Pub Date : 2019-12-22DOI: 10.33687/ZOOBIOL.002.01.1765
Adelakun Km, A. Kehinde, O. Olaoye, A A Ihidero, A Dalha
The potential application of blood reference range for crocodile is a basis that can provide important clinical information about health and physiological condition of animal. This study investigates serum biochemistry of Nile crocodile from Kano Zoological Garden, Kano, Nigeria. Six (6) adult Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) were captured from crocodile pond. Blood was collected from post occipital sinus of the physically restrain crocodile and used for serum biochemical parameters. The results revealed the Total Serum Protein (TSP) concentration of 9.2g/L, albumin concentration which is a common plasma protein is 43g/L while globulin concentration is 54g/L. Cholesterol concentration measure is registered at 5.2mmol/L with High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) of 1mmol/L and 1.35mmol/L respectively. Creatinine: a breakdown product of creatinine which is an important part of muscle tissue is 44umol/L. Uric acid which is a primary catabolic end product of protein is 0.18mmol/L while glucose and triglyceride are 4.94mmol/L and 2.24mmol/L respectively while enzymes which include Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration is 6U/L, Aspartate aminotransferase concentration is 5U/L while Alkaline Phosphatase is 20U/L. Clearly, nutritional status, age, gender, season, physiology and environment should be considered if clinical pathology is to be employed as a diagnostic tool. Keywords : Biochemical, clinical information, plasma, enzymes, physiological
{"title":"Blood Biochemical of Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) in Kano Zoological Garden, Nigeria","authors":"Adelakun Km, A. Kehinde, O. Olaoye, A A Ihidero, A Dalha","doi":"10.33687/ZOOBIOL.002.01.1765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ZOOBIOL.002.01.1765","url":null,"abstract":"The potential application of blood reference range for crocodile is a basis that can provide important clinical information about health and physiological condition of animal. This study investigates serum biochemistry of Nile crocodile from Kano Zoological Garden, Kano, Nigeria. Six (6) adult Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) were captured from crocodile pond. Blood was collected from post occipital sinus of the physically restrain crocodile and used for serum biochemical parameters. The results revealed the Total Serum Protein (TSP) concentration of 9.2g/L, albumin concentration which is a common plasma protein is 43g/L while globulin concentration is 54g/L. Cholesterol concentration measure is registered at 5.2mmol/L with High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) of 1mmol/L and 1.35mmol/L respectively. Creatinine: a breakdown product of creatinine which is an important part of muscle tissue is 44umol/L. Uric acid which is a primary catabolic end product of protein is 0.18mmol/L while glucose and triglyceride are 4.94mmol/L and 2.24mmol/L respectively while enzymes which include Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration is 6U/L, Aspartate aminotransferase concentration is 5U/L while Alkaline Phosphatase is 20U/L. Clearly, nutritional status, age, gender, season, physiology and environment should be considered if clinical pathology is to be employed as a diagnostic tool. Keywords : Biochemical, clinical information, plasma, enzymes, physiological","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"65 1","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48393742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of antibiotics in dairy cattle for the treatment of diseases such as mastitis has contributed to the presence of residues in dairy products. Penicillin is commonly used veterinary drug to treat mastitis in dairy cattle. However, abundant use of it may be associated with the presence of its residues in milk at unsafe concentrations that can adversely affect public health. Therefore the present study was undertaken to detect penicillin residues in milk from six private dairy farms at Kombolcha North East Ethiopia during the time period between December 2015 and March 2016. A total of 100 milk samples were collected from healthy lactating cows of six dairy farms and were screened for Penicillin residues by using Delvotest SP NT. Moreover a questionnaire survey was carried out by personal interviews with all of the dairy farm owners from whom milk samples were taken, to assess their awareness about dairy farm management practices and antibiotic residues. Penicillin residues (at five parts per billion or higher) were found in 36% of the samples test. Prevalence of penicillin residues in different farms ranged from 25% to 50%. Questionnaire survey among the dairy farm owners established that not a single dairy farm owner ever used antibiotic test kit for detection of residues. Similarly post milking teat dipping, marking of milking equipment for treated cows and dry cow therapy for controlling mastitis was practised only in one dairy farm out of 6 farms. 