Objective: Studies on prevalence of common bacterial pathogens causing UTIs in North India and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns against particular drugs. Materials and methods: A retrospective study conducted in UTI patients attending Dr Lal Path Labs, NRL, Delhi from March 2019 to December 2020. Clean catch midstream urine specimens collected for urine culture and sensitivity tests. Identification carried out by MALDI-TOF and antimicrobial susceptibility evaluated by VITEK® 2 with respective susceptibility cards (AST 280, 281, P628 Biomerieux, India) as per CLSI M100-S-30. Results and Discussion: In a period of 21 months observation, 65,619/2, 72,000 (24.1%) cases were positive to various clinical analyses of urine. Among them 40,568 (61.8%) were females and 25051(38.2%) were males. Female to male infection was 1.6:1. The age wise study of the culture positive cases indicates that the UTI infection occurs from infants (0 year) to elderly people (>=60 years). The 61.1% of the UTIs attributed by E.coli followed by K. pneumoniae (20.3%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.4%), Proteus mirabilis (2.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.6%) Acinetobacter baumannii (1.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (0.8%). Drug-sensitivity patterns suggest that the most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin and Penems. However, penicillin derivatives, commonly prescribed advanced-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones have found the most resistant drug among common uropathogens. Conclusion: Our study highlights the epidemiological trend of common bacterial pathogens causing UTIs and promotes information in order to establish the correct use of antibiotics. This study concluded that Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens showed alarming rates of resistance for penicillin derivatives, advanced-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and nitrofurantoin, while Amikacin, Penem group and Tigecycline seems the only suitable antimicrobials that could help clinicians in starting rational empirical antibiotic therapy.
目的:研究印度北部地区引起尿路感染的常见病原菌的流行情况及其对特定药物的药敏模式。材料和方法:对2019年3月至2020年12月在德里NRL Dr Lal Path实验室就诊的尿路感染患者进行了回顾性研究。清洁收集的中游尿液标本，进行尿液培养和敏感性试验。根据CLSI M100-S-30标准，采用MALDI-TOF进行鉴定，并采用VITEK®2进行药敏卡(AST 280、281、P628 Biomerieux, India)进行药敏评估。结果与讨论:在21个月的观察中，65,619/ 2,72,000例(24.1%)患者尿液各项临床分析呈阳性。其中女性40568例(61.8%)，男性25051例(38.2%)。男女感染率为1.6:1。对培养阳性病例的年龄分类研究表明，尿路感染发生在婴幼儿(0岁)至老年人(> 60岁)。大肠杆菌引起的尿路感染占61.1%，其次是肺炎克雷伯菌(20.3%)、粪肠球菌(7.1%)、铜绿假单胞菌(5.4%)、奇异变形杆菌(2.8%)、阴沟肠杆菌(1.6%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(1.1%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(0.8%)。药物敏感性模式表明，最敏感的抗生素是阿米卡星和培南。然而，青霉素衍生物、常用的先进一代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类药物已被发现是常见泌尿系统病原体中最耐药的药物。结论:我们的研究突出了引起尿路感染的常见细菌病原体的流行趋势，促进了信息的传播，以建立正确使用抗生素的方法。本研究得出结论，革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性尿路病原体对青霉素衍生物、先进一代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类药物和呋喃妥因的耐药率惊人，而阿米卡星、培南组和替加环素似乎是唯一合适的抗菌药物，可以帮助临床医生开始合理的经经验抗生素治疗。
{"title":"Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern","authors":"P. Singh, V. Lal, S. Malik","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-9-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-9-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Studies on prevalence of common bacterial pathogens causing UTIs in North India and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns against particular drugs. Materials and methods: A retrospective study conducted in UTI patients attending Dr Lal Path Labs, NRL, Delhi from March 2019 to December 2020. Clean catch midstream urine specimens collected for urine culture and sensitivity tests. Identification carried