Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1874626
C. E. Chukwu, O. Ebuehi, J. Ajuluchukwu, Adedeji H. S. Olashore
ABSTRACT Background Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and all-cause death globally and in Africa. The prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria is 28.9%. In Nigeria, analytical studies to determine risk factors and potential biomarkers of hypertension are lacking. This study was conducted to determine lifestyle, anthropometric, socio-demographic, and biochemical risk factors associated with hypertension in Lagos, Nigeria. Method This case–control study was conducted among 410 participants, aged 18–65 years. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from cases and controls. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken. Blood samples were also collected for biochemical analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with hypertension. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result In total, 205 hypertensive cases and 205 normotensive controls were recruited. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 39.25 ± 11.49 years. Overall, 180 (44%) of participants were female. Logistic regression analysis indicated that obesity (OR = 3.324, 95% CI = 1.693–6.527, P= 0.000), family history (OR = 2.861, 95% CI = 1.731–4.729, P= 0.000), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.940, 95% CI = 1.577–5.480, P= 0.001), insufficient fruits and vegetables intake (OR = 0.152, 95% CI = 0.085–0.273, P= 0.000), frequent intake of dietary salt (OR = 0.400, 95% CI = 0.198–0.810, P= 0.011), and smoking status (OR = 3.709, 95% CI = 1.061–12.964, P= 0.040) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion Population-based approaches to reduce exposure to hypertension risk factors are required for effective prevention and control of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in Lagos, Nigeria.
{"title":"Anthropometric, socio-demographic and biochemical risk factors of hypertension in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"C. E. Chukwu, O. Ebuehi, J. Ajuluchukwu, Adedeji H. S. Olashore","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2021.1874626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1874626","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and all-cause death globally and in Africa. The prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria is 28.9%. In Nigeria, analytical studies to determine risk factors and potential biomarkers of hypertension are lacking. This study was conducted to determine lifestyle, anthropometric, socio-demographic, and biochemical risk factors associated with hypertension in Lagos, Nigeria. Method This case–control study was conducted among 410 participants, aged 18–65 years. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from cases and controls. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken. Blood samples were also collected for biochemical analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with hypertension. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result In total, 205 hypertensive cases and 205 normotensive controls were recruited. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 39.25 ± 11.49 years. Overall, 180 (44%) of participants were female. Logistic regression analysis indicated that obesity (OR = 3.324, 95% CI = 1.693–6.527, P= 0.000), family history (OR = 2.861, 95% CI = 1.731–4.729, P= 0.000), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.940, 95% CI = 1.577–5.480, P= 0.001), insufficient fruits and vegetables intake (OR = 0.152, 95% CI = 0.085–0.273, P= 0.000), frequent intake of dietary salt (OR = 0.400, 95% CI = 0.198–0.810, P= 0.011), and smoking status (OR = 3.709, 95% CI = 1.061–12.964, P= 0.040) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion Population-based approaches to reduce exposure to hypertension risk factors are required for effective prevention and control of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in Lagos, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2021.1874626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46014812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1935123
Olaniyan O.O, O. Odewusi, H. Osadolor
ABSTRACT Background: The abundance of proteins in human system has made it a major target for glucose auto-oxidation. Likewise, chromosomal instability, describes an oxidative DNA damage that can be accelerated by chronic hyperglycemia. This work investigates the extent and contribution of diabetes oxidation/stress on protein carbonylation and chromosomal instability among 120 type 2 diabetics (60 with vascular complications and 60 without any vascular complications) and 50 apparently healthy control subjects. Anthropometric data and fasting venous blood specimen was collected from each participant for glyceamic control, antioxidants, protein oxidation, oxidative DNA damage parameters and chromosomal aberration assay using standard methods. Results: Diabetics without vascular complications shows a significant (p = 0.0000) difference in all measured parameters except 8-OHdG (p = 0.0764) as compared to control subjects. However, diabetics with vascular complications show significant (p = 0.0000) difference of all measured parameters than those without vascular complications. Conclusion: Our study findings indicate an increased formation of protein carbonyl contents, and chromosomal aberration in diabetics especially among those with vascular complications, likewise, diabetes with vascular complications is associated with increased DM disease activity. Thus, protein oxidative biomarker can serve as a therapeutic tool in the management of diabetes cases while increased chromosomal aberration may indicate an increased risk for cancer among diabetics.
