N. Lako, T. Keambou, T. B. A. Hako, S. Raquel, L. Frederico, N. Amvongo, A. Njouendou, S. Wanji, J. Wabo, J. Tchoumboué
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the major constraints to poultry in most developing countries. It is a highly contagious and fatal disease caused by a virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. In other to evaluate the evidence of ND among village chicken, an epidemiological survey was carried out between September and October 2013 in 7 villages (Foumban, Bangang, Tole, Tiko, Muyuka and Muea) of two regions (West and South-West) in Cameroon. One hundred and thirty (130) blood samples were collected from the wing vein on free range local chicken. The blood was allow to clot at room temperature and the serum collected was kept in a freezer until analysis. Serological tests were done using the indirect ELISA test. The overall seroprevalence was 32.30%, with 28.26 and 34.52% respectively for the West and South-West regions. In the West region, Foumban recorded the highest seroprevalence (34.37%) compared to Bangang (14.29%) while in the South-West region Tole has the highest seroprevalence (70%) followed in order by Tiko (38,7%), Muyuka (30%) and Muea (21,21%). Younger chickens (0-16 weeks) presented a lower seroprevalence (15.38%) than older ones (43.10%). Also, the mean antibody titer was lower in younger chickens (4782.92 unit/ml) than in older hens (7284.88units/ml). Considering the chicken phenotype, naked neck recorded the highest seroprevalence (40%) followed by the normal feathering chicken (38%), the crested (31.82%), the feathered tarsus (27.78%) and finally the crested-feathered tarsus (25%). The seroprevalence of Newcastle disease was not influenced by the vaccination as in the contrary of antibody titer. Keywords: epidemiology, Newcastle disease, local chicken, Cameroon
{"title":"Epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus among local chickens of west and south-west regions in Cameroon","authors":"N. Lako, T. Keambou, T. B. A. Hako, S. Raquel, L. Frederico, N. Amvongo, A. Njouendou, S. Wanji, J. Wabo, J. Tchoumboué","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V63I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V63I2","url":null,"abstract":"Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the major constraints to poultry in most developing countries. It is a highly contagious and fatal disease caused by a virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. In other to evaluate the evidence of ND among village chicken, an epidemiological survey was carried out between September and October 2013 in 7 villages (Foumban, Bangang, Tole, Tiko, Muyuka and Muea) of two regions (West and South-West) in Cameroon. One hundred and thirty (130) blood samples were collected from the wing vein on free range local chicken. The blood was allow to clot at room temperature and the serum collected was kept in a freezer until analysis. Serological tests were done using the indirect ELISA test. The overall seroprevalence was 32.30%, with 28.26 and 34.52% respectively for the West and South-West regions. In the West region, Foumban recorded the highest seroprevalence (34.37%) compared to Bangang (14.29%) while in the South-West region Tole has the highest seroprevalence (70%) followed in order by Tiko (38,7%), Muyuka (30%) and Muea (21,21%). Younger chickens (0-16 weeks) presented a lower seroprevalence (15.38%) than older ones (43.10%). Also, the mean antibody titer was lower in younger chickens (4782.92 unit/ml) than in older hens (7284.88units/ml). Considering the chicken phenotype, naked neck recorded the highest seroprevalence (40%) followed by the normal feathering chicken (38%), the crested (31.82%), the feathered tarsus (27.78%) and finally the crested-feathered tarsus (25%). The seroprevalence of Newcastle disease was not influenced by the vaccination as in the contrary of antibody titer. Keywords: epidemiology, Newcastle disease, local chicken, Cameroon","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"67 1","pages":"279-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional study coupled with questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of camel trypanosomosis and assess associated risk factors in Moyale district, Borena Zone, Oromia region, southern Ethiopia from November 2014 to April 2015. Blood samples were collected from randomly selected 384 camels. Giemsa-stained blood smears were used for the detection of Trypanosomes infection. Out of 384 examined camels, 39 (10.2%) were positive for Trypanosoma evansi. There was statistically significant difference between age groups and trypanosome infection (P 4 years (15.5%) followed by 3-4 years (5.6%) and 0.05). The prevalence was varied among study localities within the district revealing the highest prevalence in Bokola (14.3%) and the lowest (7.1%) in Lagasure. A