out by MALDI-TOF and antimicrobial susceptibility evaluated by VITEK® 2 with respective susceptibility cards (AST 280, 281, P628 Biomerieux, India) as per CLSI M100-S-30. Results and Discussion: In a period of 21 months observation, 65,619/2, 72,000 (24.1%) cases were positive to various clinical analyses of urine. Among them 40,568 (61.8%) were females and 25051(38.2%) were males. Female to male infection was 1.6:1. The age wise study of the culture positive cases indicates that the UTI infection occurs from infants (0 year) to elderly people (>=60 years). The 61.1% of the UTIs attributed by E.coli followed by K. pneumoniae (20.3%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.4%), Proteus mirabilis (2.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.6%) Acinetobacter baumannii (1.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (0.8%). Drug-sensitivity patterns suggest that the most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin and Penems. However, penicillin derivatives, commonly prescribed advanced-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones have found the most resistant drug among common uropathogens. Conclusion: Our study highlights the epidemiological trend of common bacterial pathogens causing UTIs and promotes information in order to establish the correct use of antibiotics. This study concluded that Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens showed alarming rates of resistance for penicillin derivatives, advanced-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and nitrofurantoin, while Amikacin, Penem group and Tigecycline seems the only suitable antimicrobials that could help clinicians in starting rational empirical antibiotic therapy.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83289493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Arju Hossain, Md. Akash Ahammed, Saiful Islam Sobuj, Siratul Kubra Shifat, P. D. Somadder
Cellulase enzyme earns consecutively increasing demand in industries of Bangladesh. This experiment has been planned to develop the enzyme industry in our country rather than import enzymes from other countries and conclude with isolating and screening cellulose-degrading bacteria from local land samples and ensuring maximum enzyme production through media optimization. After collecting soil samples from various Tangail areas, a typical dilution of series was performed on a Carboxymethylcellulose plate (CMC) to produce cellulase-producing microorganisms. Based on the hydrolysis zone of the ratio, four isolates were chosen and labeled CBM21, CSG8, CSR35, and CHT8 for further morphological and biochemical analysis. Then subjected to cellulase production in 250 ml of Erlenmeyer flask using CMC broth for 48 hours of fermentation at 37°C at an agitation rate of 140rpm, and cellulase enzyme assay methods evaluated crude enzymes. Eventually, those confirmed isolates were optimized using different parameters by submerged fermentation process for enhanced cellulase production. Among four isolates, CSG8 and CBM21 exhibited the maximum clearance zone with the hydrolytic values 6.96 and 8.46. These isolates were identified as Pseudomonas spp. (CSG8). According to the screening process, CBM21 (0.156U/ml), CSG08 (0.106U/ml), and E. coli (negative control) have been used for optimization with their initial enzyme productivity. After optimization, an amazing enhancement was noticed for CBM21 (1.35 U/ml) and CSG8 (1.23 U/ml) compared to E.coli (0.44 U/ml). The enzyme was characterized in isolates with an effective temperature of 40 and 35°C for CBM21 and CSG8, respectively, and pH 7, glucose 5% with the incubation time 24h was optimal. Aftermath, this type of optimization can be a significant initiative in the enzyme industries of Bangladesh.
