Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2019.1700334
I. Abdullahi, A. Ahmad, N. Faruku, B. Oderinde, A. Emeribe
ABSTRACT Background: Due to the rapid geographic expansion, dengue has attracted much global attention. Hence, many research outputs have emanated from clinical and epidemiological studies. However, most of these studies, especially those from low- and middle-income countries, heavily relied on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Objective: In view of this, we sought to comment and remind dengue researchers within virology, immunology, and epidemiology disciplines regarding the limitations of ELISA protocols in establishing diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infections. Subsequently, we provided an update on the current diagnostic algorithm for dengue. Method: Extensive literature search was done using special key words on “PubMed”, “Scopus”, “Web of Science” and “Hinari”. Suitable articles were selected and subjected to scrutiny for inclusion in this study. Result: It was discovered that over 90% of published articles from LMICs inferred about dengue mainly from available commercial serological kits, without further confirmation using more accurate, sensitive and specific protocols. In some instances (less than 5%), combination of either RNA positive and anti-DENV IgM or dengue NS1 and anti-DENV IGM were used to diagnose acute primary dengue; while presence anti-DENV IgG and DENV RNA were considered non-primary dengue. Conclusion: In view of the limitations of every protocol used for investigations of dengue virus infections, its necessary to utilize appropriate combination tests to differentiate primary from non-primary dengue in order to generate reliable clinical and epidemiological inferences.
摘要背景：登革热由于其快速的地理扩张，引起了全球的广泛关注。因此，许多研究成果来自临床和流行病学研究。然而，这些研究中的大多数，特别是来自中低收入国家的研究，在很大程度上依赖于酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）。目的：鉴于此，我们试图评论并提醒病毒学、免疫学和流行病学学科的登革热研究人员，ELISA协议在确定登革热病毒（DENV）感染诊断方面的局限性。随后，我们提供了登革热当前诊断算法的最新情况。方法：采用PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Hinari等专业关键词进行文献检索。选择合适的文章并进行仔细审查，以纳入本研究。结果：发现90%以上的LMIC发表文章主要从现有的商业血清学试剂盒推断登革热，而没有使用更准确、敏感和特异的方案进行进一步证实。在某些情况下（低于5%），使用RNA阳性和抗DENV IgM或登革热NS1和抗DENV-IgM的组合来诊断急性原发性登革热；而抗DENV IgG和DENV RNA的存在被认为是非原发性登革热。结论：鉴于用于登革热病毒感染调查的每种方案的局限性，有必要利用适当的组合测试来区分原发性和非原发性登革热，以产生可靠的临床和流行病学推断。
{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological significance of RT-PCR and non-structural glycoprotein-1 assays in the diagnosis of dengue virus infections","authors":"I. Abdullahi, A. Ahmad, N. Faruku, B. Oderinde, A. Emeribe","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2019.1700334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2019.1700334","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Due to the rapid geographic expansion, dengue has attracted much global attention. Hence, many research outputs have emanated from clinical and epidemiological studies. However, most of these studies, especially those from low- and middle-income countries, heavily relied on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Objective: In view of this, we sought to comment and remind dengue researchers within virology, immunology, and epidemiology disciplines regarding the limitations of ELISA protocols in establishing diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infections. Subsequently, we provided an update on the current diagnostic algorithm for dengue. Method: Extensive literature search was done using special key words on “PubMed”, “Scopus”, “Web of Science” and “Hinari”. Suitable articles were selected and subjected to scrutiny for inclusion in this study. Result: It was discovered that over 90% of published articles from LMICs inferred about dengue mainly from available commercial serological kits, without further confirmation using more accurate, sensitive and specific protocols. In some instances (less than 5%), combination of either RNA positive and anti-DENV IgM or dengue NS1 and anti-DENV IGM were used to diagnose acute primary dengue; while presence anti-DENV IgG and DENV RNA were considered non-primary dengue. Conclusion: In view of the limitations of every protocol used for investigations of dengue virus infections, its necessary to utilize appropriate combination tests to differentiate primary from non-primary dengue in order to generate reliable clinical and epidemiological inferences.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2019.1700334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43766134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2020.1780675
Marwa El-Sayed, N. Musa, M. Eltabbakh, D. Abdelhamid, S. M. Mostafa, M. Salah, H. Faheem, R. Hassan
ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microbe with wide genetic diversity that infects the stomach of most people in developing countries, leading to several clinical outcomes among different individuals such as gastritis, ulcers, or gastric cancer. Outer inflammatory protein A (oipA) and duodenal ulcer promoting (dupA) genes are among the possible virulence factors which determine the patient outcome. Aim To detect oipA and dupA genes of H. pylori among dyspeptic Egyptian patients, and to investigate their correlation with the varying degrees of the associated chronic gastritis. Methods The study enrolled 50 patients with dyspepsia, attending the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy unit of the Gastroenterology and Tropical Departments at Ain Shams University Hospital for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, in the period between, June and, December 2019. Four antral gastric biopsies were taken from each patient for polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the virulence genes oipA, dupA, and cagA and for histopathological assessment. Results Forty patients were H. pylori positive by histopathology and PCR. cagA, oipA, and dupA were identified in 6 (15%), 13 (32.5%), 9 (22.5%) of biopsies, respectively. Both cagA and oipA genes were highly significantly associated with increasing the severity of gastritis. Only oipA virulence gene showed a highly significant association with gastroduodenitis. There was a highly significant moderate association between cagA and oipA genes. Conclusion oipA could be a virulence biomarker that serves a great value in predicting the progress of gastric mucosal damage in patients with chronic gastritis, and targeting antimicrobial therapy in those patients to prevent severe gastroduodenal diseases.