{"title":"Oxidative protein modification and chromosomal instability among type 2 diabetics in Osogbo, Nigeria","authors":"Olaniyan O.O, O. Odewusi, H. Osadolor","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2021.1935123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1935123","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: The abundance of proteins in human system has made it a major target for glucose auto-oxidation. Likewise, chromosomal instability, describes an oxidative DNA damage that can be accelerated by chronic hyperglycemia. This work investigates the extent and contribution of diabetes oxidation/stress on protein carbonylation and chromosomal instability among 120 type 2 diabetics (60 with vascular complications and 60 without any vascular complications) and 50 apparently healthy control subjects. Anthropometric data and fasting venous blood specimen was collected from each participant for glyceamic control, antioxidants, protein oxidation, oxidative DNA damage parameters and chromosomal aberration assay using standard methods. Results: Diabetics without vascular complications shows a significant (p = 0.0000) difference in all measured parameters except 8-OHdG (p = 0.0764) as compared to control subjects. However, diabetics with vascular complications show significant (p = 0.0000) difference of all measured parameters than those without vascular complications. Conclusion: Our study findings indicate an increased formation of protein carbonyl contents, and chromosomal aberration in diabetics especially among those with vascular complications, likewise, diabetes with vascular complications is associated with increased DM disease activity. Thus, protein oxidative biomarker can serve as a therapeutic tool in the management of diabetes cases while increased chromosomal aberration may indicate an increased risk for cancer among diabetics.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2021.1935123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46070716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1880041
A. Dahroug, T. Zaytoun, Mahmoud Salah Anwar Hussien
ABSTRACT Background: Traumatic brain injury is a major public health concern, resulting in substantial mortality and long-term disability. So, it was important to search for novel therapeutic modalities that play an important role in reducing cerebral edema and had neuro- protective effect. A number of studies showed the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of early parenteral administration of progesterone in acute severe traumatic brain injury patients compared with standard care. Objective: The study aimed to assess the effect of the progesterone on the neurologic outcome in non-operable patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 patients presented with severe traumatic brain injury with GCS less than or equal to 8 after resuscitation and stabilization including both sexes. They were categorized into two groups according to applying the progesterone protocol. Patients were subjected to informed consent from next of kin, history taking, clinical neurological examination, routine laboratory and radiological investigations as needed and progesterone administration to patients in group 2which was given intramuscularly in dose of 1 mg/kg every12h for 7 consecutive days. Results: Early parenteral administration of progesterone was associated with significant decrease in the mortality rate at day 28, significant improvement in Glasgow outcome scale of the patients by the end of day 28, significant improvement in level of consciousness of the patients (GCS), SOFA score, and CT brain Marshall scoring. Conclusion: Progesterone administration in acute severe traumatic brain injury patients was associated with significant decrease in 28th day mortality, period of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation days. Also, it was feasible and safe without noted complications.
