Pub Date : 2010-11-16DOI: 10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62052
E. Wafula, S. Omwenga, J. Kidali, J. Mugambi
{"title":"Short Communicaton: The socio-economic impact of helminth infections and the level of adoption of strategic helminth control by small ruminant farmers in Kakamega district, western Kenya","authors":"E. Wafula, S. Omwenga, J. Kidali, J. Mugambi","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70487284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-16DOI: 10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62047
T. Tedele, A. Mulualem, M. Gebreyesus
A sero-epidemiological survey of bovine brucellosis in two selected was conducted from November 2007 to April 2008 in North Gondar Zone. Sera from 780 cattle (571) local and (209) cross breed were screened using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and RBPT positive reactors were further confirmed by Complement Fixation Test. Out of 780 cattle tested 10 (1.28%) were positive to RBPT and 4(0.5%) CFT. The over all prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study area was found to be (0.5%). A total of 660 dairy cows were examined; 209 cows from semi-intensive management system farms and 451 from extensive management system cows to investigate the prevalence of abortion and retained fetal membranes. A relatively higher prevalence of abortion was recorded in semi-intensive management system cows (4.8%) than extensive management system cows (3.99%). The differences in prevalence was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Higher prevalence of retained fetal membrane was found in semi-intensive management system cows (4.8%) than extensive management system cows (1.33%). This difference in prevalence was statistically significant (p Keywords: Survey, bovine brucellosis, abortion, retained fetal membranes, North Gondar
{"title":"Sero-epidemiological survey of bovine brucellosis and reproductive health problems in North Gondar zone milkshed areas, north western Ethiopia","authors":"T. Tedele, A. Mulualem, M. Gebreyesus","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62047","url":null,"abstract":"A sero-epidemiological survey of bovine brucellosis in two selected was conducted from November 2007 to April 2008 in North Gondar Zone. Sera from 780 cattle (571) local and (209) cross breed were screened using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and RBPT positive reactors were further confirmed by Complement Fixation Test. Out of 780 cattle tested 10 (1.28%) were positive to RBPT and 4(0.5%) CFT. The over all prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study area was found to be (0.5%). A total of 660 dairy cows were examined; 209 cows from semi-intensive management system farms and 451 from extensive management system cows to investigate the prevalence of abortion and retained fetal membranes. A relatively higher prevalence of abortion was recorded in semi-intensive management system cows (4.8%) than extensive management system cows (3.99%). The differences in prevalence was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Higher prevalence of retained fetal membrane was found in semi-intensive management system cows (4.8%) than extensive management system cows (1.33%). This difference in prevalence was statistically significant (p Keywords: Survey, bovine brucellosis, abortion, retained fetal membranes, North Gondar","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"58 1","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70487133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-16DOI: 10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.63086
J. Mhoma, P. Kanyari, J. Kagira
Parasitism is among the causes of continuous ill-health and lowered productivity in livestock in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. The present study was carried out at urban and pre-urban of Mwanza city in Tanzania to determine the prevalence of parasite infection in cattle kept by livestock smallholders. A random sample of 27 urban farmers with a total 175 diary cattle and 29 peri-urban farmers with a total of 283 mainly zebu cattle were selected and faecal, ectoparasites and blood samples were collected from each catlle. Direct smear floatation and sedimentation methods were employed to detect protozoa and helmiths in the faeces while Giemsa stain was used for the identification of haemoparasites. In all areas management system was assesed. The prevalence of different types of helminths, protozoa, haemoparasites and ectoparasites in diary cattle of urban Mwanza city were Strongylid nematodes 12%, Fasciola 5.1% Entomoeba ssp 18.2%, Guardia spp 4.6%, Anaplasma marginale 4.2%, Anaplasma centrale 3.4% and Theilaria piroplasma 2.5% respectively. No ectoparasites were found in urban areas. In the peri-urban areas the parasites found were Strongylid nematodes 28.6%, Fasciola 44.2%, Paramphistomum 6.4%, Entomoeba spp 42.4% Giardia spp 15.2%, Schistosoma bovis 0.35%, Anaplasma marginale 6%, Theileria piroplasms 2.5%. Ectoparasites found were, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus 12.4% Amblyomna variegatum 9.5% and Boophilus decoloratus 4.2%. The difference in the livestock management system in the two areas clearly explains the observed high prevalence of parasite infection in the peri-uban areas compared to the urban areas of city. The negative impact of these parasites on livestock productivity and their public health importance since some of them are zoonotic in nature cannot be overemphasized. The study validates the need to bring awareness to the farmers and the public at large so that they may embark on development of control strategies. Key word: Urban, peri-urban, helminths, protozoa, haemoparasites, endoparasites, ectoparasites, zoonosis.