4 farm owners (66.6%) knew the impact of residue in milk processing manufactures, however all of them were aware of antibiotic residues of having public health impact, drug withdrawal period, and all of them used different milking equipment and kept records for treated cows. The results of the present investigation indicate that penicillin residues exist within the milk of dairy farms in Kombolcha town. Co-ordinated nationwide surveillance of animals’ by products for antibiotics residues is required together with determining their concentration, and initiating monitoring programmes and awareness campaigns to sensitize the populace on the dangers associated with residues in animal products in EthiopiaKey words: Cow, Ethiopia, Delvotest, Penicillin-residues, raw-milk
{"title":"Detection of pencillin residue in cow milk at Kombolcha dairy farms, Northeastern Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Worku, A. Muluneh, Addisu Tamir, S. Nazir","doi":"10.4314/bahpa.v65i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bahpa.v65i2","url":null,"abstract":"The use of antibiotics in dairy cattle for the treatment of diseases such as mastitis has contributed to the presence of residues in dairy products. Penicillin is commonly used veterinary drug to treat mastitis in dairy cattle. However, abundant use of it may be associated with the presence of its residues in milk at unsafe concentrations that can adversely affect public health. Therefore the present study was undertaken to detect penicillin residues in milk from six private dairy farms at Kombolcha North East Ethiopia during the time period between December 2015 and March 2016. A total of 100 milk samples were collected from healthy lactating cows of six dairy farms and were screened for Penicillin residues by using Delvotest SP NT. Moreover a questionnaire survey was carried out by personal interviews with all of the dairy farm owners from whom milk samples were taken, to assess their awareness about dairy farm management practices and antibiotic residues. Penicillin residues (at five parts per billion or higher) were found in 36% of the samples test. Prevalence of penicillin residues in different farms ranged from 25% to 50%. Questionnaire survey among the dairy farm owners established that not a single dairy farm owner ever used antibiotic test kit for detection of residues. Similarly post milking teat dipping, marking of milking equipment for treated cows and dry cow therapy for controlling mastitis was practised only in one dairy farm out of 6 farms. 4 farm owners (66.6%) knew the impact of residue in milk processing manufactures, however all of them were aware of antibiotic residues of having public health impact, drug withdrawal period, and all of them used different milking equipment and kept records for treated cows. The results of the present investigation indicate that penicillin residues exist within the milk of dairy farms in Kombolcha town. Co-ordinated nationwide surveillance of animals’ by products for antibiotics residues is required together with determining their concentration, and initiating monitoring programmes and awareness campaigns to sensitize the populace on the dangers associated with residues in animal products in EthiopiaKey words: Cow, Ethiopia, Delvotest, Penicillin-residues, raw-milk","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"65 1","pages":"397-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70489969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. W. Magona, J. Walubengo, F. Kabi, J. T. Odimim, M. Ocaido
Declining Government resources and donor aid for tsetse and trypanosomosis control have compelled countries to delegate control activities to farm-level veterinary extension personnel. While effective control measures such as chemotherapy, tsetse-trapping and restricted insecticide-treatment of livestock exist, implementation of such measures en masse has become increasingly impractical. Therefore mapping the distribution of tsetse and trypanosomosis hotspots was undertaken to ease targeting control measures by district administrative units in Amuria, Dokolo and Kaberamaido districts of Uganda. The districts were divided into grid sites using the program Arcview GIS 3.2. Villages representing the grid sites were physically identified through ground-truthing. Parasitological and tsetse surveys were then conducted in each village to establish the prevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle and apparent tsetse density. A total of 2430, 1304 and 1392 cattle were tested in Amuria, Dokolo and Kaberamaido districts, of which 230 (9.5%), 144 (11.0%) and 106 (7.6%) were detected