questionnaire survey was administered to 45 respondents comprised of 80% of the interviewed camel herders were pastoralists while the rest were agro-pastoralists to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of the community about camel trypanosomosis . All respondents (100%) were familiar with the disease and knew the typical clinical signs of the disease. According to the respondents the cause and means of the transmission of the disease was by biting flies at congregation of camel herds around water and in pasture. About 88.9% of householders stated that the disease occurs at onset of major rainy season. All of them mentioned that the disease causes abortion. The present study revealed that camel trypanosomosis is prevalent in Moyale district at relatively low levels. Thus, there is need of further study with the use of more sensitive diagnostic tests in order to establish effective control measures. Keywords: Blood, Camel trypanosomosis , Moyale, Prevalence, Smear, Survey
{"title":"Prevalence of camel Trypanosomosis and its associated risk factors in Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Isa Abdukadir, Nuraddis Ibrahim, Y. Deneke","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V63I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V63I3","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study coupled with questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of camel trypanosomosis and assess associated risk factors in Moyale district, Borena Zone, Oromia region, southern Ethiopia from November 2014 to April 2015. Blood samples were collected from randomly selected 384 camels. Giemsa-stained blood smears were used for the detection of Trypanosomes infection. Out of 384 examined camels, 39 (10.2%) were positive for Trypanosoma evansi. There was statistically significant difference between age groups and trypanosome infection (P 4 years (15.5%) followed by 3-4 years (5.6%) and 0.05). The prevalence was varied among study localities within the district revealing the highest prevalence in Bokola (14.3%) and the lowest (7.1%) in Lagasure. A questionnaire survey was administered to 45 respondents comprised of 80% of the interviewed camel herders were pastoralists while the rest were agro-pastoralists to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of the community about camel trypanosomosis . All respondents (100%) were familiar with the disease and knew the typical clinical signs of the disease. According to the respondents the cause and means of the transmission of the disease was by biting flies at congregation of camel herds around water and in pasture. About 88.9% of householders stated that the disease occurs at onset of major rainy season. All of them mentioned that the disease causes abortion. The present study revealed that camel trypanosomosis is prevalent in Moyale district at relatively low levels. Thus, there is need of further study with the use of more sensitive diagnostic tests in order to establish effective control measures. Keywords: Blood, Camel trypanosomosis , Moyale, Prevalence, Smear, Survey","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"63 1","pages":"299-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban agriculture has served for a long time as a vital asset in the livelihood strategies of urban households in developing countries. It has been considered since then as a relevant input in responding to the embryonic economic situation of developing countries resulting to the structural adjustment programs and increasing migrations. Urban agriculture has expanded rapidly during the last two decades. And practicing it, will upgrade the income generation for the abundant unqualified workforce in urban cities in developing countries. It is therefore, the role of political leaders to regulate that fruitful sector, with (i) the provision of land regulation policies, meaning the legalization of urban agriculture as a step towards securing lands for the urban poor. Its illegal consideration status has left a governance vacuum, which should be filled through policy formulation and regular institutionalized management in a participatory manner including all relevant stakeholders, if food security has to be increased and environment improved in an urban development context, (ii) the supply of fertilizers and seeds for cereals and tubers in order to improve the expected harvest capacities and monitor the process with a free of charge availability and supply of agronomy technicians staff (iii) and finally with training programs related to the same. This article also gives an overview of the advantage of planning a city, a definition and pros of urban economy in country development. Finally, as a social sciences paper, it aims at giving pathways for political leaders in how to reconsider the abundant unqualified work force in urban cities in developing countries.