{"title":"EFFECT OF PROGESTRONE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY","authors":"A. Dahroug, T. Zaytoun, Mahmoud Salah Anwar Hussien","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2021.1880041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1880041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Traumatic brain injury is a major public health concern, resulting in substantial mortality and long-term disability. So, it was important to search for novel therapeutic modalities that play an important role in reducing cerebral edema and had neuro- protective effect. A number of studies showed the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of early parenteral administration of progesterone in acute severe traumatic brain injury patients compared with standard care. Objective: The study aimed to assess the effect of the progesterone on the neurologic outcome in non-operable patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 patients presented with severe traumatic brain injury with GCS less than or equal to 8 after resuscitation and stabilization including both sexes. They were categorized into two groups according to applying the progesterone protocol. Patients were subjected to informed consent from next of kin, history taking, clinical neurological examination, routine laboratory and radiological investigations as needed and progesterone administration to patients in group 2which was given intramuscularly in dose of 1 mg/kg every12h for 7 consecutive days. Results: Early parenteral administration of progesterone was associated with significant decrease in the mortality rate at day 28, significant improvement in Glasgow outcome scale of the patients by the end of day 28, significant improvement in level of consciousness of the patients (GCS), SOFA score, and CT brain Marshall scoring. Conclusion: Progesterone administration in acute severe traumatic brain injury patients was associated with significant decrease in 28th day mortality, period of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation days. Also, it was feasible and safe without noted complications.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2021.1880041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47598107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1926172
S. Tesfaye, N. Hamba, Asfaw Gerbi, Zenebe Negeri
ABSTRACT Background: Formaldehyde (FA) is a sensitizing agent that can produce an effective immune system response upon initial exposure. FA that can be used in many industries, medical and anatomical facilities, mainly cadaver-based gross anatomy laboratories, represent a risk to occupational health of professionals and students. The majority of FA exposures occur through inhalation, dermal, and eye contact. FA-induced effects are attributed to site-specific and dose-dependent health impairments in many organs and organ systems. Much progress has been reported on FA-induced health impairments in respiratory tract, but a comprehensive study in different organ systems and the reverse effects of some novel antioxidants is still lacking. This review explores the cytotoxic effects of FA and its role as key signaling molecule, site specific and or dose dependent effects of FA in nasal cavity, carcinogenic effects of FA exposure in nasopharynx, effects of FA in lung macrophage functions and development of pulmonary fibrosis, dose dependent reproductive and genetic effects of FA, neurotoxic effects of FA and potential risk of FA in some beauty salons and cosmetic products. In addition, this study shows the counteracting beneficial role of melatonin, Nigella sativa, rose oils, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), vitamin E, and proanthocyanidins (PAs) against FA induced tissue damage.Methods: A comprehensive literature search highlighting the health impairments of FA and counteracting beneficial effects of promising antioxidants was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline Cochrane, to assemble relevant publications from open access international journals published only in English.Results: The search generated 411 articles of which 70 full research articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and included in the review. The results of this study confirmed relentless toxic effects of FA exposure on various organs of human and other animals. Multiple findings also stated the efficacy of promising antioxidants against FA-induced tissue damage in animal models.Conclusion: Occupational exposure to FA is most likely due to inattention towards its side effects and lack of appropriate air filtering equipment or unmonitored concentration of FA in the working air. Therefore, re-evaluating the concentration of FA, proper ventilation, and assessment of working practices is highly recommended. Proper monitoring is also needed to improve compliance and protection of FA-based reproductive complications in females. Despite complete prevention is not viable, exposed personnel must be aware of FA-induced health effects and require assessing risks and acquiring practical measures in their working environment.
{"title":"Occupational formaldehyde exposure linked to increased systemic health impairments and counteracting beneficial effects of selected antioxidants","authors":"S. Tesfaye, N. Hamba, Asfaw Gerbi, Zenebe Negeri","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2021.1926172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1926172","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Formaldehyde (FA) is a sensitizing agent that can produce an effective immune system response upon initial exposure. FA that can be used in many industries, medical and anatomical facilities, mainly cadaver-based gross anatomy laboratories, represent a risk to occupational health of professionals and students. The majority of FA exposures occur through inhalation, dermal, and eye contact. FA-induced effects are attributed to site-specific and dose-dependent health impairments in many organs and organ systems. Much progress has been reported on FA-induced health impairments in respiratory tract, but a comprehensive study in different organ systems and the reverse effects of some novel antioxidants is still lacking. This review explores the cytotoxic effects of FA and its role as key signaling molecule, site specific and or dose dependent effects of FA in nasal cavity, carcinogenic effects of FA exposure in nasopharynx, effects of FA in lung macrophage functions and development of pulmonary fibrosis, dose dependent reproductive and genetic effects of FA, neurotoxic effects of FA and potential risk of FA in some beauty salons and cosmetic products. In addition, this study shows the counteracting beneficial role of melatonin, Nigella sativa, rose oils, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), vitamin E, and proanthocyanidins (PAs) against FA induced tissue damage.Methods: A comprehensive literature search highlighting the health impairments of FA and counteracting beneficial effects of promising antioxidants