ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, and growth rate (P>0.05). However, the maintenance of ducks with and without pools was significantly different (p<0.05) with the average body weight gain and feed conversion. The study concludes that rearing ducks using ponds showed the best results at 2700 Kcal/kg (E1) energy level with an average ration consumption of 5907.7 g/duck, weight gain of 1232. 51 g/duck, and feed conversion ratio of 4.82.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46797397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.101.107
M. Mphaphathi, H. O'Neill, T. Nedambale
: The objectives of this study were to elucidate the toxicity of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Ethylene glycol (EG), and the combination of both permitting cryoprotectants (CPAs) to cattle oocytes and the effectiveness of Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) on immature oocytes pre-selection. Cattle ovaries were collected from the local slaughterhouse and transported within 2 hours of slaughter. The oocytes were exposed to 26 mM BCB solution. The other oocytes were not exposed to BCB solution or CPA. Oocytes were classified as BCB positive (+) or BCB negative (−). Oocytes were either exposed to DMSO, EG, or DMSO + EG at different CPA concentrations as follows: toxicity to identify developmentally competent oocytes.
{"title":"Effect of two Different Permitting and Combination of Cryoprotectants on Cattle Oocytes Maturation Rate Following Brilliant Cresyl Blue Exposure","authors":"M. Mphaphathi, H. O'Neill, T. Nedambale","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.101.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.101.107","url":null,"abstract":": The objectives of this study were to elucidate the toxicity of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Ethylene glycol (EG), and the combination of both permitting cryoprotectants (CPAs) to cattle oocytes and the effectiveness of Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) on immature oocytes pre-selection. Cattle ovaries were collected from the local slaughterhouse and transported within 2 hours of slaughter. The oocytes were exposed to 26 mM BCB solution. The other oocytes were not exposed to BCB solution or CPA. Oocytes were classified as BCB positive (+) or BCB negative (−). Oocytes were either exposed to DMSO, EG, or DMSO + EG at different CPA concentrations as follows: toxicity to identify developmentally competent oocytes.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45223181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.180.186
Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez, Á. Jiménez-Leaño, Daniela Montenegro-Ayala, M. Esteban-Mendoza
: Trypanosoma evansi is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of the animal disease known as "surra", which affects a wide variety of wild and domestic mammals including humans. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular point prevalence and clinic-epidemiological traits of T. evansi infection in dogs from municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga (MAB), Santander, Colombia. From 2019 and 2020, a cross-sectional study in four municipalities of MAB was carried out to evaluate the above features in 213 healthy dogs from these cities. Molecular analysis using the primer ESAG/6 and ESAG/7, showed a T. evansi frequency of 1.8% (CI 95% = 0.04-3.68%), while Woo test didn't detect positive animals. A high prevalence of infection was detected in Piedecuesta (10.53%) and Bucaramanga (1.65%), apparently negative animals were detected in Giron and Florida Blanca. Clinical characteristics revealed that all positive animals (4/4) showed low Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and (3/4) low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and one animal had a moderate fever with prolonged capillary refill time. The epidemiological characteristics showed that all animals received mixed food, (3/4) came from low socioeconomic areas, and (2/4) from neighborhoods without weekly garbage collection. In conclusion, molecular methods detected a considerable prevalence of animals chronically infected by T. evansi in MAB, with more frequency in neighborhoods of a low socio-economic level where animals have more risk of oral transmission. These results should be considered during urban control programs of surra in MAB.