{"title":"Urban agriculture and poverty alleviation in developing countries","authors":"Zogo Ndomo, Y. Emmanuel","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V62I4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V62I4","url":null,"abstract":"Urban agriculture has served for a long time as a vital asset in the livelihood strategies of urban households in developing countries. It has been considered since then as a relevant input in responding to the embryonic economic situation of developing countries resulting to the structural adjustment programs and increasing migrations. Urban agriculture has expanded rapidly during the last two decades. And practicing it, will upgrade the income generation for the abundant unqualified workforce in urban cities in developing countries. It is therefore, the role of political leaders to regulate that fruitful sector, with (i) the provision of land regulation policies, meaning the legalization of urban agriculture as a step towards securing lands for the urban poor. Its illegal consideration status has left a governance vacuum, which should be filled through policy formulation and regular institutionalized management in a participatory manner including all relevant stakeholders, if food security has to be increased and environment improved in an urban development context, (ii) the supply of fertilizers and seeds for cereals and tubers in order to improve the expected harvest capacities and monitor the process with a free of charge availability and supply of agronomy technicians staff (iii) and finally with training programs related to the same. This article also gives an overview of the advantage of planning a city, a definition and pros of urban economy in country development. Finally, as a social sciences paper, it aims at giving pathways for political leaders in how to reconsider the abundant unqualified work force in urban cities in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"62 1","pages":"405-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Bidjeh, O. Assandi, M. Saboun, Monique Léchenne, Ns Kemdongarti, R. Minkedem, A. Idriss, Dm Doumagoum, J. Zinsstag
La rage est une zoonose virale grave. Elle constitue autant de menace pour la Sante Publique que les autres infections. Elle est causee par un virus du genre Lyssavirus et de la famille rhabdoviridae. Pour l’execution de la campagne antirabique 2012, 30 agents vaccinateurs et 3 superviseurs ont ete recrutes, vaccines contre la rage et formes sur les techniques de vaccination. Aussi, 50.000 doses du vaccin antirabique, des seringues, des carnets de vaccination et des aiguilles ainsi que des glacieres (10 de 5 litres et 3 de 50 litres) ont ete achetees. Les seances de vaccination des chiens et autres animaux de compagnie se sont deroulees uniquement pendant les week-ends (vendredi, samedi et dimanche) et se sont realisees aux endroits (postes) fixes predetermines en commun accord avec les Delegues des quartiers. Pour mener a bien la campagne de vaccination, des seances de sensibilisation de la population de la ville de N’djamena ont ete organisees. Elles consistaient en l’affichage des posters dans les lieux publics (les hopitaux, les centres de sante, les etablissements scolaires, les bureaux des arrondissements, etc.), la distribution des depliants dans les hopitaux et les centres de sante et l’organisation d’un atelier d’information a l’intention des Delegues de differents quartiers de Ndjamena. La campagne de vaccination antirabique edition 2012 a ete lancee officiellement lors de la manifestation de la journee mondiale de lutte contre la rage le 28 Septembre a l’Ecole Nationale des Techniques d’Elevage (ENATE). La campagne de vaccination de masse a dure au total 13 semaines. Selon la methode developpee par Thomas Bayes au 18eme siecle citee par Goodman (1999), la population canine dans la ville de Ndjamena a ete estimee a 24.989 tetes. Au total 17.701 chiens avec proprietaires ont ete vaccines lors de cette campagne soit une couverture vaccinale de 70,83%. Hormis les chiens, 1.484 chats et 104 singes ont aussi ete vaccines. Malgre les difficultes rencontrees durant la campagne de vaccination antirabique 2012, les resultats de la campagne antirabique de 2012 peuvent etre consideres comme succes car plus de 70,% de taux de couverture vaccinale est obtenue, ce qui est legerement au dessus du seuil preconise par l’Organisation mondiale de la sante animale qui est de 70%. Pour la prochaine campagne, il est recommande d’impliquer suffisamment les maires d’arrondissements afin d’amener les delegues des quartiers et les chefs des carres a mieux sensibiliser leurs populations respectives. Mots cles : Rage, vaccin, vaccination, chiens, Ndjamena, Tchad