positive, respectively. At village level, the prevalence of trypanosomosis ranged from 1-24%, 1-28% and 2-18% in Amuria, Dokolo and Kaberamaido districts, respectively. Tsetse surveys conducted concurrently in the respective villages revealed apparent tsetse densities ranging from 0.0-2.4, 0.6-13.2 and 0.6-9.0 flies/trap/day (F/T/D) in Amuria, Dokolo and Kaberamaido districts, respectively. Glossina fuscipes fuscipes was the sole tsetse species caught. Matching apparent tsetse densities at village level with their corresponding prevalences of trypanosomosis revealed that Amuria district had low tsetse densities with high corresponding prevalences of trypanosomosis, suggesting that cattle were encountering a high proportion of infected tsetse. In contrast, Dokolo district had high tsetse densities with low to medium corresponding prevalences of trypanosomosis, suggesting cattle were encountering a low proportion of infected tsetse. Kaberamaido district had low tsetse densities with corresponding low to medium prevalences of trypanosomosis, suggesting that cattle were equally encountering a low proportion of infected tsetse. Mapping to highlight hotspots was anticipated to facilitate planning and prioritization of resources for targeting tsetse and trypanosomosis control by district departments of veterinary services.Keywords: Animal trypanosomosis; Control; mapping; prioritization of resources; Tsetse flies; Uganda
{"title":"Mapping the distribution of tsetse and animal trypanosomosis in selected districts of Uganda to facilitate targeting control measures","authors":"J. W. Magona, J. Walubengo, F. Kabi, J. T. Odimim, M. Ocaido","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V65I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V65I3","url":null,"abstract":"Declining Government resources and donor aid for tsetse and trypanosomosis control have compelled countries to delegate control activities to farm-level veterinary extension personnel. While effective control measures such as chemotherapy, tsetse-trapping and restricted insecticide-treatment of livestock exist, implementation of such measures en masse has become increasingly impractical. Therefore mapping the distribution of tsetse and trypanosomosis hotspots was undertaken to ease targeting control measures by district administrative units in Amuria, Dokolo and Kaberamaido districts of Uganda. The districts were divided into grid sites using the program Arcview GIS 3.2. Villages representing the grid sites were physically identified through ground-truthing. Parasitological and tsetse surveys were then conducted in each village to establish the prevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle and apparent tsetse density. A total of 2430, 1304 and 1392 cattle were tested in Amuria, Dokolo and Kaberamaido districts, of which 230 (9.5%), 144 (11.0%) and 106 (7.6%) were detected positive, respectively. At village level, the prevalence of trypanosomosis ranged from 1-24%, 1-28% and 2-18% in Amuria, Dokolo and Kaberamaido districts, respectively. Tsetse surveys conducted concurrently in the respective villages revealed apparent tsetse densities ranging from 0.0-2.4, 0.6-13.2 and 0.6-9.0 flies/trap/day (F/T/D) in Amuria, Dokolo and Kaberamaido districts, respectively. Glossina fuscipes fuscipes was the sole tsetse species caught. Matching apparent tsetse densities at village level with their corresponding prevalences of trypanosomosis revealed that Amuria district had low tsetse densities with high corresponding prevalences of trypanosomosis, suggesting that cattle were encountering a high proportion of infected tsetse. In contrast, Dokolo district had high tsetse densities with low to medium corresponding prevalences of trypanosomosis, suggesting cattle were encountering a low proportion of infected tsetse. Kaberamaido district had low tsetse densities with corresponding low to medium prevalences of trypanosomosis, suggesting that cattle were equally encountering a low proportion of infected tsetse. Mapping to highlight hotspots was anticipated to facilitate planning and prioritization of resources for targeting tsetse and trypanosomosis control by district departments of veterinary services.Keywords: Animal trypanosomosis; Control; mapping; prioritization of resources; Tsetse flies; Uganda","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"65 1","pages":"459-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70489662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2015 to April, 2016 at Kombolcha ELFORA Abattoir, South Wollo Zone, Amhara National Regional State, with the objectives of determining the prevalence of foreign bodies in forestomach of slaughtered cattle, gross pathological lesions and associated risk factors for the occurrences of foreign bodies. Postmortem examination was employed to examine the foreign body from rumen and reticulum after