was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline Cochrane, to assemble relevant publications from open access international journals published only in English.Results: The search generated 411 articles of which 70 full research articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and included in the review. The results of this study confirmed relentless toxic effects of FA exposure on various organs of human and other animals. Multiple findings also stated the efficacy of promising antioxidants against FA-induced tissue damage in animal models.Conclusion: Occupational exposure to FA is most likely due to inattention towards its side effects and lack of appropriate air filtering equipment or unmonitored concentration of FA in the working air. Therefore, re-evaluating the concentration of FA, proper ventilation, and assessment of working practices is highly recommended. Proper monitoring is also needed to improve compliance and protection of FA-based reproductive complications in females. Despite complete prevention is not viable, exposed personnel must be aware of FA-induced health effects and require assessing risks and acquiring practical measures in their working environment.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2021.1926172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1884333
N. Mahmoud, R. Gomaa, A. Salem
ABSTRACT Introduction: Cell phones are essential for modern life and their usage becomes prevalent. Worries have increased concerning the harmful effects of their radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that have important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, plus several recently emerging roles. Whether it is useful to overcome the hazardous effects of cell phone radiation needs to be clarified. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of LXRs activation on testicular changes in rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were subdivided into control group, experimental group: exposed to cell phone electromagnetic radiation, and treated group: as experimental group and received LXRs agonist T0901317. Serum testosterone (T), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH), testicular tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and gene expressions of inflammatory and apoptotic markers were assessed. Seminal analysis and testicular histological examination were performed. Results: LXRs activation in rats exposed to cell phone radiation improved the decreased testicular and gonadotrophic hormones, semen quality parameters, tissue SOD, and anti-apoptotic gene expression as well as the elevated tissue MDA, apoptotic and inflammatory gene expressions, and the testicular histological changes induced by exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Conclusion: Exposure to cell phone radiation leads to harmful effects on spermatogenesis and LXRs activation could improve these effects via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its endocrinal action.
{"title":"Activation of liver X receptors ameliorates alterations in testicular function in rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation","authors":"N. Mahmoud, R. Gomaa, A. Salem","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2021.1884333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1884333","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Cell phones are essential for modern life and their usage becomes prevalent. Worries have increased concerning the harmful effects of their radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that have important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, plus several recently emerging roles. Whether it is useful to overcome the hazardous effects of cell phone radiation needs to be clarified. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of LXRs activation on testicular changes in rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were subdivided into control group, experimental group: exposed to cell phone electromagnetic radiation, and treated group: as experimental group and received LXRs agonist T0901317. Serum testosterone (T), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH), testicular tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and gene expressions of inflammatory and apoptotic markers were assessed. Seminal analysis and testicular histological examination were performed. Results: LXRs activation in rats exposed to cell phone radiation improved the decreased testicular and gonadotrophic hormones, semen quality parameters, tissue SOD, and anti-apoptotic gene expression as well as the elevated tissue MDA, apoptotic and inflammatory gene expressions, and the testicular histological changes induced by exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Conclusion: Exposure to cell phone radiation leads to harmful effects on spermatogenesis and LXRs activation could improve these effects via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its endocrinal action.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2021.1884333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49281075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1907960
N. Titiloye, K. Bedu-Addo, E. Manu, C. Ameh-Mensah, Foster Opoku, B. Duduyemi
ABSTRACT Background: Histological diagnosis is crucial to the management of breast diseases. It determines the kind of disease, the treatment modalities, and the outcome of management. Our department receives breast biopsies from the northern sector of Ghana constituting over 50% of the Ghanaian population. This study aimed at elucidating the pattern of disease and associated traditional prognostic indices of breast cases in our department over a period of 9 years. Methods: Information on the demographic characteristics and the histological diagnoses made on all breast cases received and processed in the department were accessed and entered into an Excel spreadsheet. Slides were reviewed and IHC was done on suitable cases. Descriptive statistics were generated using IMB-SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 4276 breast cases were received by the department within the study period, with 97.6% being female. Age ranged (female/male) from 10 to 98/13 to 102 years, with mean ages of 38.2 years (SD ± 16.7) and 41.15 years (SD ± 21.6), respectively. Cases were evenly distributed in both left and right breasts and 4.3% were bilateral. Inflammatory conditions were seen in 7.5% of cases. The most diagnosed benign tumor was fibroadenoma (54%), followed by fibrocystic change (8.1%). Gynecomastia was diagnosed in 66.3% of males. Malignant cases were 38.6%, with invasive carcinoma NST being the most frequent (87.5%). Histological grades were I = 9.4%, II = 41.6%, and III = 49%. Molecular subtypes were luminal A (19.8%), luminal B (9.9%), Her2 (16%), and TNBC (54.3%). Conclusion: Our findings show an increase in breast cancer cases compared to previous studies in our center, suggesting increased awareness and improved diagnosis. However, this increase is consistent with most studies in sub-Saharan Africa.