{"title":"Cellulase Producing Bacteria Isolation, Screening and Media Optimization from Local Soil Sample","authors":"Md. Arju Hossain, Md. Akash Ahammed, Saiful Islam Sobuj, Siratul Kubra Shifat, P. D. Somadder","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-9-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-9-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulase enzyme earns consecutively increasing demand in industries of Bangladesh. This experiment has been planned to develop the enzyme industry in our country rather than import enzymes from other countries and conclude with isolating and screening cellulose-degrading bacteria from local land samples and ensuring maximum enzyme production through media optimization. After collecting soil samples from various Tangail areas, a typical dilution of series was performed on a Carboxymethylcellulose plate (CMC) to produce cellulase-producing microorganisms. Based on the hydrolysis zone of the ratio, four isolates were chosen and labeled CBM21, CSG8, CSR35, and CHT8 for further morphological and biochemical analysis. Then subjected to cellulase production in 250 ml of Erlenmeyer flask using CMC broth for 48 hours of fermentation at 37°C at an agitation rate of 140rpm, and cellulase enzyme assay methods evaluated crude enzymes. Eventually, those confirmed isolates were optimized using different parameters by submerged fermentation process for enhanced cellulase production. Among four isolates, CSG8 and CBM21 exhibited the maximum clearance zone with the hydrolytic values 6.96 and 8.46. These isolates were identified as Pseudomonas spp. (CSG8). According to the screening process, CBM21 (0.156U/ml), CSG08 (0.106U/ml), and E. coli (negative control) have been used for optimization with their initial enzyme productivity. After optimization, an amazing enhancement was noticed for CBM21 (1.35 U/ml) and CSG8 (1.23 U/ml) compared to E.coli (0.44 U/ml). The enzyme was characterized in isolates with an effective temperature of 40 and 35°C for CBM21 and CSG8, respectively, and pH 7, glucose 5% with the incubation time 24h was optimal. Aftermath, this type of optimization can be a significant initiative in the enzyme industries of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74956227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Bouatenin, F. Camara, W. Coulibaly, A. Kouamé, Richard N’Goran Kouadio, K. Djé
Koutoukou (KTK) is one of the most consumed alcoholic drinks in Cote d’Ivoire. This artisanal liquor is made in inadequate hygienic conditions with undefined alcohol levels. Thus the abuse of Koutoukou is associated with a range of social problems, physical and mental disorders, including depression and anxiety, obesity and the risk of accidents. this traditional alcoholic beverage represents a potential danger for the consumer. This study was to determine the characteristics of Koutoukou and the discomfort associated with its consumption. Thus a survey and analysis of the biochemical and microbiological characteristics of this traditional drink was carried out. Results showed that 92% of respondents were consumers of Koutoukou. However, 28.57% were hospitalized after consuming Koutoukou. The most common symptoms are headaches and vomiting. According to the biochemical analysis, Koutoukou produced with palm wine is the most acidic with a concentration of 0.16 ± 0.09 % for a pH of 3.90 ± 0.47. However, the soluble sugar (10.58 ± 0.60 ° Brix) and ethanol (51.36 ± 2.7 %) contents are higher in Koutoukou produced from sugar water and yeast. Hydroquinone was detected in Koutoukou produced with palm wine at a low concentration of 0.07 ± 0.01%. In addition, the presence of mesophilic aerobic, especially staphylococci and Bacillus was observed in all the beverages analyzed. In view of the problems associated with the consumption of this liquor, a national information campaign on the consumption of Koutoukou would be beneficial.
{"title":"Risks Related to the Consumption a Traditional Drink (Koutoukou) Obtained by Distillation of Palm Wine or Sucrose","authors":"K. Bouatenin, F. Camara, W. Coulibaly, A. Kouamé, Richard N’Goran Kouadio, K. Djé","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-9-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-9-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"Koutoukou (KTK) is one of the most consumed alcoholic drinks in Cote d’Ivoire. This artisanal liquor is made in inadequate hygienic conditions with undefined alcohol levels. Thus the abuse of Koutoukou is associated with a range of social problems, physical and mental disorders, including depression and anxiety, obesity and the risk of accidents. this traditional alcoholic beverage represents a potential danger for the consumer. This study was to determine the characteristics of Koutoukou and the discomfort associated with its consumption. Thus a survey and analysis of the biochemical and microbiological characteristics of this traditional drink was carried out. Results showed that 92% of respondents were consumers of Koutoukou. However, 28.57% were hospitalized after consuming Koutoukou. The most common symptoms are headaches and vomiting. According to the biochemical analysis, Koutoukou produced with palm wine is the most acidic with a concentration of 0.16 ± 0.09 % for a pH of 3.90 ± 0.47. However, the soluble sugar (10.58 ± 0.60 ° Brix) and ethanol (51.36 ± 2.7 %) contents are higher in Koutoukou produced from sugar water and yeast. Hydroquinone was detected in Koutoukou produced with palm wine at a low concentration of 0.07 ± 0.01%. In addition, the presence of mesophilic aerobic, especially staphylococci and Bacillus was observed in all the beverages analyzed. In view of the problems associated with the consumption of this liquor, a national information campaign on the consumption of Koutoukou would be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81286219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blé Yatanan Casimir, A. Koua, Bohoussou Kouakou Hilaire, A. Dadié
Aeromonas sp. is one of the pathogenic agents of red leg disease of frog and it poses a serious threat to aquaculture industry as well as to human health. In Cote d’Ivoire, the consumption of frogs appears as a solution to solve animal proteins problems in West regions. This research was investigated in order to evaluate the presence of enterotoxins genes in Aeromonas strains found on edible frog. Aeromonas research was carried out on 210 edible Hoplobatrachus occipitalis frogs purchased in different markets in central western Cote d'Ivoire. After isolation of Aeromonas strains by culture methods, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for the detection of alt and act enteroxins in isolated strains. The results showed contamination of the frogs by Aeromonas sobria (9.1%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.8%). The alt and act enteroxin genes were detected in 34.5% and 17.0% of the isolated Aeromonas strains, respectively. This presence of virulence gene requires the implementation of health surveillance measures to avoid cases of Aeromonas contamination among consumers.