slaughter. The study animals were selected by using systematic random sampling method. From the total of 700 cattle examined, 219(31.28%) were found positive for indigestible foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum. Sands (12.32%), clothes (10.50%), ropes (8.67%) and stones (8.67%), were the most common types of foreign bodies observed. The prevalence of foreign body in cattle was significantly associated with sex (χ 2 = 7.11, P 0.05) and origins (χ 2 =2.62; P>0.05). Abscess (60%) was the most common lesion encountered followed by hemorrhage (21.81%), ulcer (9.09%), ruminal atony (7.27%) and reticular fistula (1.81%). Most of the lesions (67 %) were caused by metallic foreign bodies compared to non-metallic foreign bodies. The study demonstrated that ruminants in the area ingest various types of indigestible foreign materials, which can hamper their health and productivity. To avert the problem, collaborative intervention schemes need to be applied involving professionals, policy makers, livestock keepers, and environmental activists Keywords: Abattoir, Cattle, Foreign body, Ethiopia, Reticulum, Rumen
{"title":"Prevalence and pathology of indigestable foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum of cattle slaughtered at Kombolcha Elfora Abattoir, north east Ethiopia","authors":"Yirga Engdaye, Shahid Nazir, Awol Mohammed, Balwant Meshram","doi":"10.4314/bahpa.v65i4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bahpa.v65i4","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2015 to April, 2016 at Kombolcha ELFORA Abattoir, South Wollo Zone, Amhara National Regional State, with the objectives of determining the prevalence of foreign bodies in forestomach of slaughtered cattle, gross pathological lesions and associated risk factors for the occurrences of foreign bodies. Postmortem examination was employed to examine the foreign body from rumen and reticulum after slaughter. The study animals were selected by using systematic random sampling method. From the total of 700 cattle examined, 219(31.28%) were found positive for indigestible foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum. Sands (12.32%), clothes (10.50%), ropes (8.67%) and stones (8.67%), were the most common types of foreign bodies observed. The prevalence of foreign body in cattle was significantly associated with sex (χ 2 = 7.11, P 0.05) and origins (χ 2 =2.62; P>0.05). Abscess (60%) was the most common lesion encountered followed by hemorrhage (21.81%), ulcer (9.09%), ruminal atony (7.27%) and reticular fistula (1.81%). Most of the lesions (67 %) were caused by metallic foreign bodies compared to non-metallic foreign bodies. The study demonstrated that ruminants in the area ingest various types of indigestible foreign materials, which can hamper their health and productivity. To avert the problem, collaborative intervention schemes need to be applied involving professionals, policy makers, livestock keepers, and environmental activists Keywords: Abattoir, Cattle, Foreign body, Ethiopia, Reticulum, Rumen","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"65 1","pages":"701-709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70489678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of study was to determine statues of bovine cystiercosis and human taeniasis in Asella, Arsi Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Simple randomly sampling followed by detailed meat inspection for cyst distribution with cyst count and variability test was done at Asella Municipal Abattoir. Questionnaire administration surveys was conducted on voluntarily in habitants of Asella town. Out of 450 examined animal, 22 (4.9%) were infected with C. bovis showing significantly higher in younger 8.2% (OR=3.4, 95%CI: 1.4-8.7) and in cross breed 14.2% (OR=4.3, 95%CI: 1.3-14.2) then their counters (p 0.05). A total of 63 cyst consisting of 30 (47.6%) viable and 33 (52.4%) non-viable were recovered. Cysts count was 28.6%, 23.8%, 20.6%, 17.5%, 6.4% and 3.2% in the tongue, triceps muscle, heart, masseter muscle, liver and diaphragm respectively. In high viable cysts (61.1%) were found in the tongue. Out of 125 respondents, 89 (71.2%) had contracted taeniasis infection at least once in their life time. Men (OR=8.3, 95%CI: 1.9-36.4), occupationally high-risk groups (OR=2.1, 95%CI: 0.5-8.2), married persons (OR=7.1, 95%CI: 1.7-29.3), raw meat consumers (OR=35.2, 95%CI: 6.3- 196.7) and low level of taeniasis/cysticercosis complex knowledge (OR=4.261, 95%CI: 1.2-15.6) were contracted taeniasis at higher risk than their counter groups (p 0.05). The data indicated Taenia saginata/cysticercosis is prevalent in the study area which needs due attention for public awareness and strict routine meat inspection to safe guard public health and promote beef industry. Key words: Asella, Bovine, Cysticercosis, C. bovis, T. saginata, Taeniasis.
