American Journal of Potato Research最新文献

Recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations are powerful mapping tools in many crops but have not yet been created using cultivated potato germplasm. We crossed the doubled monoploid cultivated clone DM 1–3 with the self-compatible diploid inbred wild clone M6 to create a diploid F1 hybrid. One F1 plant was self- pollinated to generate a phenotypically diverse F2 population, which was selfed to create 87 RILs. This is the first report of a RIL population developed from a cultivated x wild hybrid in potato. Poor fertility was a significant challenge in creating RILs. Nevertheless, we generated inbred lines that ranged from high to low fertility, vigor, and tuber production. F6 RILs ranged from 98 to 68% homozygosity, based on 2884 SNP markers. Considering the phenotypic variability between the two parents and among the RILs, we expect the RIL population to be valuable for mapping traits important to the potato industry.

Handling potatoes individually or collectively in packages can create opportunities for potatoes to develop quality defects including blackspot and shatter bruise. Three trials were conducted to examine how handling packaged potatoes can influence the risk for physical damage including shatter and blackspot bruise. An impact recording device was used to record peak acceleration (max g-force) in common fresh market packaging options (boxes or bales) at four drop heights (15 to 91 cm) on to three different surface types. When boxed potatoes were dropped onto concrete or a plastic slip, the potatoes on the bottom of the box had the highest risk of damage (greater than 100 g-force). When drop heights were lowered, or when cushioning material was added to hard surfaces (e.g., wooden pallet on top of concrete floor), the risk for impact damage was decreased throughout the box. When palletizing boxed potatoes, the risk of bruise decreased after the first layer was stacked on the pallet. Drop heights need to be below 15 cm, especially when making the first layer in a palletized stack of packaged potatoes to reduce potential bruising. The risk of high peak accelerations was not seen in the dropped or stationary bales for any of the drop heights examined. This study provided information for educating personnel on handling packaged potatoes and determining situations in which robotic stacking equipment needs to be adjusted to lower drop heights of packaged potatoes.

Potato virus Y is the most important potato virus worldwide, affecting tuber yield and quality. The resistance gene Ry_chc, derived from the potato wild relative Solanum chacoense, provides broad spectrum and durable resistance to the virus and has been used to develop resistant cultivars. Several DNA markers have been developed and have contributed to the efficient selection of resistant individuals. In this study, we developed Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR markers for Ry_chc using whole-genome resequencing data for a diverse set of 25 PVY susceptible cultivars and a Ry_chc-positive clone. Marker Ry_4099 targets two variants in the 3ʹ-UTR and was able to discriminate all five allele dosages in a tetraploid test population. Marker Ry_3331 targets two variants in Exon 4 and, although it only provides presence/absence information, it discriminates between the two known resistant alleles of Ry_chc. These markers will greatly contribute to efficient development of resistant cultivars.

Abstract

The capture of incoming solar radiation under unlimited light, water, and nutrient conditions by plant canopies and converting it into biomass has been described as radiation use efficiency (RUE). RUE has been computed as a function of biomass accumulation and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation without considering the loss of photoassimilates due to respiratory processes. This study evaluated the RUE in diploid potato crop (Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk.) across six experiments in Colombia. Total biomass was measured during the crop season from the early vegetative stage through maturity. However, this proposal involves not only the total biomass accumulated concerning the amount of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted but also took into account the losses by respiration, following Thornley respiration approach. This research demonstrates that the RUE is not a constant value as the respiration process leads to RUE values being variable in a non-linear way over time. The daily RUE simulation, conducted through an interpolation process, revealed significant variation from emergence to the end of the cycle. This indicates an error in assuming a constant RUE throughout the entire growth period, particularly in assessing its physiological impact across the entire growth and development crop cycle.

Late blight is a major threat to potato crops worldwide. Despite the host’s genetic improvements, continuous evolution of the pathogen and climate change makes it necessary to reconfirm genetic resistance sources. Solanum demissum has long been identified as a valuable source of late blight resistance genes. The aim of this study was to reevaluate S. demissum accessions for late blight resistance under natural infection in the Toluca Valley, México. Most of the accessions exhibited resistance, with minor variations between two consecutive growing seasons. Eighty three out of 94 accessions that were evaluated in both years were resistant, thirty-three accessions that were exposed to the pathogen for only one season were also resistant. However, a response variation was observed in some accessions. This research characterizes and reconfirms the resistance of S. demissum, providing information for breeding programs and optimizing the use of these genetic resources.