背景:组织学诊断对乳腺疾病的治疗至关重要。它决定了疾病的种类、治疗方式和治疗结果。我们部门接受来自加纳北部地区的乳房活组织检查，这些地区占加纳人口的50%以上。本研究旨在探讨我科9年来乳腺病例的疾病模式及相关的传统预后指标。方法:对该科收治和处理的所有乳腺病例的人口学特征和组织学诊断信息进行检索，并将其录入Excel电子表格。检查载玻片并对合适病例进行免疫组化。描述性统计使用IMB-SPSS version 23生成。结果:科室在研究期间共接收乳腺病例4276例，其中女性占97.6%。年龄(女/男)10 ~ 98/13 ~ 102岁，平均年龄分别为38.2岁(SD±16.7)和41.15岁(SD±21.6)。病例均匀分布于左右双乳，4.3%为双侧。7.5%的病例有炎症。诊断最多的良性肿瘤是纤维腺瘤(54%)，其次是纤维囊性变(8.1%)。66.3%的男性被诊断为男性乳房发育症。恶性占38.6%，以浸润性癌NST居多(87.5%)。组织学分级I = 9.4%， II = 41.6%， III = 49%。分子亚型为luminal A(19.8%)、luminal B(9.9%)、Her2(16%)和TNBC(54.3%)。结论:我们的研究结果表明，与我们中心以前的研究相比，乳腺癌病例有所增加，这表明人们对乳腺癌的认识有所提高，诊断水平有所提高。然而，这一增长与撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数研究结果一致。
{"title":"Breast lesions and cancer: histopathology and molecular classification in a referral hospital in Ghana","authors":"N. Titiloye, K. Bedu-Addo, E. Manu, C. Ameh-Mensah, Foster Opoku, B. Duduyemi","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2021.1907960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1907960","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Histological diagnosis is crucial to the management of breast diseases. It determines the kind of disease, the treatment modalities, and the outcome of management. Our department receives breast biopsies from the northern sector of Ghana constituting over 50% of the Ghanaian population. This study aimed at elucidating the pattern of disease and associated traditional prognostic indices of breast cases in our department over a period of 9 years. Methods: Information on the demographic characteristics and the histological diagnoses made on all breast cases received and processed in the department were accessed and entered into an Excel spreadsheet. Slides were reviewed and IHC was done on suitable cases. Descriptive statistics were generated using IMB-SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 4276 breast cases were received by the department within the study period, with 97.6% being female. Age ranged (female/male) from 10 to 98/13 to 102 years, with mean ages of 38.2 years (SD ± 16.7) and 41.15 years (SD ± 21.6), respectively. Cases were evenly distributed in both left and right breasts and 4.3% were bilateral. Inflammatory conditions were seen in 7.5% of cases. The most diagnosed benign tumor was fibroadenoma (54%), followed by fibrocystic change (8.1%). Gynecomastia was diagnosed in 66.3% of males. Malignant cases were 38.6%, with invasive carcinoma NST being the most frequent (87.5%). Histological grades were I = 9.4%, II = 41.6%, and III = 49%. Molecular subtypes were luminal A (19.8%), luminal B (9.9%), Her2 (16%), and TNBC (54.3%). Conclusion: Our findings show an increase in breast cancer cases compared to previous studies in our center, suggesting increased awareness and improved diagnosis. However, this increase is consistent with most studies in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2021.1907960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47100545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1885954
Mohamed F. ElMaghraby, Nasser A. Ghozlan, M. Ashry, Mohamed H Abouarab, A. Farouk
ABSTRACT Introduction: The ideal lip repair is characterized by; the symmetrical shape of nasolabial folds and both alae of the nose with a natural-looking philtrum and Cupid’s bow in both static and dynamic states, in addition to a hidden scar. Objective: to compare between Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique and Millard rotational advancement technique in unilateral cleft lip repair. Methods: Prospective study for 40 patients presented to Alexandria Main University hospital with unilateral cleft lip deformity between March 2019 and October 2020. Twenty patients with unilateral cleft lip deformity were repaired by Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique, while the other twenty were repaired by Millard rotational-advancement technique. The postoperative photographs of the patients were captured and processed in computer photogrammetry software through which anthropometric parameters including (lip height, lip width, vermilion height, and alar base width) were compared between the normal side and the repaired side. In this software, each anthropometric parameter length on the normal side is taken as a control with a fixed value of (1) then the same parameter on the repaired side was measured as a ratio of this value to avoid bias. Comparison between both groups for assessment of the quality of cleft lip repair was also done based on Steffensen grading criteria. Results: Comparison between both techniques in unilateral cleft lip repair showed that there was no significant difference between them in the anthropometric measurements. While the comparison between the two groups using Steffensen grading criteria showed that Fisher’s technique surpassed Millard’s technique. Conclusion: We recommend the use of the Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique in unilateral cleft lip repair for its superior results over the Millard rotational advancement technique.