{"title":"Résultats de la campagne de vaccination massive des chiens et autres animaux de compagnie contre la rage dans la ville de ndjamena, 2012","authors":"K. Bidjeh, O. Assandi, M. Saboun, Monique Léchenne, Ns Kemdongarti, R. Minkedem, A. Idriss, Dm Doumagoum, J. Zinsstag","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V62I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V62I2","url":null,"abstract":"La rage est une zoonose virale grave. Elle constitue autant de menace pour la Sante Publique que les autres infections. Elle est causee par un virus du genre Lyssavirus et de la famille rhabdoviridae. Pour l’execution de la campagne antirabique 2012, 30 agents vaccinateurs et 3 superviseurs ont ete recrutes, vaccines contre la rage et formes sur les techniques de vaccination. Aussi, 50.000 doses du vaccin antirabique, des seringues, des carnets de vaccination et des aiguilles ainsi que des glacieres (10 de 5 litres et 3 de 50 litres) ont ete achetees. Les seances de vaccination des chiens et autres animaux de compagnie se sont deroulees uniquement pendant les week-ends (vendredi, samedi et dimanche) et se sont realisees aux endroits (postes) fixes predetermines en commun accord avec les Delegues des quartiers. Pour mener a bien la campagne de vaccination, des seances de sensibilisation de la population de la ville de N’djamena ont ete organisees. Elles consistaient en l’affichage des posters dans les lieux publics (les hopitaux, les centres de sante, les etablissements scolaires, les bureaux des arrondissements, etc.), la distribution des depliants dans les hopitaux et les centres de sante et l’organisation d’un atelier d’information a l’intention des Delegues de differents quartiers de Ndjamena. La campagne de vaccination antirabique edition 2012 a ete lancee officiellement lors de la manifestation de la journee mondiale de lutte contre la rage le 28 Septembre a l’Ecole Nationale des Techniques d’Elevage (ENATE). La campagne de vaccination de masse a dure au total 13 semaines. Selon la methode developpee par Thomas Bayes au 18eme siecle citee par Goodman (1999), la population canine dans la ville de Ndjamena a ete estimee a 24.989 tetes. Au total 17.701 chiens avec proprietaires ont ete vaccines lors de cette campagne soit une couverture vaccinale de 70,83%. Hormis les chiens, 1.484 chats et 104 singes ont aussi ete vaccines. Malgre les difficultes rencontrees durant la campagne de vaccination antirabique 2012, les resultats de la campagne antirabique de 2012 peuvent etre consideres comme succes car plus de 70,% de taux de couverture vaccinale est obtenue, ce qui est legerement au dessus du seuil preconise par l’Organisation mondiale de la sante animale qui est de 70%. Pour la prochaine campagne, il est recommande d’impliquer suffisamment les maires d’arrondissements afin d’amener les delegues des quartiers et les chefs des carres a mieux sensibiliser leurs populations respectives. Mots cles : Rage, vaccin, vaccination, chiens, Ndjamena, Tchad","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"62 1","pages":"121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70489028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Jarikre, B. Emikpe, R. Folitse, Tk Odoom, E. Shaibu, A. Fuseini
There is dearth of information on occurrence of various diseases associated with carcass condemnation in countries other than Nigeria within West Africa. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the common disease conditions that results in carcass condemnation of food animals in Tamale, northern Ghana and the hub of cattle production of Ghana. Data obtained from abattoir records of diseases and lesions observed in food animals slaughtered in Tamale abattoir for a period of two years were analyzed. The disease conditions observed include Tuberculosis 14.3%, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia 27.5%, Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia 1.6%, Lumpy Skin Disease 1.3%, Mastitis 1.1% and others. This showed that zoonotic and pneumonia associated transboundary diseases are the most important diseases in food animals in Ghana. Hence proper meat inspections should be conducted in abattoirs and good record keeping of disease conditions of food animals should be maintained for adequate surveillance of livestock diseases. Sustainable disease control planning should be enhanced in Ghana. Keywords : Abattoir record, Animal disease, Lesion, Tamale, Ghana