{"title":"Detection of act and alt Enterotoxin Genes in Aeromonas Strains Isolated from Hoplobatrachus occipitalis Frogs Intended for Human Consumption in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Blé Yatanan Casimir, A. Koua, Bohoussou Kouakou Hilaire, A. Dadié","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-9-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-9-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Aeromonas sp. is one of the pathogenic agents of red leg disease of frog and it poses a serious threat to aquaculture industry as well as to human health. In Cote d’Ivoire, the consumption of frogs appears as a solution to solve animal proteins problems in West regions. This research was investigated in order to evaluate the presence of enterotoxins genes in Aeromonas strains found on edible frog. Aeromonas research was carried out on 210 edible Hoplobatrachus occipitalis frogs purchased in different markets in central western Cote d'Ivoire. After isolation of Aeromonas strains by culture methods, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for the detection of alt and act enteroxins in isolated strains. The results showed contamination of the frogs by Aeromonas sobria (9.1%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.8%). The alt and act enteroxin genes were detected in 34.5% and 17.0% of the isolated Aeromonas strains, respectively. This presence of virulence gene requires the implementation of health surveillance measures to avoid cases of Aeromonas contamination among consumers.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74467168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pal, Adugna Girma Lema, M. Bulcha, Getahun Duguma Jeto
Infectious diseases present a significant health burden affecting the immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent subjects throughout the world. Most of these diseases are due to the invasion of the host cells and organs by the microorganisms. Common widespread diseases of the respiratory system occur when the organisms invade the respiratory tract of the host. The infectious respiratory diseases are globally observed as a major health concern because they can rapidly become severe and lead to death. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a medically important bacterium that has been commonly linked to causing respiratory infections in individuals with a weakened immune system. Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus, can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The organism has the potential to produce pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, acute otitis media, and sinusitis. It colonizes the upper respiratory tract particularly the nasopharynx. Streptococcus pneumoniae, like many other bacterial species, produce toxins that are harmful to its host, has several surface proteins and physical structures, which play a very crucial role in its pathogenesis.
{"title":"Current Understanding on the Virulence and Immune Response of Streptococcus Pneumoniae: A Critical Appraisal","authors":"M. Pal, Adugna Girma Lema, M. Bulcha, Getahun Duguma Jeto","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-9-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-9-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases present a significant health burden affecting the immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent subjects throughout the world. Most of these diseases are due to the invasion of the host cells and organs by the microorganisms. Common widespread diseases of the respiratory system occur when the organisms invade the respiratory tract of the host. The infectious respiratory diseases are globally observed as a major health concern because they can rapidly become severe and lead to death. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a medically important bacterium that has been commonly linked to causing respiratory infections in individuals with a weakened immune system. Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus, can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The organism has the potential to produce pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, acute otitis media, and sinusitis. It colonizes the upper respiratory tract particularly the nasopharynx. Streptococcus pneumoniae, like many other bacterial species, produce toxins that are harmful to its host, has several surface proteins and physical structures, which play a very crucial role in its pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74901539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koffi Yao Fulgence, Traore Moumouny, Y. Eric, L. B. Koffi, C. Diguță, M. Alloue-Boraud, F. Matei
Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) is a monocotyledon, herbaceous, of the Bromeliad family. Cote d’Ivoire is the leading supplier of fresh pineapple to the European market. For reasons of sanitary quality and also due to the deterioration under the action of several factors of the marketable quality of the fruits, pineapple suffers a slump in the European market. To deal with the problem linked to the deterioration of fruits under the action of microorganisms, phytosanitary products are used. However, these foods present risks for consumers and may be responsible for public health problems. The objective of the present study is to reduce post-harvest losses of pineapple fruit due to fungal contaminants using bacterial biopesticides such as Bacillus subtilis GA1, Pseudomonas fluorescens F19 and Pseudomonas fluorescens CI. To this end, isolations followed by identification by PCR-ITS-RFLP of the fungal strains carried out on 200 samples composed of healthy and altered pineapple fruits in order to determine the main fungal strains responsible for their alteration have been made. The antifungal activity of biopesticides has been tested in vitro and in vivo to assess the potential for inhibition against isolated fungal strains. The results indicate that 5 fungal genera namely Rhizopus, Geotrichum, Neurospora, Candida and Aspergillus were isolated. Antagonist tests using all three biopesticides reduced spoilage. This study contributed to the development of biopesticides in the fight against fruit spoilage fungi in Cote d'Ivoire.