{"title":"Comparative study between fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique and millard rotation- advancement technique in unilateral cleft lip repair","authors":"Mohamed F. ElMaghraby, Nasser A. Ghozlan, M. Ashry, Mohamed H Abouarab, A. Farouk","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2021.1885954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1885954","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: The ideal lip repair is characterized by; the symmetrical shape of nasolabial folds and both alae of the nose with a natural-looking philtrum and Cupid’s bow in both static and dynamic states, in addition to a hidden scar. Objective: to compare between Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique and Millard rotational advancement technique in unilateral cleft lip repair. Methods: Prospective study for 40 patients presented to Alexandria Main University hospital with unilateral cleft lip deformity between March 2019 and October 2020. Twenty patients with unilateral cleft lip deformity were repaired by Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique, while the other twenty were repaired by Millard rotational-advancement technique. The postoperative photographs of the patients were captured and processed in computer photogrammetry software through which anthropometric parameters including (lip height, lip width, vermilion height, and alar base width) were compared between the normal side and the repaired side. In this software, each anthropometric parameter length on the normal side is taken as a control with a fixed value of (1) then the same parameter on the repaired side was measured as a ratio of this value to avoid bias. Comparison between both groups for assessment of the quality of cleft lip repair was also done based on Steffensen grading criteria. Results: Comparison between both techniques in unilateral cleft lip repair showed that there was no significant difference between them in the anthropometric measurements. While the comparison between the two groups using Steffensen grading criteria showed that Fisher’s technique surpassed Millard’s technique. Conclusion: We recommend the use of the Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique in unilateral cleft lip repair for its superior results over the Millard rotational advancement technique.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2021.1885954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46773216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1990550
Ahmed A. Elhadidy, M. A. Basiouny
ABSTRACT Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a very common gastrointestinal infection that varies clinically from asymptomatic to overt peptic ulcer disease. Although H. pylori had been linked to ischemic heart disease, still scanty of data available about H. pylori link to ischemic cerebrovascular stroke. Object Evaluation of H. pylori Infection as a Potential Risk Factor of Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular stroke. Method In a case control study, we recruited 150 ischemic stroke patients (group A) further subdivided into two subgroups atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (group A1) and cardioembolic stroke (group A2), also asymptomatic 95 patients recruited as non-ischemic control group (group B). All subjects were investigated for chronic H. pylori infection using both serum H. pylori IgG antibody test and urea breath test. Statistical analysis was done for obtained data. Results Significant higher prevalence of H. pylori infection was found among atherosclerotic stroke group (group A1) 61.4% versus non atherosclerotic group (A2) 40% and control group (B) 35.8% (P value 0.003), furthermore, significant higher prevalence when comparing group A1 (atherosclerotic stroke) and control group B (P1 value 0.001), still non-significant higher prevalence when comparing group A2 (cardio embolic stroke group) and control group B (P2 value 0.618). Conclusion Chronic H. pylori infection is a curable potential risk factor for ischemic atherosclerotic stroke. However, further studies needed to investigate the beneficial effect of H. pylori treatment on ischemic stroke.