{"title":"Understanding the Epidemiology of Trypanosoma Evansi Infection in Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from Urban Areas of Colombia","authors":"Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez, Á. Jiménez-Leaño, Daniela Montenegro-Ayala, M. Esteban-Mendoza","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.180.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.180.186","url":null,"abstract":": Trypanosoma evansi is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of the animal disease known as \"surra\", which affects a wide variety of wild and domestic mammals including humans. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular point prevalence and clinic-epidemiological traits of T. evansi infection in dogs from municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga (MAB), Santander, Colombia. From 2019 and 2020, a cross-sectional study in four municipalities of MAB was carried out to evaluate the above features in 213 healthy dogs from these cities. Molecular analysis using the primer ESAG/6 and ESAG/7, showed a T. evansi frequency of 1.8% (CI 95% = 0.04-3.68%), while Woo test didn't detect positive animals. A high prevalence of infection was detected in Piedecuesta (10.53%) and Bucaramanga (1.65%), apparently negative animals were detected in Giron and Florida Blanca. Clinical characteristics revealed that all positive animals (4/4) showed low Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and (3/4) low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and one animal had a moderate fever with prolonged capillary refill time. The epidemiological characteristics showed that all animals received mixed food, (3/4) came from low socioeconomic areas, and (2/4) from neighborhoods without weekly garbage collection. In conclusion, molecular methods detected a considerable prevalence of animals chronically infected by T. evansi in MAB, with more frequency in neighborhoods of a low socio-economic level where animals have more risk of oral transmission. These results should be considered during urban control programs of surra in MAB.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42624936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.130.138
Dwitami Anzhany, T. Toharmat, Despal
: Smallholder dairy farms have shown the best practices for producing milk with high Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA). The rations need to be further investigated to explain the digestion process. This study aimed to reconstruct and evaluate the digestion process of five rations that produced milk with high CLA using in vitro method . The rations were collected from five traditional dairy farms (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5) after screening 260 milk samples from 60 farms at different smallholder dairy cattle farms in West Java Province, Indonesia. Digestibility of the ration was tested using a two-stage in vitro method. The result shows that the five rations consist of different feeds and nutrients. The P4 was better than other rations of its simplicity, nutrient sufficiency, fermentation, digestibility, and microbial synthesis. The P4 ration consists of 40.27% Napier grass and 59.72% cooperative concentrates with the lowest crude fiber (10.20%) and the highest crude protein (12.63%). The high crude protein percentage was in line with the ammonia concentration. The P4 significantly produced the lowest molar proportion of butyrate (12.68%), the highest total digestible nutrient (59.9%), total VFA (132.23 mm), the in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (77.95 and 74.49%), protozoa (6.31 log cell/mL) and with bacteria number 7.19 log CFU. It is concluded that a ration with 40% Napier grass and 60% concentrate is the best smallholder dairy cattle ration to produce high CLA milk.
{"title":"Ration to Produce Milk High in Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) at Smallholder Dairy Farm: An In Vitro Reconstruction","authors":"Dwitami Anzhany, T. Toharmat, Despal","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.130.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.130.138","url":null,"abstract":": Smallholder dairy farms have shown the best practices for producing milk with high Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA). The rations need to be further investigated to explain the digestion process. This study aimed to reconstruct and evaluate the digestion process of five rations that produced milk with high CLA using in vitro method . The rations were collected from five traditional dairy farms (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5) after screening 260 milk samples from 60 farms at different smallholder dairy cattle farms in West Java Province, Indonesia. Digestibility of the ration was tested using a two-stage in vitro method. The result shows that the five rations consist of different feeds and nutrients. The P4 was better than other rations of its simplicity, nutrient sufficiency, fermentation, digestibility, and microbial synthesis. The P4 ration consists of 40.27% Napier grass and 59.72% cooperative concentrates with the lowest crude fiber (10.20%) and the highest crude protein (12.63%). The high crude protein percentage was in line with the ammonia concentration. The P4 significantly produced the lowest molar proportion of butyrate (12.68%), the highest total digestible nutrient (59.9%), total VFA (132.23 mm), the in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (77.95 and 74.49%), protozoa (6.31 log cell/mL) and with bacteria number 7.19 log CFU. It is concluded that a ration with 40% Napier grass and 60% concentrate is the best smallholder dairy cattle ration to produce high CLA milk.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44968683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2022.113.121