{"title":"The prevalence of Helminths, Haemoparasites and ectoparasites in cattle in urban and peri-urban areas of Mwanza city, Tanzania","authors":"J. Mhoma, P. Kanyari, J. Kagira","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.63086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.63086","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitism is among the causes of continuous ill-health and lowered productivity in livestock in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. The present study was carried out at urban and pre-urban of Mwanza city in Tanzania to determine the prevalence of parasite infection in cattle kept by livestock smallholders. A random sample of 27 urban farmers with a total 175 diary cattle and 29 peri-urban farmers with a total of 283 mainly zebu cattle were selected and faecal, ectoparasites and blood samples were collected from each catlle. Direct smear floatation and sedimentation methods were employed to detect protozoa and helmiths in the faeces while Giemsa stain was used for the identification of haemoparasites. In all areas management system was assesed. The prevalence of different types of helminths, protozoa, haemoparasites and ectoparasites in diary cattle of urban Mwanza city were Strongylid nematodes 12%, Fasciola 5.1% Entomoeba ssp 18.2%, Guardia spp 4.6%, Anaplasma marginale 4.2%, Anaplasma centrale 3.4% and Theilaria piroplasma 2.5% respectively. No ectoparasites were found in urban areas. In the peri-urban areas the parasites found were Strongylid nematodes 28.6%, Fasciola 44.2%, Paramphistomum 6.4%, Entomoeba spp 42.4% Giardia spp 15.2%, Schistosoma bovis 0.35%, Anaplasma marginale 6%, Theileria piroplasms 2.5%. Ectoparasites found were, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus 12.4% Amblyomna variegatum 9.5% and Boophilus decoloratus 4.2%. The difference in the livestock management system in the two areas clearly explains the observed high prevalence of parasite infection in the peri-uban areas compared to the urban areas of city. The negative impact of these parasites on livestock productivity and their public health importance since some of them are zoonotic in nature cannot be overemphasized. The study validates the need to bring awareness to the farmers and the public at large so that they may embark on development of control strategies. Key word: Urban, peri-urban, helminths, protozoa, haemoparasites, endoparasites, ectoparasites, zoonosis.","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"58 1","pages":"155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70487331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-16DOI: 10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62053
J. B. Okuni, L. Ojok
{"title":"Short Communication: Two cases of paratuberculosis in Ugandan cattle","authors":"J. B. Okuni, L. Ojok","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70487322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-16DOI: 10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62048
S. Ruhweza, C. Ayebazibwe, F. Mwiine, D. Muhanguzi, W. Olaho
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious viral disease of small ruminants in Africa and Asia. PPR outbreak in Uganda was reported in Karamoja region in July, 2007, but the disease epidemiology has not been fully explored. This study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence and the extent of distribution of PPR antibodies in goats and sheep within the districts surrounding Karamoja so as to guide future control efforts. Serum samples were purposively collected from eleven districts including Soroti, Kumi, Kapchorwa, Katakwi, Sironko, Bukedea, Bukwa, Kaberamaido, Lira, Pader, and Kitgum based on the history of poor goat and sheep health. Seroprevalence of PPR virus antibodies was determined using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of PPR virus antibodies in sheep and goats in the districts surrounding Karamoja region was 9.4 % (CI=95%, 7.6-11.2). No PPR virus antibodies were detected in sera from Kaberamaido and Soroti districts while Kitgum district recorded the highest seroprevalence of 21.3% (CI=95% 16.6- 25.8). This study shows that PPR antibodies were distributed beyond the initially confirmed Karamoja region. There is need for further research on the epidemiology and risk factors of PPR in Uganda. Key-words: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), seroprevalence, goats and sheep, Uganda.