{"title":"Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infection as a potential risk factor of acute ischemic cerebrovascular stroke","authors":"Ahmed A. Elhadidy, M. A. Basiouny","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2021.1990550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1990550","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a very common gastrointestinal infection that varies clinically from asymptomatic to overt peptic ulcer disease. Although H. pylori had been linked to ischemic heart disease, still scanty of data available about H. pylori link to ischemic cerebrovascular stroke. Object Evaluation of H. pylori Infection as a Potential Risk Factor of Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular stroke. Method In a case control study, we recruited 150 ischemic stroke patients (group A) further subdivided into two subgroups atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (group A1) and cardioembolic stroke (group A2), also asymptomatic 95 patients recruited as non-ischemic control group (group B). All subjects were investigated for chronic H. pylori infection using both serum H. pylori IgG antibody test and urea breath test. Statistical analysis was done for obtained data. Results Significant higher prevalence of H. pylori infection was found among atherosclerotic stroke group (group A1) 61.4% versus non atherosclerotic group (A2) 40% and control group (B) 35.8% (P value 0.003), furthermore, significant higher prevalence when comparing group A1 (atherosclerotic stroke) and control group B (P1 value 0.001), still non-significant higher prevalence when comparing group A2 (cardio embolic stroke group) and control group B (P2 value 0.618). Conclusion Chronic H. pylori infection is a curable potential risk factor for ischemic atherosclerotic stroke. However, further studies needed to investigate the beneficial effect of H. pylori treatment on ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45350440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2020.1870788
A. Alkattan, K. Alabdulkareem, A. Kamel, Heba Abdelseed, Yousef S Almutairi, E. Alsalameen
ABSTRACT Objectives Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new strain of betacoronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, which leads to mild to severe symptoms. Micronutrients in blood serum, namely, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, play essential roles in the human body’s various organs. This study investigates the association between micronutrient levels and the severity of symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Methods A cross-section study was conducted during June–August 2020 in Riyadh city among 80 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Within 24 hours of hospital admission, patients have been divided into non-severe and severe cases, and blood samples were drawn from each patient to measure the serum levels of copper, iron “in the form of ferritin,” selenium, and zinc. Results In both study groups, the mean copper and selenium serum levels were within the normal range, while the mean zinc and iron serum levels were elevated. A statistically significant difference was recorded between non-severe and severe cases regarding serum levels of iron and selenium (331.24 vs. 1174.95 ng/ml and 134 vs. 162 mcg/L, respectively, P < 0.0001). On the other hand, no significant difference was detected between both studied groups regarding serum level of zinc and copper (124.57 vs. 116.37 mcq/L and 18.35 vs. 18.2 mcmol/L, respectively, P > 0.05). Conclusions There was a significant elevation of selenium and iron serum levels among severe cases compared to non-severe cases of COVID-19. High levels of iron and selenium could be correlated with the disease severity during infection with SARS-CoV-2.