{"title":"Biocontrol of Post-harvest Fungal Diseases of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) Using Bacterial Biopesticides","authors":"Koffi Yao Fulgence, Traore Moumouny, Y. Eric, L. B. Koffi, C. Diguță, M. Alloue-Boraud, F. Matei","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-9-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-9-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) is a monocotyledon, herbaceous, of the Bromeliad family. Cote d’Ivoire is the leading supplier of fresh pineapple to the European market. For reasons of sanitary quality and also due to the deterioration under the action of several factors of the marketable quality of the fruits, pineapple suffers a slump in the European market. To deal with the problem linked to the deterioration of fruits under the action of microorganisms, phytosanitary products are used. However, these foods present risks for consumers and may be responsible for public health problems. The objective of the present study is to reduce post-harvest losses of pineapple fruit due to fungal contaminants using bacterial biopesticides such as Bacillus subtilis GA1, Pseudomonas fluorescens F19 and Pseudomonas fluorescens CI. To this end, isolations followed by identification by PCR-ITS-RFLP of the fungal strains carried out on 200 samples composed of healthy and altered pineapple fruits in order to determine the main fungal strains responsible for their alteration have been made. The antifungal activity of biopesticides has been tested in vitro and in vivo to assess the potential for inhibition against isolated fungal strains. The results indicate that 5 fungal genera namely Rhizopus, Geotrichum, Neurospora, Candida and Aspergillus were isolated. Antagonist tests using all three biopesticides reduced spoilage. This study contributed to the development of biopesticides in the fight against fruit spoilage fungi in Cote d'Ivoire.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84759365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Amin, N. Abdel-Aziz, W. El-Sayed, M. Mahmoud, E. Elsayed, Rehab El-Tahlawi
Background: Gram-positive uropathogens have become common, associated with serious underlying illnesses and increasingly resistant to available antibiotics. Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of gram-positive cocci UTIs in hospitalized patients in Medina, KSA and their susceptibility patterns to widely used antimicrobial agents. Methods: During a 12-month study, 165 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci were recovered from 1137 culture-positive urine specimens at a tertiary hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive cocci isolates was tested with the disk diffusion and E test methods. Molecular typing of some VRE isolates was done to detect the predominant Van genotypes. Results: Out of 8600 reviewed cases, 1137 (13.2%) were culture positive, 165 cases (14.5%) were gram positive cocci. E.faecalis formed 53.3% (88/165) of isolated gram-positive cocci, followed by E faecium (17.6%), S.agalactiae (23.6%) and S. aureus (5.5%). Multidrug resistant positive cocci formed 9.7% of gram-positive isolates including VRE (8.5%) and MRSA (1.2%). 75% of E. faecalis and 50% of E. faecium isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, all VRE strains were sensitive to linezolid. All S. aureus isolates were sensitive to cefazolin, nirtofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin. 75% of MRSA strains were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole and all were sensitive to vancomycin. All isolates of S. agalactiae were sensitive to cefazolin and nitrofurantoin, and all were resistant to Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Van B genotype was detected. Conclusion: Vancomycin and nitrofurantoin seem to be effective drugs for treatment of gram positive UTIs. vanB genotype was detected.