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) virus antibodies in goats and sheep in north-eastern Uganda","authors":"S. Ruhweza, C. Ayebazibwe, F. Mwiine, D. Muhanguzi, W. Olaho","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62048","url":null,"abstract":"Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious viral disease of small ruminants in Africa and Asia. PPR outbreak in Uganda was reported in Karamoja region in July, 2007, but the disease epidemiology has not been fully explored. This study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence and the extent of distribution of PPR antibodies in goats and sheep within the districts surrounding Karamoja so as to guide future control efforts. Serum samples were purposively collected from eleven districts including Soroti, Kumi, Kapchorwa, Katakwi, Sironko, Bukedea, Bukwa, Kaberamaido, Lira, Pader, and Kitgum based on the history of poor goat and sheep health. Seroprevalence of PPR virus antibodies was determined using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of PPR virus antibodies in sheep and goats in the districts surrounding Karamoja region was 9.4 % (CI=95%, 7.6-11.2). No PPR virus antibodies were detected in sera from Kaberamaido and Soroti districts while Kitgum district recorded the highest seroprevalence of 21.3% (CI=95% 16.6- 25.8). This study shows that PPR antibodies were distributed beyond the initially confirmed Karamoja region. There is need for further research on the epidemiology and risk factors of PPR in Uganda. Key-words: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), seroprevalence, goats and sheep, Uganda.","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"58 1","pages":"141-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70487220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-16DOI: 10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62049
B. Emikpe, S. Akpavie
Serological surveys studies on Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection had been on village goats with less emphasis on urban goats which are faced with high risk of the spread of the disease. With the dynamic changes associated with a disease process and the myriad of factors that enhances the spread of the disease, the need to know the present status of the disease in village and urban goats in the southwestern Nigeria where the West African dwarf (WAD) goat are located is expedient. 340 goats of different ages from selected urban and rural communities in Oyo state were screened using an indirect ELISA technique. The overall prevalence of PPRV antibodies was 63.5% with a higher rate (69.0%) in the rural goats (p Key words: Prevalence, Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus, antibodies, goats, Nigeria
{"title":"The prevalence of antibodies to Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) in goats from rural and urban communities in Ibadan,Nigeria","authors":"B. Emikpe, S. Akpavie","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V58I2.62049","url":null,"abstract":"Serological surveys studies on Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection had been on village goats with less emphasis on urban goats which are faced with high risk of the spread of the disease. With the dynamic changes associated with a disease process and the myriad of factors that enhances the spread of the disease, the need to know the present status of the disease in village and urban goats in the southwestern Nigeria where the West African dwarf (WAD) goat are located is expedient. 340 goats of different ages from selected urban and rural communities in Oyo state were screened using an indirect ELISA technique. The overall prevalence of PPRV antibodies was 63.5% with a higher rate (69.0%) in the rural goats (p Key words: Prevalence, Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus, antibodies, goats, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"10 20 1","pages":"147-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70487261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S2040470010000853
F. Tendonkeng, B. Boukila, T. E. Pamo
The study of the potential for using multinutrient block for supplementing feeding of growing West African dwarf goats during dry season were carried in the Experimental Farm of the University of Dschang. Twenty young West African dwarf goats were divided in two groups of ten animals each 6-7 month old and averagely weighing 9.07±1.17 kg were used. The animals of the supplemented group (group 2) received 100 g of multinutrient block per animal per day whereas those of the control group (group 1) did not receive any supplement. The animals were weight every 14 days for the evaluation of growth. The body condition score (BCS) was take at the beginning and at the end of the study. A sample of 100 g of multinutrient block was taken for the chemical composition analysis. The results showed that the multinutrient block had a high percentage of crude proteins (37.43%DM) and ash (29.03%DM). The organic matter (OM) content, the cells wall constituent (NDF), hemicellulose and cellulose were 70.97; 25.03; 12.40 and 5.70 %DM respectively. At the end of the study, the average BCS (3.9 ± 0.10) and average weight of the supplemented goats (16.90 ± 2.94 kg) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control group (2.9 ± 0.1; 12.42 ± 2.50 kg). The total weight gain was 3.30 kg and 7.89 kg corresponding to a daily average weight gain of 23.57 g/d and 56.35 g/d respectively for the animals of group 1 and group 2. It can be conclude that the multinutrient block significantly improves the growth of the young West African dwarf goats and can be widely used under climate change.