{"title":"Bovine cysticercosis and human teniasis with public health implication at Asella town, Arsi Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Kemal Kedir Elemo, A. Hiko, A. Dawud","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V65I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V65I1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of study was to determine statues of bovine cystiercosis and human taeniasis in Asella, Arsi Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Simple randomly sampling followed by detailed meat inspection for cyst distribution with cyst count and variability test was done at Asella Municipal Abattoir. Questionnaire administration surveys was conducted on voluntarily in habitants of Asella town. Out of 450 examined animal, 22 (4.9%) were infected with C. bovis showing significantly higher in younger 8.2% (OR=3.4, 95%CI: 1.4-8.7) and in cross breed 14.2% (OR=4.3, 95%CI: 1.3-14.2) then their counters (p 0.05). A total of 63 cyst consisting of 30 (47.6%) viable and 33 (52.4%) non-viable were recovered. Cysts count was 28.6%, 23.8%, 20.6%, 17.5%, 6.4% and 3.2% in the tongue, triceps muscle, heart, masseter muscle, liver and diaphragm respectively. In high viable cysts (61.1%) were found in the tongue. Out of 125 respondents, 89 (71.2%) had contracted taeniasis infection at least once in their life time. Men (OR=8.3, 95%CI: 1.9-36.4), occupationally high-risk groups (OR=2.1, 95%CI: 0.5-8.2), married persons (OR=7.1, 95%CI: 1.7-29.3), raw meat consumers (OR=35.2, 95%CI: 6.3- 196.7) and low level of taeniasis/cysticercosis complex knowledge (OR=4.261, 95%CI: 1.2-15.6) were contracted taeniasis at higher risk than their counter groups (p 0.05). The data indicated Taenia saginata/cysticercosis is prevalent in the study area which needs due attention for public awareness and strict routine meat inspection to safe guard public health and promote beef industry. Key words: Asella, Bovine, Cysticercosis, C. bovis, T. saginata, Taeniasis.","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"65 1","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70489874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of prebiotics supplemented diets on performance characteristics and gut morphology of broiler chickens. The study involved 320 day-old Anak broiler chicks, used to assess the utilization of prebiotics [ Mannose oligosaccharides (MOS) and Lactose oligosaccharides (LOS)] by broiler chicks. The chicks were alloted to eight treatment groups of 40 birds each and four replicates of 10 birds each in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. The additives (MOS and LOS) were added to the diets at four levels (0, 250, 500 and 750ppm) per additive. The birds were fed for 56days, after which data on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and ileal morphology were collected. The data was subjected to analysis of variance and significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results showed that final weight values significantly (p<0.05) ranged from 1276.67 g – 1503.38 g. The ileum morphology of the finishers broilers showed that villi height, lamina propria depth, basal width and apical width were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by prebiotic sources and levels. The villi height of 2250.00μm was highest at 500ppm MOS level of inclusion, while the least value of 538.30μm was obtained in birds fed 0ppm Lactose inclusion. It was therefore, concluded that, prebiotic MOS at 500ppm could be used in feed to obtain the better weight gain and FCR, with normal gut morphology of broiler chickens. Keywords : Performance, ileal morphology, broilers, mannan oligosaccharide, lactose oligosaccharide
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加益生元对肉鸡生产性能和肠道形态的影响。本试验以320日龄阿纳克肉鸡为研究对象，旨在评估肉鸡对益生元[甘露寡糖(MOS)和乳糖寡糖(LOS)]的利用情况。按2 × 4的阶乘安排，将雏鸡分为8个处理组，每组40只，4个重复，每个重复10只。在饲粮中按4种添加水平(0、250、500和750ppm)添加MOS和LOS。饲喂56d，收集采食量、增重、饲料系数和回肠形态等数据。数据进行方差分析，显著性均值采用Duncan多重极差检验分离。结果表明，最终体重值在1276.67 g ~ 1503.38 g范围内，差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。育肥肉仔鸡回肠形态显示，不同益生元来源和水平对回肠绒毛高度、固有层深度、基部宽度和顶端宽度均有显著影响(p<0.05)。在MOS添加量为500ppm时，绒毛高度最高，为2250.00μm;在乳糖添加量为0ppm时，绒毛高度最低，为538.30μm。由此可见，在正常肠道形态的情况下，饲料中添加500ppm的益生元MOS可获得较好的增重和饲料效率。关键词:生产性能，回肠形态，肉鸡，甘露寡糖，乳糖寡糖
{"title":"Performance and ileal characteristics of finishing broilers fed diets supplemented with prebiotics","authors":"O. Oni, O. Idowu, A. Oso, C. Ikeobi","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2016.