{"title":"Evaluation of Resistant Urinary Tract Infections by Gram-positive Bacteria in Medina, Saudi Arabia","authors":"S. Amin, N. Abdel-Aziz, W. El-Sayed, M. Mahmoud, E. Elsayed, Rehab El-Tahlawi","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-9-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-9-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gram-positive uropathogens have become common, associated with serious underlying illnesses and increasingly resistant to available antibiotics. Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of gram-positive cocci UTIs in hospitalized patients in Medina, KSA and their susceptibility patterns to widely used antimicrobial agents. Methods: During a 12-month study, 165 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci were recovered from 1137 culture-positive urine specimens at a tertiary hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive cocci isolates was tested with the disk diffusion and E test methods. Molecular typing of some VRE isolates was done to detect the predominant Van genotypes. Results: Out of 8600 reviewed cases, 1137 (13.2%) were culture positive, 165 cases (14.5%) were gram positive cocci. E.faecalis formed 53.3% (88/165) of isolated gram-positive cocci, followed by E faecium (17.6%), S.agalactiae (23.6%) and S. aureus (5.5%). Multidrug resistant positive cocci formed 9.7% of gram-positive isolates including VRE (8.5%) and MRSA (1.2%). 75% of E. faecalis and 50% of E. faecium isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, all VRE strains were sensitive to linezolid. All S. aureus isolates were sensitive to cefazolin, nirtofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin. 75% of MRSA strains were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole and all were sensitive to vancomycin. All isolates of S. agalactiae were sensitive to cefazolin and nitrofurantoin, and all were resistant to Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Van B genotype was detected. Conclusion: Vancomycin and nitrofurantoin seem to be effective drugs for treatment of gram positive UTIs. vanB genotype was detected.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"101 1","pages":"14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79327939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the significant pathogens with associated public-health concern in the world. The present study has been focused on the prevalence of MRSA and their antibiotic resistance of indoor and outdoor patients different age & gender in clinical history, Dr. Sirajul Islam medical college and hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. We were performed during the period of January 2019 to July 2019. A total 964 samples which is outdoor 354 (36.72%) indoor 610 (63.27%). We were observation 5 days (BACTEC-9050 Machine) then inoculated selective onto Blood agar media and the culture plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The S. aureus colonies showing golden yellow colour on Blood agar were primarily identified as S. aureus, which were then subjected for catalase and coagulase tests. The Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) could be detected outdoor and indoor patients only 42 (4.35%) into, males 18 and female 24 in total sample, on the other hand S. aureus. (MSSA) 50 (5.18%), Pseudomonas spp. 14 (1.45%), Klebsiella spp. 13 (1.34%), Salmonella spp. 27 (2.80%), E. coli 21 (2.17%), no MRSA, MSSA and other organisms are found 797 (82.67%). Total identified MRSA Staphylococci aureus. 42 (4%) in all blood samples, and other 922 (96%). Standard antimicrobial disks representing multiple sixteen drug were, Sensitive-381 (56.69%), Resistance-284 (42.26%), as well as Intermediate-7 (1.04%) against antibiotics, Oxacillin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Co-trimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Linezolid, Amoxicillin, Amoxyclave, Azithromycin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Netilmicin, Gatifloxacin, Cloxacillin, Sparfloxacin. In this study, we describe the current burden of MRSA infections in healthcare and community of Bangladesh. And settings across other country the main threats caused by recent changes in the epidemiology of MRSA. This data has important implication for quality of patients care antibiotic selection and infection control practices.