T. J. Mpofu, K. Nephawe, M. Ginindza, N. A. Siwendu, B. Mtileni
Corresponding Author: Takalani Judas Mpofu Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Email: mpofutj@tut.ac.za Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate factors influencing Cow Efficiency (CE), Relative-Birth Weight (R-BW), and subsequent pre-weaning growth performance of Nguni cattle in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Factors that were considered were dammed weight at calving, agro-ecological zone, the season of birth, sex of calves, parity, and dam age. Data from Nguni cows and their calves (n = 826) consisting of calf Birth Weight (BW), Weaning Weight (WW), and Dam Weight at calving were used in this study. Dams were classified according to their weights at calving into high (>385 kg), medium (326-385 kg), and low (<326 kg) categories. The General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS (2015) was computed to analyze data; the means were separated using Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Dam weight at calving influenced CE, R-BW, WW, and P-ADG, but did not influence BW. Lighter and average dams had higher CE (36.74; 35.04 Vs 30.01%), RBW (8.04; 7.12 Vs 6.28%), WW (116.80; 116.62 Vs 115.13 kg), P-ADG (0.447; 0.446 Vs 0.438 kg/day) and P-WG (91.72; 91.40 Vs 89.77 kg) compared to heavier dams. Animals in the humid zone had higher CE (35.32%), WW (117.53 kg), P-ADG (0.452 kg/day), and P-WG (92.86 kg). Animals in arid yielded lower CE, WW, P-ADG, and P-WG compared to those in humid zone. Season of birth influenced R-BW and pre-weaning performance traits, however, it did not influence CE. Higher WW (116.78 kg), P-ADG (0.448 kg/day), P-WG (91.96 kg) were recorded for summer calves. The sex of calves, parity, and damage influenced all traits except R-BW and BW. Dams with male calves had higher CE (34.79%), WW (126.20 kg), P-ADG (0.491 kg/day), and P-WG (100.71 kg) compared to their female counterparts. Dams on the fifth (5th) parity had higher CE (37.00%), R-BW (7.18%), WW (127.01 kg), P-ADG (0.495 kg/day) and PWG (101.53 kg). Seven (7) years old dams had higher CE (42.32%), WW (143.33 kg), P-ADG (0.590 kg/day), and P-WG (121.17 kg). The findings indicate that breeding with lighter cows would result in calves with comparable or even better growth traits than heavier cows.
{"title":"Cow Efficiency, Relative-Birth Weight and Subsequent Pre-Weaning Growth Performance of Nguni Cattle","authors":"T. J. Mpofu, K. Nephawe, M. Ginindza, N. A. Siwendu, B. Mtileni","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.113.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.113.121","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Takalani Judas Mpofu Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Email: mpofutj@tut.ac.za Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate factors influencing Cow Efficiency (CE), Relative-Birth Weight (R-BW), and subsequent pre-weaning growth performance of Nguni cattle in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Factors that were considered were dammed weight at calving, agro-ecological zone, the season of birth, sex of calves, parity, and dam age. Data from Nguni cows and their calves (n = 826) consisting of calf Birth Weight (BW), Weaning Weight (WW), and Dam Weight at calving were used in this study. Dams were classified according to their weights at calving into high (>385 kg), medium (326-385 kg), and low (<326 kg) categories. The General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS (2015) was computed to analyze data; the means were separated using Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Dam weight at calving influenced CE, R-BW, WW, and P-ADG, but did not influence BW. Lighter and average dams had higher CE (36.74; 35.04 Vs 30.01%), RBW (8.04; 7.12 Vs 6.28%), WW (116.80; 116.62 Vs 115.13 kg), P-ADG (0.447; 0.446 Vs 0.438 kg/day) and P-WG (91.72; 91.40 Vs 89.77 kg) compared to heavier dams. Animals in the humid zone had higher CE (35.32%), WW (117.53 kg), P-ADG (0.452 kg/day), and P-WG (92.86 kg). Animals in arid yielded lower CE, WW, P-ADG, and P-WG compared to those in humid zone. Season of birth influenced R-BW and pre-weaning performance traits, however, it did not influence CE. Higher WW (116.78 kg), P-ADG (0.448 kg/day), P-WG (91.96 kg) were recorded for summer calves. The sex of calves, parity, and damage influenced all traits except R-BW and BW. Dams with male calves had higher CE (34.79%), WW (126.20 kg), P-ADG (0.491 kg/day), and P-WG (100.71 kg) compared to their female counterparts. Dams on the fifth (5th) parity had higher CE (37.00%), R-BW (7.18%), WW (127.01 kg), P-ADG (0.495 kg/day) and PWG (101.53 kg). Seven (7) years old dams had higher CE (42.32%), WW (143.33 kg), P-ADG (0.590 kg/day), and P-WG (121.17 kg). The findings indicate that breeding with lighter cows would result in calves with comparable or even better growth traits than heavier cows.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49336719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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