{"title":"Some diseases associated with carcass condemnation in tamale abattoir, northern Ghana","authors":"T. Jarikre, B. Emikpe, R. Folitse, Tk Odoom, E. Shaibu, A. Fuseini","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V62I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V62I1","url":null,"abstract":"There is dearth of information on occurrence of various diseases associated with carcass condemnation in countries other than Nigeria within West Africa. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the common disease conditions that results in carcass condemnation of food animals in Tamale, northern Ghana and the hub of cattle production of Ghana. Data obtained from abattoir records of diseases and lesions observed in food animals slaughtered in Tamale abattoir for a period of two years were analyzed. The disease conditions observed include Tuberculosis 14.3%, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia 27.5%, Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia 1.6%, Lumpy Skin Disease 1.3%, Mastitis 1.1% and others. This showed that zoonotic and pneumonia associated transboundary diseases are the most important diseases in food animals in Ghana. Hence proper meat inspections should be conducted in abattoirs and good record keeping of disease conditions of food animals should be maintained for adequate surveillance of livestock diseases. Sustainable disease control planning should be enhanced in Ghana. Keywords : Abattoir record, Animal disease, Lesion, Tamale, Ghana","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"62 1","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Nguhiu-Mwangi, H. Otsyina, E. Mogoa, W. Ogara, P. Mbuthia
A report of Avian encephalomyelitis outbreak in two flocks of adult Japanese quail is presented. High mortalities, tremor, ataxia and lateral recumbency were the prominent clinical signs observed. Absence of gross pathology and microscopic lesions of gliosis, neuronal degeneration, meningitis, congested blood vessel with perivascular cuffing, suggestive of acute to subacute encephalitis gave a presumptive diagnosis of Avian encephalomyelitis. However, this outbreak in adult birds, being the first in Japanese quail in Nigeria, is at variance with previous reports on the disease occurring in young flocks. It is believed that the relative small body size of the Japanese quail is a contributory factor to their susceptibility even as adult birds. Routine vaccination is therefore recommended. Keywords : Avian Encephalomyelitis, Japanese quail, Clinical signs, Pathology, Nigeria.
{"title":"Presumptive diagnosis of Avian encephalomyelitis in Japanese quail in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"J. Nguhiu-Mwangi, H. Otsyina, E. Mogoa, W. Ogara, P. Mbuthia","doi":"10.4314/bahpa.v62i3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bahpa.v62i3","url":null,"abstract":"A report of Avian encephalomyelitis outbreak in two flocks of adult Japanese quail is presented. High mortalities, tremor, ataxia and lateral recumbency were the prominent clinical signs observed. Absence of gross pathology and microscopic lesions of gliosis, neuronal degeneration, meningitis, congested blood vessel with perivascular cuffing, suggestive of acute to subacute encephalitis gave a presumptive diagnosis of Avian encephalomyelitis. However, this outbreak in adult birds, being the first in Japanese quail in Nigeria, is at variance with previous reports on the disease occurring in young flocks. It is believed that the relative small body size of the Japanese quail is a contributory factor to their susceptibility even as adult birds. Routine vaccination is therefore recommended. Keywords : Avian Encephalomyelitis, Japanese quail, Clinical signs, Pathology, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"62 1","pages":"139-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ajayi, I. Oyewusi, M. Olaniyi, M. Oyekunle, A. Jagun, S. Omotainse, Khalid Talha Biobaku, O. Kasali
Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA), a contagious retroviral disease of sheep and goats, characterized by neoplastic growth of the ethmoidal mucosa in the nasal cavity is described in a West African Dwarf goat (WAD). A two-year old WAD goat, weighing approximately 20kg was observed in the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria. The WAD goat was presented with a clinical history of 31/2 months seromucoid to mucopurulent nasal discharge, dyspnoea with audible rales, stertorous breathing with open mouth, coughing and sneezing. Cytological evaluation revealed anaplastic features such as hyperchromasia and binucleation with 2 or more nucleoli. Haematological profile revealed leukocytosis, due to lymphocytosis initially, which later changed to neutrophilia with left shift, however, the was absence of anaemia. Grossly, there was unilateral, left facial swelling, bilateral, separate and discrete nodular and papillary tumourous masses in each nasal cavity with concomitant inflammation, necrosis and distortion of the nasal bones, turbinates and the median septum. Microscopically, two forms of the tumour mass were observed, which include; polyploidy and papillary forms and characterized by well-differentiated tubulo-acinar and cystic glands with their content Periodic Acid Schiff positive for glycoprotein. This report, to the best of our knowledge, is the first reported case of ENA in WAD goats in Nigeria. Keywords : Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma, West African Dwarf goat, Nigeria.