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2016.006","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of prebiotics supplemented diets on performance characteristics and gut morphology of broiler chickens. The study involved 320 day-old Anak broiler chicks, used to assess the utilization of prebiotics [ Mannose oligosaccharides (MOS) and Lactose oligosaccharides (LOS)] by broiler chicks. The chicks were alloted to eight treatment groups of 40 birds each and four replicates of 10 birds each in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. The additives (MOS and LOS) were added to the diets at four levels (0, 250, 500 and 750ppm) per additive. The birds were fed for 56days, after which data on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and ileal morphology were collected. The data was subjected to analysis of variance and significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results showed that final weight values significantly (p<0.05) ranged from 1276.67 g – 1503.38 g. The ileum morphology of the finishers broilers showed that villi height, lamina propria depth, basal width and apical width were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by prebiotic sources and levels. The villi height of 2250.00μm was highest at 500ppm MOS level of inclusion, while the least value of 538.30μm was obtained in birds fed 0ppm Lactose inclusion. It was therefore, concluded that, prebiotic MOS at 500ppm could be used in feed to obtain the better weight gain and FCR, with normal gut morphology of broiler chickens. Keywords : Performance, ileal morphology, broilers, mannan oligosaccharide, lactose oligosaccharide","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"65 1","pages":"7-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69654088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Umaru, J. K. P. Kwaga, M. Bello, M. Raji, Y. S. Maitala
Three Hundred and Sixty fresh cow milk samples were collected from settled Fulani herds in Kaduna State and examined for S. aureus and their antibiotic resistance. Fifty five samples (15.3%) were positive for S. aureus . The occurrence of S. aureus was statistically significant (P 256 μg for all resistant strains showed no zone of inhibition along the entire length and MIC was read as greater than the highest value on the strip (256). The multiple drug resistance indices revealed that 96.4% of the S. aureus strains were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics tested. The study demonstrated that cow milk in the study areas are contaminated with resistant strains of S. aureus of animal and human biotypes and can serve as means of spread to humans through the consumption of raw milk and milk products. This can be eliminated through improving the general herd hygiene, proper management practices and proper milking hygiene. Keywords: antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, cow milk, settled Fulani herds, MIC, Haemolysin, Kaduna State
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh cow milk in settled Fulani herds in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"G. Umaru, J. K. P. Kwaga, M. Bello, M. Raji, Y. S. Maitala","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V64I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V64I1","url":null,"abstract":"Three Hundred and Sixty fresh cow milk samples were collected from settled Fulani herds in Kaduna State and examined for S. aureus and their antibiotic resistance. Fifty five samples (15.3%) were positive for S. aureus . The occurrence of S. aureus was statistically significant (P 256 μg for all resistant strains showed no zone of inhibition along the entire length and MIC was read as greater than the highest value on the strip (256). The multiple drug resistance indices revealed that 96.4% of the S. aureus strains were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics tested. The study demonstrated that cow milk in the study areas are contaminated with resistant strains of S. aureus of animal and human biotypes and can serve as means of spread to humans through the consumption of raw milk and milk products. This can be eliminated through improving the general herd hygiene, proper management practices and proper milking hygiene. Keywords: antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, cow milk, settled Fulani herds, MIC, Haemolysin, Kaduna State","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"64 1","pages":"173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70489216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Un essai a ete mene de mai a octobre 2013 a la Ferme d’Application et de Recherche de l’Universite de Dschang pour evaluer l’effet d’une supplementation aux asteracees ou a un aliment compose enrichi en proteines sur les performances de reproduction des cobayes. A l’issu d’une phase d’acceptabilite de deux semaines deux de trois asteracees (Galinsoga, sp, Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conysoidens) ont ete choisis pour etre utilisees dans l’essai. 48 femelles adultes ont ete distribuees au hasard dans un dispositif factoriel 3x2x3 (ration, origine, repetions). Les rations experimentales etaient constituees de Penissetum clandestinum + Aliment compose de base (T0), Penissetum clandestinum + Galinsoga sp+ Bidens pilosa (T1), et Penissetum clandestinum + aliment compose enrichi en proteines (T2). Les principaux resultats indiquent que Galinsoga sp a ete significativement (P 0,05) affectes par la supplementation. Le taux d’avortement, comparable (P>0,05) entre T1 (50,00±35,35% pour Nord Ouest et 37,50±17,46 pour Ouest) et T2 (12,50±17,67% pour Nord Ouest et 12,50±17,67 % Ouest), a ete significativement (P 0,05) entre les traitements. Au terme de cette etude, il a ete conclu que les asteracees et les aliments composes riches en proteines devraient etre utilises avec moderation en alimentation des cobayes pour la reproduction.