{"title":"Potential for Using Multinutrient Block for Supplementing Feeding of Growing Goats During Dry Season in Cameroon","authors":"F. Tendonkeng, B. Boukila, T. E. Pamo","doi":"10.1017/S2040470010000853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040470010000853","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the potential for using multinutrient block for supplementing feeding of growing West African dwarf goats during dry season were carried in the Experimental Farm of the University of Dschang. Twenty young West African dwarf goats were divided in two groups of ten animals each 6-7 month old and averagely weighing 9.07±1.17 kg were used. The animals of the supplemented group (group 2) received 100 g of multinutrient block per animal per day whereas those of the control group (group 1) did not receive any supplement. The animals were weight every 14 days for the evaluation of growth. The body condition score (BCS) was take at the beginning and at the end of the study. A sample of 100 g of multinutrient block was taken for the chemical composition analysis. The results showed that the multinutrient block had a high percentage of crude proteins (37.43%DM) and ash (29.03%DM). The organic matter (OM) content, the cells wall constituent (NDF), hemicellulose and cellulose were 70.97; 25.03; 12.40 and 5.70 %DM respectively. At the end of the study, the average BCS (3.9 ± 0.10) and average weight of the supplemented goats (16.90 ± 2.94 kg) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control group (2.9 ± 0.1; 12.42 ± 2.50 kg). The total weight gain was 3.30 kg and 7.89 kg corresponding to a daily average weight gain of 23.57 g/d and 56.35 g/d respectively for the animals of group 1 and group 2. It can be conclude that the multinutrient block significantly improves the growth of the young West African dwarf goats and can be widely used under climate change.","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"59 1","pages":"252-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S2040470010000853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57345111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-27DOI: 10.4314/BAHPA.V58I1.57048
A. Thaiyah, P. N. Nyaga, J. Maribei, D. Nduati, P. Mbuthia, T. Ngatia
A study was carried out to determine the toxicity of unripe fruits of S. incanum L in goats. Dried unripe fruits of S. incanum L, were orally fed to goats at a dose rate of 0 (group1), 0.75 (group 2), 1.5 (group 3) and 2.25 (group 4) g/Kg /day for 9 weeks. Clinical signs were observed daily while blood with and without anticoagulant was taken weekly for haematological and biochemical analysis. Clinical signs started on day two with shivering. All group 4 goats (2.25g/ kg) showed bloat, colic, coughing and shivering while one goat had additional signs of depression, staggering gait and continuous bleating before death. One goat in group 3 (1.5g/kg) had bloat, shivering, progressive weakness, depression, staggering gait, lateral recumbency, leg paddling movements, continuous bleating and death while the rest were asymtomatic. All group 2 goats (0.75g/kg) were asymptomatic. Group 4 goats had hydroperitoneum and hydropericardium while group 3 had hydroperitoneum and fibrinous pericarditis. Group 2 goats had no significant pathology. On histopathology the brain of group 3 and 4 goats showed microthrombi, marked wallerian degeneration of neurons and necrosis of purkinje cells while group 2 goats only showed congestion. Other organs in the body also showed significant pathology. The results indicate that unripe fruits of S. incanum L are toxic to goats and allowing animals to graze on this plant could be deleterious to their health. Key words: Poisonous plants, Solanum incanum, Solanaceae, cerebellar disease, diseases of goats, neuropathology
{"title":"Experimental Solanum incanum L. poisoning in goats","authors":"A. Thaiyah, P. N. Nyaga, J. Maribei, D. Nduati, P. Mbuthia, T. Ngatia","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V58I1.57048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V58I1.57048","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to determine the toxicity of unripe fruits of S. incanum L in goats. Dried unripe fruits of S. incanum L, were orally fed to goats at a dose rate of 0 (group1), 0.75 (group 2), 1.5 (group 3) and 2.25 (group 4) g/Kg /day for 9 weeks. Clinical signs were observed daily while blood with and without anticoagulant was taken weekly for haematological and biochemical analysis. Clinical signs started on day two with shivering. All group 4 goats (2.25g/ kg) showed bloat, colic, coughing and shivering while one goat had additional signs of depression, staggering gait and continuous bleating before death. One goat in group 3 (1.5g/kg) had bloat, shivering, progressive weakness, depression, staggering gait, lateral recumbency, leg paddling movements, continuous bleating and death while the rest were asymtomatic. All group 2 goats (0.75g/kg) were asymptomatic. Group 4 goats had hydroperitoneum and hydropericardium while group 3 had hydroperitoneum and fibrinous pericarditis. Group 2 goats had no significant pathology. On histopathology the brain of group 3 and 4 goats showed microthrombi, marked wallerian degeneration of neurons and necrosis of purkinje cells while group 2 goats only showed congestion. Other organs in the body also showed significant pathology. The results indicate that unripe fruits of S. incanum L are toxic to goats and allowing animals to graze on this plant could be deleterious to their health. Key words: Poisonous plants, Solanum incanum, Solanaceae, cerebellar disease, diseases of goats, neuropathology","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"58 1","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70487108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-27DOI: 10.4314/BAHPA.V58I1.57066