{"title":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern among Outdoor and Indoor Patients Dhaka City Hospital Bangladesh","authors":"M. Rahman, Kohinoor Akter Raton, Md. Asif Hossain","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-9-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-9-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the significant pathogens with associated public-health concern in the world. The present study has been focused on the prevalence of MRSA and their antibiotic resistance of indoor and outdoor patients different age & gender in clinical history, Dr. Sirajul Islam medical college and hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. We were performed during the period of January 2019 to July 2019. A total 964 samples which is outdoor 354 (36.72%) indoor 610 (63.27%). We were observation 5 days (BACTEC-9050 Machine) then inoculated selective onto Blood agar media and the culture plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The S. aureus colonies showing golden yellow colour on Blood agar were primarily identified as S. aureus, which were then subjected for catalase and coagulase tests. The Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) could be detected outdoor and indoor patients only 42 (4.35%) into, males 18 and female 24 in total sample, on the other hand S. aureus. (MSSA) 50 (5.18%), Pseudomonas spp. 14 (1.45%), Klebsiella spp. 13 (1.34%), Salmonella spp. 27 (2.80%), E. coli 21 (2.17%), no MRSA, MSSA and other organisms are found 797 (82.67%). Total identified MRSA Staphylococci aureus. 42 (4%) in all blood samples, and other 922 (96%). Standard antimicrobial disks representing multiple sixteen drug were, Sensitive-381 (56.69%), Resistance-284 (42.26%), as well as Intermediate-7 (1.04%) against antibiotics, Oxacillin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Co-trimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Linezolid, Amoxicillin, Amoxyclave, Azithromycin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Netilmicin, Gatifloxacin, Cloxacillin, Sparfloxacin. In this study, we describe the current burden of MRSA infections in healthcare and community of Bangladesh. And settings across other country the main threats caused by recent changes in the epidemiology of MRSA. This data has important implication for quality of patients care antibiotic selection and infection control practices.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79842209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coulibaly N’golo David, Dehe Bahou Roger, K. Solange, K. Henry, A. Christiane, Sylla Aboubacar, B. Philippe, B. Vagamon, Dosso Mireille
Leprosy is a chronic tropical infectious skin disease caused by an obligate intracellular pathogen called Mycobacterium leprae. Until now no vaccine was available so early diagnosis and treatment were the basic strategy for leprosy control. The treatment is based on combined drug therapy including Dapsone, Rifampicin, and Ofloxacin according protocols recommended by the WHO. However, anti-leprosy drugs resistance has been reported in several leprosy endemic region. The drug susceptibility testing was done by detecting mutation after sequencing of the drug resistance determining region. Cote d'Ivoire like many African countries has reaching the threshold of elimination of the disease and the PCT is available nationwide. On the basis of recurrences of therapeutic failures that could be due to misobservance of patients drug therapy or eventually due to circulating resistant strains, we evaluated the drug susceptibility in 155 patients from a leprosy care center in Cote d’Ivoire. Patients were previously diagnosed by clinicians and confirmed by PCR then the genetic drug susceptibility was done by PCR-direct sequencing of the drug resistance determining region of rifampicin, dapsone and ofloxacin used in the treatment. Our results showed multiple cases of multiresistance to anti-leprosy drugs in Cote d’Ivoire. This should be an alert for antibiotic resistance observatories, and policies so that more active surveillance was carried out for the control and surveillance of M. leprae resistance to drugs.