{"title":"Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma: Cytological and Clinicopathological Observations in a West African Dwarf Goat","authors":"O. Ajayi, I. Oyewusi, M. Olaniyi, M. Oyekunle, A. Jagun, S. Omotainse, Khalid Talha Biobaku, O. Kasali","doi":"10.4314/bahpa.v61i3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bahpa.v61i3","url":null,"abstract":"Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA), a contagious retroviral disease of sheep and goats, characterized by neoplastic growth of the ethmoidal mucosa in the nasal cavity is described in a West African Dwarf goat (WAD). A two-year old WAD goat, weighing approximately 20kg was observed in the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria. The WAD goat was presented with a clinical history of 31/2 months seromucoid to mucopurulent nasal discharge, dyspnoea with audible rales, stertorous breathing with open mouth, coughing and sneezing. Cytological evaluation revealed anaplastic features such as hyperchromasia and binucleation with 2 or more nucleoli. Haematological profile revealed leukocytosis, due to lymphocytosis initially, which later changed to neutrophilia with left shift, however, the was absence of anaemia. Grossly, there was unilateral, left facial swelling, bilateral, separate and discrete nodular and papillary tumourous masses in each nasal cavity with concomitant inflammation, necrosis and distortion of the nasal bones, turbinates and the median septum. Microscopically, two forms of the tumour mass were observed, which include; polyploidy and papillary forms and characterized by well-differentiated tubulo-acinar and cystic glands with their content Periodic Acid Schiff positive for glycoprotein. This report, to the best of our knowledge, is the first reported case of ENA in WAD goats in Nigeria. Keywords : Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma, West African Dwarf goat, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"24 1","pages":"231-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to investigate factors affecting virulence of E. coli in sheep and goats; parameters measured were, incidence of E. coli , effect of age, haemolytic activity serotyping of the pathogenic E. coli , detection of enterotoxin, astA and verotoxin genes of E. coli isolates using Polymerase chain reaction And antibiogram to the E. coli isolates. E. coli was isolated at highest percentage from diarrheic sheep at age ranged from 1 to 6 month, highest percentage from diarrheic goats aged from 7 to 12 month. E. coli isolated from diarrheic sheep gave alpha, beta and gamma hemolysis at percentage of 66.7 %, 18.2 % and 15.1%, respectively. Moreover, E. coli isolated from diarrheic goats gave alpha, beta and gamma hemolysis at percentage of 55%, 30% and 15 %, respectively. The results revealed that serotype O26 was the most E. coli serotype (31.4% ) that gave a positive Congo red followed by E. coli serotype O78 (22.9%) and E. coli serotype O86 (17.1%). Results of detection of verotoxin 2 gene of E. coli isolated from diarrheic sheep and goats revealed that the gene could not be detected in all examined E. coli isolates (7 isolates). On the other hand, results of detection STa gene in E. coli isolated from diarrheic sheep and goats revealed that 5 out of 7 E. coli isolates (71.4 %) were detected. astA gene of E. coli isolated from diarrhoeic sheep and goats was detected in all the examined isolates (7 isolates). It could be concluded that E. coli isolated from diarrhoeic sheep and goats was pathogenic and producer for enterotoxin and astA. Moreover, PCR is a simple and rapid method for detection of STa , astA and VT2 genes of E. coli Keywords: E. coli isolates; virulence; sheep; goats; PCR
{"title":"Factors Affecting Virulence of E. coli Isolates from Diarrheic Sheep and Goats","authors":"E. Mahrouk, A. Agour, A. Montasser","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V61I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V61I1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate factors affecting virulence of E. coli in sheep and goats; parameters measured were, incidence of E. coli , effect of age, haemolytic activity serotyping of the pathogenic E. coli , detection of enterotoxin, astA and verotoxin genes of E. coli isolates using Polymerase chain reaction And antibiogram to the E. coli isolates. E. coli was isolated at highest