{"title":"Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on haematological parameters, serum biochemical indices and haemagglutination potential of broiler birds raised on deep litters","authors":"P. C. Azine, A. T. Niba, F. Meutchieye, A. Téguia","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V64I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V64I3","url":null,"abstract":"Un essai a ete mene de mai a octobre 2013 a la Ferme d’Application et de Recherche de l’Universite de Dschang pour evaluer l’effet d’une supplementation aux asteracees ou a un aliment compose enrichi en proteines sur les performances de reproduction des cobayes. A l’issu d’une phase d’acceptabilite de deux semaines deux de trois asteracees (Galinsoga, sp, Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conysoidens) ont ete choisis pour etre utilisees dans l’essai. 48 femelles adultes ont ete distribuees au hasard dans un dispositif factoriel 3x2x3 (ration, origine, repetions). Les rations experimentales etaient constituees de Penissetum clandestinum + Aliment compose de base (T0), Penissetum clandestinum + Galinsoga sp+ Bidens pilosa (T1), et Penissetum clandestinum + aliment compose enrichi en proteines (T2). Les principaux resultats indiquent que Galinsoga sp a ete significativement (P 0,05) affectes par la supplementation. Le taux d’avortement, comparable (P>0,05) entre T1 (50,00±35,35% pour Nord Ouest et 37,50±17,46 pour Ouest) et T2 (12,50±17,67% pour Nord Ouest et 12,50±17,67 % Ouest), a ete significativement (P 0,05) entre les traitements. Au terme de cette etude, il a ete conclu que les asteracees et les aliments composes riches en proteines devraient etre utilises avec moderation en alimentation des cobayes pour la reproduction.","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"64 1","pages":"263-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70489811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ajadi, A. Bello, ED Ekunleye, N. Ekwelum, O. Smith
Ten female Chinchilla rabbits with mean weight (1.9±0.1kg) were randomly assigned into two groups comprising of five each, to evaluate the changes in blood glucose and lipid profile during pregnancy. Control Group A was mated without prior synchronization, while rabbits in group B were synchronized with 0.15mg/kg intramuscular injection of PMSG. Three days later, the group B rabbit does were mated naturally and confirmed pregnant seven days post mating using portable ultrasound machine. 5mls of blood was collected from the jugular vein before mating and 7, 14, 21 and 27 days post mating for the determination of blood glucose (GLU), total plasma cholesterol (tChol), triglycerides (TRIG), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared using analysis of variance for repeated measures. The results of this study showed that GLU decreased significantly (P<0.05) by day 7 and 14 post mating in the control and PMSG synchronized rabbits respectively. Conversely, tChol increased by day 7 post mating and thereafter decreased significantly (P< 0.05) up to day 27 post mating. Both TRIG and LDL were significantly (P<0.05) higher in control rabbits than the PMSG synchronized rabbits on day 7 post mating. However, there were no significant differences in HDL between the two groups of rabbits. In the PMSG synchronized rabbits, the HDL increased up to day 21 post mating and thereafter decreased by day 27 post mating, while in the control rabbit HDL increased up to day 14 post mating and then decreased by day 27 post mating. It was thus concluded that there were significant changes in the blood glucose and lipid profile during different stages of gestation in rabbits and that synchronization with PMSG influenced these changes. Keywords : post-mating, triglycerides, lipoproteins, cholesterol
{"title":"Changes in blood glucose and plasma lipids during gestation in chinchilla rabbits synchronized with pregnant mare serum gonadotropins","authors":"T. Ajadi, A. Bello, ED Ekunleye, N. Ekwelum, O. Smith","doi":"10.4314/bahpa.v63i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bahpa.v63i1","url":null,"abstract":"Ten female Chinchilla rabbits with mean weight (1.9±0.1kg) were randomly assigned into two groups comprising of five each, to evaluate the changes in blood glucose and lipid profile during pregnancy. Control Group A was mated without prior synchronization, while rabbits in group B were synchronized with 0.15mg/kg intramuscular injection of PMSG. Three days later, the group B rabbit does were mated naturally and confirmed pregnant seven days post mating using portable ultrasound machine. 