I. Adeyemi, O. Adeyemo, O. A. Alli
Stress results from the action of one or more stressors that may be of either external or internal origin. Transportation is considered a major stressor for farm animals and might have deleterious effects on health, well-being, performance, and ultimately, product quality. During a 3 month period (July and September), a total number of 16,140 cattle (5,880 bulls and 10,260 cows) were transported from different sources to Akinyele cattle market, Nigeria. However, 16 (0.1%) cattle died in transit. The number of moribund and bruised cattle among the number transported to Akinyele cattle market were 85 (0.53%) and 360 (2.22%) respectively. The estimated economic loss due to transportation stress was N1, 000,000 (US$7,692) and N531, 250 (US$4,086) respectively for cattle that died in transit (DIT) and moribund cattle respectively. Sources of stress include; use of inappropriate vehicle, cattle tied to one another in a recumbent position, overloading, lack of rest, and water deprivation to cattle in transit, beating and kicking of cattle during loading and unloading. Avoiding transportation stress will help in reducing the associated economic loss and poor carcass quality. We therefore recommend that the current cattle transportation system be improved for optimal animal welfare and minimization of excessive stress, injuries, mortality, and (or) carcass quality defects. Key words: Stress, Cattle, Economic loss, Transportation, Nigeria, public health
{"title":"Economic loss from transportation stress in slaughter cattle: the case of Akinyele cattle market, Nigeria.","authors":"I. Adeyemi, O. Adeyemo, O. A. Alli","doi":"10.4314/BAHPA.V58I1.57066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/BAHPA.V58I1.57066","url":null,"abstract":"Stress results from the action of one or more stressors that may be of either external or internal origin. Transportation is considered a major stressor for farm animals and might have deleterious effects on health, well-being, performance, and ultimately, product quality. During a 3 month period (July and September), a total number of 16,140 cattle (5,880 bulls and 10,260 cows) were transported from different sources to Akinyele cattle market, Nigeria. However, 16 (0.1%) cattle died in transit. The number of moribund and bruised cattle among the number transported to Akinyele cattle market were 85 (0.53%) and 360 (2.22%) respectively. The estimated economic loss due to transportation stress was N1, 000,000 (US$7,692) and N531, 250 (US$4,086) respectively for cattle that died in transit (DIT) and moribund cattle respectively. Sources of stress include; use of inappropriate vehicle, cattle tied to one another in a recumbent position, overloading, lack of rest, and water deprivation to cattle in transit, beating and kicking of cattle during loading and unloading. Avoiding transportation stress will help in reducing the associated economic loss and poor carcass quality. We therefore recommend that the current cattle transportation system be improved for optimal animal welfare and minimization of excessive stress, injuries, mortality, and (or) carcass quality defects. Key words: Stress, Cattle, Economic loss, Transportation, Nigeria, public health","PeriodicalId":75643,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa. Bulletin des sante et production animales en Afrique","volume":"58 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-27DOI: 10.4314/BAHPA.V58I1.57047
L. W. Njagi, P. N. Nyaga, P. Mbuthia, L. Bebora, J. N. Michieka, U. Minga
Although the epidemiology of Newcastle disease in commercial poultry systems is well documented, its ecology in indigenous birds, especially in tropics, is not adequately reported. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the risk factors associated with occurrence of Newcastle disease in village indigenous chickens. The study was carried out in five agro –ecological zones and seventy five households keeping indigenous chickens. Farmers were randomly selected and assessed on whether they understood Newcastle disease including knowing its local name and clinical signs manifested by the affected birds. Those who did not fit into the above category were excluded from further interviews. Data on management practices, incidence of diseases and risk factors associated with Newcastle disease outbreaks were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using statistical package. The prevalence rate of Newcastle disease was highest (93.8%) in the dry zone (Low midland 5) and lowest (50%) in cool wet zone (Lower Highland 1). Newcastle disease outbreaks were significantly associated with the following factors namely: confinement of birds in all ecological zones except in lower midland 5 where most cases were reported without confinement; mode of disposal of infected birds, carcasses and poultry faecal matter; dry seasons in the dry zones just before the rains; wind conditions; short intermittent temperature changes and the restocking of farms with chickens from the markets (P 0.05) associated with Newcastle disease outbreaks. The responses varied across the seasons and between the agro – ecological zones. In conclusion, the study has shown that several factors namely: confinement; cold or very hot temperatures; winds; introduction of market birds and disposal of manure and sick birds are major risk factors to occurrence of Newcastle disease in indigenous chickens. It is recommended that flock owners be educated on Newcastle disease transmission and prevention. Key – words : risk factors, agro–ecological zones, confinement, hot and cold seasons
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