percentage from diarrheic sheep at age ranged from 1 to 6 month, highest percentage from diarrheic goats aged from 7 to 12 month. E. coli isolated from diarrheic sheep gave alpha, beta and gamma hemolysis at percentage of 66.7 %, 18.2 % and 15.1%, respectively. Moreover, E. coli isolated from diarrheic goats gave alpha, beta and gamma hemolysis at percentage of 55%, 30% and 15 %, respectively. The results revealed that serotype O26 was the most E. coli serotype (31.4% ) that gave a positive Congo red followed by E. coli serotype O78 (22.9%) and E. coli serotype O86 (17.1%). Results of detection of verotoxin 2 gene of E. coli isolated from diarrheic sheep and goats revealed that the gene could not be detected in all examined E. coli isolates (7 isolates). On the other hand, results of detection STa gene in E. coli isolated from diarrheic sheep and goats revealed that 5 out of 7 E. coli isolates (71.4 %) were detected. astA gene of E. coli isolated from diarrhoeic sheep and goats was detected in all the examined isolates (7 isolates). It could be concluded that E. coli isolated from diarrhoeic sheep and goats was pathogenic and producer for enterotoxin and astA. Moreover, PCR is a simple and rapid method for detection of STa , astA and VT2 genes of E. coli Keywords: E. coli isolates; virulence; sheep; goats; PCR","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design to evaluate growth response of male rabbits fed fumonisin contaminated diets for 28 weeks. 48 weaned rabbits with average weight of 757±50.50g were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments containing 0.1, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ppm fumonisin B1 (FB1), constituting diets 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The results showed that final cumulative live weight and daily weight gain of the animals were significantly depressed (P<0.05) in rabbits fed 7.5 and 10.0 ppm FB1 to about 88.11% and 85.27% respectively, relative to the mean daily weight gain of 7.74g of those that fed the control diet. Feed consumption of rabbits fed diets 2, 3 and 4 apparently declined to about 95.92, 91.51 and 84.77% respectively relative to the mean dry matter intake of the control rabbits. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lowered in animals fed control diet compared to those that fed the test diets. Percents mortality of 8.33 and 16.67 were recorded in rabbits that fed 7.5 and 10.0 ppm FB1 respectively as compared to no mortality among the animals that fed diets 2 and the control. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility were depressed (P<0.05) in rabbits fed 7.5 and 10.0 ppm FB1. The results suggest that exposure of rabbits to diet formulated with ingredient contaminated with fumonisin B1 up to 5.0ppm and above will depress growth performance and impair nutrient digestibility in rabbits. Keywords : Dietary Fumonisin, Growth response, Rabbits
{"title":"Growth Performance of Male Rabbits Exposed to Dietary Fumonisin","authors":"E. Ewuola, G. Egbunike","doi":"10.4314/bahpa.v61i4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bahpa.v61i4","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design to evaluate growth response of male rabbits fed fumonisin contaminated diets for 28 weeks. 48 weaned rabbits with average weight of 757±50.50g were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments containing 0.1, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ppm fumonisin B1 (FB1), constituting diets 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The results showed that final cumulative live weight and daily weight gain of the animals were significantly depressed (P<0.05) in rabbits fed 7.5 and 10.0 ppm FB1 to about 88.11% and 85.27% respectively, relative to the mean daily weight gain of 7.74g of those that fed the control diet. Feed consumption of rabbits fed diets 2, 3 and 4 apparently declined to about 95.92, 91.51 and 84.77% respectively relative to the mean dry matter intake of the control rabbits. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lowered in animals fed control diet compared to those that fed the test diets. Percents mortality of 8.33 and 16.67 were recorded in rabbits that fed 7.5 and 10.0 ppm FB1 respectively as compared to no mortality among the animals that fed diets 2 and the control. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility were depressed (P<0.05) in rabbits fed 7.5 and 10.0 ppm FB1. The results suggest that exposure of rabbits to diet formulated with ingredient contaminated with fumonisin B1 up to 5.0ppm and above will depress growth performance and impair nutrient digestibility in rabbits. Keywords : Dietary Fumonisin, Growth response, Rabbits","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Philippe, E. Frankline, R. Fara, S. Moussa, F. Jean-Marc, S. Adama, G. Amadou, A. Rianatou, M. Ayao, J. A. Ayayi