Three potato cultivars, Payette Russet, Dark Red Norland, and Chieftain were challenged with four strains of potato virus Y (PVY), PVY^O, PVY^Eu−N, PVY^N−Wi, and PVY^NTN. Cultivars Dark Red Norland and Chieftain exhibited strain-specific, hypersensitive resistance to PVY^O and PVY^NTN strains.. These same two cultivars, Dark Red Norland and Chieftain, appeared to have an additional resistance source in their genomes providing partial resistance against PVY^N−Wi but were found fully susceptible to the non-recombinant PVY^Eu−N strain. Payette Russet was found immune to the same four strains of PVY; PVY^O, PVY^Eu−N, PVY^N−Wi, and PVY^NTN, and was additionally challenged with the total of 18 isolates of PVY representing 12 genetic variants of the virus from potato and non-potato solanaceous hosts. None of the 18 isolates of the virus was found able to replicate in the inoculated or upper non-inoculated leaves of Payette Russet, confirming the broad specificity of the Ry_sto gene present in the Payette Russet genome.

A Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major staple food consumed worldwide. Potato peel is an important constituent that is generally discarded and considered agricultural waste before processing or cooking. The present investigation is an attempt to utilize different contents of potato peels (PP) with potato flesh (PF) of processing cultivar (Kufri Chipsona 3) and table cultivar (Kufri Jyoti), which affect starch nutritional profile, glycemic response, and pasting properties. The combination of PP at different concentrations of 5, 10, and 15%, respectively, to PF showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in starch hydrolysis index (SHI), glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL). Similarly, there was also a significant increase in the resistant starch content of the PP + PF combination. The maximum change in the predicted glycemic response was observed in the PP with 15%. A higher reduction in the in vitro glycemic response was observed in the Kufri Chipsona 3 as compared to Kufri Jyoti. The pasting properties of also showed significant changes with the addition of PP to the PF flour, which might be due to the change in intrinsic properties such as amylose and amylopectin content. The current investigation will help to provide an understanding of the use of PP in the processing industries to prepare low-GI food products.

The stubby root nematode, Paratrichodorus allius, is an important plant-parasitic nematode that feeds on plant roots and transmits Tobacco rattle virus to potato. Identification of P. allius based on morphometric measurements requires taxonomic knowledge, while previously developed molecular techniques require a well-equipped laboratory. A new recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay was developed in this study, which requires minimal sample preparation, low temperature (37–42 °C), and short time duration (20–40 min) for detection of P. allius. RPA primers were designed targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and conditions were optimized to amplify DNA at 40 °C in 20 min. RPA products were visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis and SYBR Green I dye. In-silico analysis was conducted to predict the primer specificity. The RPA assay was specific to P. allius only. Detection sensitivity of the agarose gel electrophoresis-based RPA assay was 1/4th portion of a single nematode, and a single nematode by the SYBR Green I-based assay. This assay was validated with P. allius infested potato fields. The developed RPA assay can serve as an efficient tool for rapidly detecting P. allius from infested potato fields to help growers with their management decisions.

Abstract

Brodie is a high-yielding white-fleshed potato cultivar with resistance to both pathotypes Ro1 and Ro2 of the golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) and partial resistance to pathotype Pa2/3 of the pale cyst nematode (G. pallida). It was selected from a cross made at Cornell University in 1998 between Cornell breeding clones NY121 and NY115 and released by the New York Agricultural Experiment Station in 2018. The tubers are oval and slightly flattened, with shallow eyes and smooth attractive skin. In addition to its suitability for tablestock, Brodie also has merit for chipping as its chip color is good, comparable in lightness to the chipping cultivar Snowden when chipped out of two to four months of 6.7 °C storage. Specific gravity of Brodie averaged 1.078 across 63 Northeastern US trials, 0.010 less than Atlantic in the same locations, while marketable yield averaged 115% of Atlantic across 70 trials in New York and Pennsylvania. For growers affected by pathotypes Ro1 and Ro2 of the golden nematode, Brodie provides a means of producing a marketable crop while simultaneously decreasing infestation levels of both Ro1 and Ro2.