{"title":"Correlation between Micronutrient plasma concentration and disease severity in COVID-19 patients","authors":"A. Alkattan, K. Alabdulkareem, A. Kamel, Heba Abdelseed, Yousef S Almutairi, E. Alsalameen","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2020.1870788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2020.1870788","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new strain of betacoronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, which leads to mild to severe symptoms. Micronutrients in blood serum, namely, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, play essential roles in the human body’s various organs. This study investigates the association between micronutrient levels and the severity of symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Methods A cross-section study was conducted during June–August 2020 in Riyadh city among 80 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Within 24 hours of hospital admission, patients have been divided into non-severe and severe cases, and blood samples were drawn from each patient to measure the serum levels of copper, iron “in the form of ferritin,” selenium, and zinc. Results In both study groups, the mean copper and selenium serum levels were within the normal range, while the mean zinc and iron serum levels were elevated. A statistically significant difference was recorded between non-severe and severe cases regarding serum levels of iron and selenium (331.24 vs. 1174.95 ng/ml and 134 vs. 162 mcg/L, respectively, P < 0.0001). On the other hand, no significant difference was detected between both studied groups regarding serum level of zinc and copper (124.57 vs. 116.37 mcq/L and 18.35 vs. 18.2 mcmol/L, respectively, P > 0.05). Conclusions There was a significant elevation of selenium and iron serum levels among severe cases compared to non-severe cases of COVID-19. High levels of iron and selenium could be correlated with the disease severity during infection with SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2020.1870788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42739604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1956831
Mahmoud S. Abdelhady, Sara T Ibrahim, Ahmed Adam, Abelaziz Elnekidy, Neveen Lewis, Rasha Ibrahim Gawesh
ABSTRACT Background Elevated oxidant levels and low antioxidant levels in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) play a significant role in the development of endothelial dysfunction, atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A deficiency in vitamin D (Vit.D) is also suggested to be responsible for the generation of oxidative stress (OS) and CVD. Among dialysis patients, conflicting data exist concerning the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and OS. We studied the relationship between 25Vit.D level, HCV infection, and plasma 8 iso-prostaglandin F2 α (8-ISO-PGF2α) as an OS marker in an Egyptian hemodialysis (HD) cohort. Methods One hundred and twenty ESRD patients on HD were initially recruited to the study but only 88 patients have met the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria. Midweek predialysis session blood samples were collected for the measurement of 25(OH) Vit.D, plasma 8-ISO-PGF2α, high sensitivity C – reactive protein (hs-CRP), and intact parathyroid hormone (intact PTH). Patients were stratified into two groups according to the presence or absence of serum antibodies against HCV and their plasma 8-ISO-PGF2α were compared. Results Vit.D deficiency was noted in 93% of the participants; the median 8-ISO-PGF2α level was 382 pg/mL. No significant correlation between Vit.D and 8-ISO-PGF2α levels was found. Thirty-two participants (36%) were HCV+ and their 8-ISO-PGF2α levels were significantly lower relative to in the seronegative group (median 171 vs. 647 pg/mL; P < 0.006). Conclusion In this Egyptian HD cohort, Vit D deficiency was highly prevalent, yet failed to show any correlation with F2-isoprostanes. HCV+ HD patients might be shielded from OS.
{"title":"DO VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION PLAY A ROLE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS?","authors":"Mahmoud S. Abdelhady, Sara T Ibrahim, Ahmed Adam, Abelaziz Elnekidy, Neveen Lewis, Rasha Ibrahim Gawesh","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2021.1956831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1956831","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Elevated oxidant levels and low antioxidant levels in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) play a significant role in the development of endothelial dysfunction, atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A deficiency in vitamin D (Vit.D) is also suggested to be responsible for the generation of oxidative stress (OS) and CVD. Among dialysis patients, conflicting data exist concerning the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and OS. We studied the relationship between 25Vit.D level, HCV infection, and plasma 8 iso-prostaglandin F2 α (8-ISO-PGF2α) as an OS marker in an Egyptian hemodialysis (HD) cohort. Methods One hundred and twenty ESRD patients on HD were initially recruited to the study but only 88 patients have met the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria. Midweek predialysis session blood samples were collected for the measurement of 25(OH) Vit.D, plasma 8-ISO-PGF2α, high sensitivity C – reactive protein (hs-CRP), and intact parathyroid hormone (intact PTH). Patients were stratified into two groups according to the presence or absence of serum antibodies against HCV and their plasma 8-ISO-PGF2α were compared. Results Vit.D deficiency was noted in 93% of the participants; the median 8-ISO-PGF2α level was 382 pg/mL. No significant correlation between Vit.D and 8-ISO-PGF2α levels was found. Thirty-two participants (36%) were HCV+ and their 8-ISO-PGF2α levels were significantly lower relative to in the seronegative group (median 171 vs. 647 pg/mL; P < 0.006). Conclusion In this Egyptian HD cohort, Vit D deficiency was highly prevalent, yet failed to show any correlation with F2-isoprostanes. HCV+ HD patients might be shielded from OS.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48526240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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