Serological survey on the prevalence of Newcastle disease (NCD) virus antibodies using haemagglutination inhibition test (HI) and virological detection by RT-PCR of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, were carried out in 6 regions of Senegal from June to November 2008. Rural chickens were raised in free ranging traditional and backyard systems. A total of 668 birds were sampled and 150 cloacae swabs from wild birds were used for the study. Data on medical care (treatments) and hygiene were collected using a questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of NCD virus antibodies was 54.4% in these rural chickens but the prevalence of protective Newcastle disease virus antibodies in vaccinated chickens was 70.6% and in unvaccinated chickens 43.8%. These results suggest that for the “vaccinated chickens” group, the vaccination was not well carried out, furthermore the results also imply the possibility of circulation of a wild strain of NCD virus. There was a significant difference in prevalence between regions and the use of antibiotics for vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens. Multiple correspondence analysis classified regions in four sectors in which emphasis has to be laid on vaccination or training. To further understand the epidemiology of NCD in rural chickens in Senegal, characterisation of isolates and risk factor studies should be conducted. No HPAI H5N1 virus was detected in our study. This confirms the negative status of Senegal for HPAI H5N1. Guinea fowls, Ducks, Turkeys and chickens were positive to the HI test. Keywords : Prevalence, Newcastle disease, Avian Influenza, Rural chickens, Senegal
{"title":"Serological and Virological Study of Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza in Chickens in Rural Areas in Senegal","authors":"K. Philippe, E. Frankline, R. Fara, S. Moussa, F. Jean-Marc, S. Adama, G. Amadou, A. Rianatou, M. Ayao, J. A. Ayayi","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V61I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V61I2","url":null,"abstract":"Serological survey on the prevalence of Newcastle disease (NCD) virus antibodies using haemagglutination inhibition test (HI) and virological detection by RT-PCR of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, were carried out in 6 regions of Senegal from June to November 2008. Rural chickens were raised in free ranging traditional and backyard systems. A total of 668 birds were sampled and 150 cloacae swabs from wild birds were used for the study. Data on medical care (treatments) and hygiene were collected using a questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of NCD virus antibodies was 54.4% in these rural chickens but the prevalence of protective Newcastle disease virus antibodies in vaccinated chickens was 70.6% and in unvaccinated chickens 43.8%. These results suggest that for the “vaccinated chickens” group, the vaccination was not well carried out, furthermore the results also imply the possibility of circulation of a wild strain of NCD virus. There was a significant difference in prevalence between regions and the use of antibiotics for vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens. Multiple correspondence analysis classified regions in four sectors in which emphasis has to be laid on vaccination or training. To further understand the epidemiology of NCD in rural chickens in Senegal, characterisation of isolates and risk factor studies should be conducted. No HPAI H5N1 virus was detected in our study. This confirms the negative status of Senegal for HPAI H5N1. Guinea fowls, Ducks, Turkeys and chickens were positive to the HI test. Keywords : Prevalence, Newcastle disease, Avian Influenza, Rural chickens, Senegal","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"61 1","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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