5mls of blood was collected from the jugular vein before mating and 7, 14, 21 and 27 days post mating for the determination of blood glucose (GLU), total plasma cholesterol (tChol), triglycerides (TRIG), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared using analysis of variance for repeated measures. The results of this study showed that GLU decreased significantly (P<0.05) by day 7 and 14 post mating in the control and PMSG synchronized rabbits respectively. Conversely, tChol increased by day 7 post mating and thereafter decreased significantly (P< 0.05) up to day 27 post mating. Both TRIG and LDL were significantly (P<0.05) higher in control rabbits than the PMSG synchronized rabbits on day 7 post mating. However, there were no significant differences in HDL between the two groups of rabbits. In the PMSG synchronized rabbits, the HDL increased up to day 21 post mating and thereafter decreased by day 27 post mating, while in the control rabbit HDL increased up to day 14 post mating and then decreased by day 27 post mating. It was thus concluded that there were significant changes in the blood glucose and lipid profile during different stages of gestation in rabbits and that synchronization with PMSG influenced these changes. Keywords : post-mating, triglycerides, lipoproteins, cholesterol","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"63 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prevalence of fish disease in fish farms in Nigeria was investigated using data from structured questionnaire obtained during farm visits, and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Findings from the study revealed that majority of the farm manager’s (45.7) have less than 3 years of experience in fish farming. Most of the farms (60%) have operated for less than 5 years. Few of the fish farms (8.5%) have more than 21 ponds/tanks. Diseases outbreak has been experienced in about 54.3% of the fish farms among which 31.6% experience it often. Bacteria diseases were reported to be the dominant diseases in the state and the associated economic loss was valued between ₦50,000 and ₦1,000,000. Majority of the farmers (89.5%) were able to control the diseases with 84.2% of them controlling the diseases with antibiotics. The regression result had coefficient of determination 0.624 with f-ratio 7.746 (p=0.000), Manager’s knowledge, size of the farm and number of ponds have influence on estimated financial loss to diseases. Prevalence of fish diseases and its associated economic loss in fish farms in the state is on the high side, therefore the needs to improve on management of diseases to save the industry. Key words : antibiotics; aquaculture; bacteria; disease outbreak; economic loss.
{"title":"Prevalence of fish diseases in fish farms in Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"AB Dauda, HI Ibrahim","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V63I4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V63I4","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of fish disease in fish farms in Nigeria was investigated using data from structured questionnaire obtained during farm visits, and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Findings from the study revealed that majority of the farm manager’s (45.7) have less than 3 years of experience in fish farming. Most of the farms (60%) have operated for less than 5 years. Few of the fish farms (8.5%) have more than 21 ponds/tanks. Diseases outbreak has been experienced in about 54.3% of the fish farms among which 31.6% experience it often. Bacteria diseases were reported to be the dominant diseases in the state and the associated economic loss was valued between ₦50,000 and ₦1,000,000. Majority of the farmers (89.5%) were able to control the diseases with 84.2% of them controlling the diseases with antibiotics. The regression result had coefficient of determination 0.624 with f-ratio 7.746 (p=0.000), Manager’s knowledge, size of the farm and number of ponds have influence on estimated financial loss to diseases. Prevalence of fish diseases and its associated economic loss in fish farms in the state is on the high side, therefore the needs to improve on management of diseases to save the industry. Key words : antibiotics; aquaculture; bacteria; disease outbreak; economic loss.","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"71 1","pages":"495-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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