{"title":"Drugs Susceptibility Testing in Leprosy Patients from Côte d’Ivoire Reveals Multidrugs Resistance Combination Cases to Dapsone, Rifampicin and Ofloxacin","authors":"Coulibaly N’golo David, Dehe Bahou Roger, K. Solange, K. Henry, A. Christiane, Sylla Aboubacar, B. Philippe, B. Vagamon, Dosso Mireille","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-8-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-8-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"Leprosy is a chronic tropical infectious skin disease caused by an obligate intracellular pathogen called Mycobacterium leprae. Until now no vaccine was available so early diagnosis and treatment were the basic strategy for leprosy control. The treatment is based on combined drug therapy including Dapsone, Rifampicin, and Ofloxacin according protocols recommended by the WHO. However, anti-leprosy drugs resistance has been reported in several leprosy endemic region. The drug susceptibility testing was done by detecting mutation after sequencing of the drug resistance determining region. Cote d'Ivoire like many African countries has reaching the threshold of elimination of the disease and the PCT is available nationwide. On the basis of recurrences of therapeutic failures that could be due to misobservance of patients drug therapy or eventually due to circulating resistant strains, we evaluated the drug susceptibility in 155 patients from a leprosy care center in Cote d’Ivoire. Patients were previously diagnosed by clinicians and confirmed by PCR then the genetic drug susceptibility was done by PCR-direct sequencing of the drug resistance determining region of rifampicin, dapsone and ofloxacin used in the treatment. Our results showed multiple cases of multiresistance to anti-leprosy drugs in Cote d’Ivoire. This should be an alert for antibiotic resistance observatories, and policies so that more active surveillance was carried out for the control and surveillance of M. leprae resistance to drugs.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"160-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88136755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chioma M. Ogbukagu, Chikodili G.Anaukwu, Chito C. Ekwealor, Anthonia N. Mba, Ikechukwu A. Ekwealor
Fishes are good source of dietary protein, reared in artificial ponds in most countries. Poor sanitary condition predisposes the fishes to infestation by pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed at evaluating the bacteriological and physicochemical characteristics of fish pond waters in three senatorial zones in Anambra State, Nigeria and the antibiogram of the isolates determined. A total of 480 fish pond water samples collected from different fish farms during May to October 2016 (Rainy season) and November to April, 2017 (Dry season) were cultured and their physicochemical properties examined. Susceptibility of the isolates to conventional antibiotics was determined. Bacterial isolates recovered were identified based on their biochemical features. They include genera of Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Microbacterium, Serratia, Proteus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Citrobacter, Micrococcus, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Paenalcaligenes, Lysinibacillus, Acinetobacter and Escherichia. The most occurring organism in the pond water in both seasons was Staphylococcus sp. The physicochemical parameters of the pond water samples showed that there was significant difference (p value 0.05) was observed in turbidity, phosphate and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Based on estimated marginal means, BOD, DO and alkalinity were higher during rainy season, while temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, nitrite, phosphate and sulphate were higher during dry season. Bacterial load obtained in the fish pond water samples, during dry and rainy seasons and in the three senatorial zones vary significantly (p value < 0.05). Percentage susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics was highest with chloramphenicol, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim (93.3%), and least with erythromycin (66.7%). This study showed high bacterial contamination of fish pond waters, physicochemical parameters at variance with the WHO standard and presence of antibiotic resistant organisms. Therefore, proper sanitary measures are necessary to prevent disease outbreak among fish consumers.
{"title":"Physicochemical and Antibacterial Susceptibility Profile of Fish Pond Waters in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Chioma M. Ogbukagu, Chikodili G.Anaukwu, Chito C. Ekwealor, Anthonia N. Mba, Ikechukwu A. Ekwealor","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-8-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-8-4-5","url":null,"abstract":"Fishes are good source of dietary protein, reared in artificial ponds in most countries. Poor sanitary condition predisposes the fishes to infestation by pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed at evaluating the bacteriological and physicochemical characteristics of fish pond waters in three senatorial zones in Anambra State, Nigeria and the antibiogram of the isolates determined. A total of 480 fish pond water samples collected from different fish farms during May to October 2016 (Rainy season) and November to April, 2017 (Dry season) were cultured and their physicochemical properties examined. Susceptibility of the isolates to conventional antibiotics was determined. Bacterial isolates recovered were identified based on their biochemical features. They include genera of Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Microbacterium, Serratia, Proteus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Citrobacter, Micrococcus, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Paenalcaligenes, Lysinibacillus, Acinetobacter and Escherichia. The most occurring organism in the pond water in both seasons was Staphylococcus sp. The physicochemical parameters of the pond water samples showed that there was significant difference (p value 0.05) was observed in turbidity, phosphate and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Based on estimated marginal means, BOD, DO and alkalinity were higher during rainy season, while temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, nitrite, phosphate and sulphate were higher during dry season. Bacterial load obtained in the fish pond water samples, during dry and rainy seasons and in the three senatorial zones vary significantly (p value < 0.05). Percentage susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics was highest with chloramphenicol, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim (93.3%), and least with erythromycin (66.7%). This study showed high bacterial contamination of fish pond waters, physicochemical parameters at variance with the WHO standard and presence of antibiotic resistant organisms. Therefore, proper sanitary measures are necessary to prevent disease outbreak among fish consumers.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82758579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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