{"title":"Detection of Helicobacter pylori oipA and dupA genes among dyspeptic patients with chronic gastritis","authors":"Marwa El-Sayed, N. Musa, M. Eltabbakh, D. Abdelhamid, S. M. Mostafa, M. Salah, H. Faheem, R. Hassan","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2020.1780675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2020.1780675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microbe with wide genetic diversity that infects the stomach of most people in developing countries, leading to several clinical outcomes among different individuals such as gastritis, ulcers, or gastric cancer. Outer inflammatory protein A (oipA) and duodenal ulcer promoting (dupA) genes are among the possible virulence factors which determine the patient outcome. Aim To detect oipA and dupA genes of H. pylori among dyspeptic Egyptian patients, and to investigate their correlation with the varying degrees of the associated chronic gastritis. Methods The study enrolled 50 patients with dyspepsia, attending the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy unit of the Gastroenterology and Tropical Departments at Ain Shams University Hospital for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, in the period between, June and, December 2019. Four antral gastric biopsies were taken from each patient for polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the virulence genes oipA, dupA, and cagA and for histopathological assessment. Results Forty patients were H. pylori positive by histopathology and PCR. cagA, oipA, and dupA were identified in 6 (15%), 13 (32.5%), 9 (22.5%) of biopsies, respectively. Both cagA and oipA genes were highly significantly associated with increasing the severity of gastritis. Only oipA virulence gene showed a highly significant association with gastroduodenitis. There was a highly significant moderate association between cagA and oipA genes. Conclusion oipA could be a virulence biomarker that serves a great value in predicting the progress of gastric mucosal damage in patients with chronic gastritis, and targeting antimicrobial therapy in those patients to prevent severe gastroduodenal diseases.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"105 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2020.1780675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49317173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2020.1848238
A. Odeyemi, A. Odeyemi, O. Kayode, S. Oseni, O. Oyedeji
ABSTRACT Introduction: Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is a transient narrowing of the airway that usually occurs shortly after exercise. It occurs commonly in people with asthma; however EIB has also been reported in individuals without clinical asthma. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with EIB among secondary school students. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional school- based study involving secondary school students aged between 10 and 17 years without previous history of asthma. Subjects undertook a six-minute running test, spirometry was done and the best of three FEV1 readings were obtained pre-exercise, at 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes post exercise. The diagnosis of EIB was made when there was a decrease in FEV1 of ≥10% from baseline after exercise. Results: Of the 265participants studied, 34 (12.8%) had EIB at 5 minutes post exercise. EIB was significantly more in the 10–13 years age group (χ2 = 18.416, p = <0.001), there was no significant gender difference. The presence of allergic (vernal) conjunctivitis and rhinitis were both significantly associated with the development of EIB (χ2 = 13.574, p < 0.001 and 0.011 respectively). There was no significant association with previous history of wheeze and exposure to indoor air pollution such as cooking with biomass fuel and parental cigarette smoking. Conclusion: EIB exist among non-asthmatic school children, and it is more frequent in the early adolescent age-group. Students with allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis are more likely to manifest exercise induced bronchospasm.
摘要:运动性支气管痉挛(EIB)是一种短暂性气道狭窄，通常发生在运动后不久。它常见于哮喘患者;然而，在没有临床哮喘的个体中也有EIB的报道。本研究旨在了解中学生EIB的患病率及相关因素。方法:这是一项以学校为基础的描述性横断面研究，涉及年龄在10至17岁之间无哮喘病史的中学生。受试者进行6分钟的跑步测试，进行肺活量测定，并在运动前、运动后5分钟、10分钟、15分钟和30分钟获得三次FEV1读数中的最佳值。当运动后FEV1较基线下降≥10%时，诊断为EIB。结果:在265名参与者中，34人(12.8%)在运动后5分钟有EIB。10 ~ 13岁年龄组EIB发生率显著高于对照组(χ2 = 18.416, p = <0.001)，性别差异无统计学意义。过敏性(春性)结膜炎和鼻炎与EIB的发生均有显著相关性(χ2 = 13.574, p < 0.001和0.011)。这与以前的喘息史和暴露于室内空气污染(如用生物质燃料烹饪和父母吸烟)没有显著关联。结论:EIB在非哮喘学龄儿童中存在，且以青少年早期年龄组多见。患有过敏性结膜炎和鼻炎的学生更容易表现为运动引起的支气管痉挛。
{"title":"Exercise-induced bronchospasm and its associated factors among secondary school students in an urban community","authors":"A. Odeyemi, A. Odeyemi, O. Kayode, S. Oseni, O. Oyedeji","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2020.1848238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2020.1848238","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is a transient narrowing of the airway that usually occurs shortly after exercise. It occurs commonly in people with asthma; however EIB has also been reported in individuals without clinical asthma. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with EIB among secondary school students. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional school- based study involving secondary school students aged between 10 and 17 years without previous history of asthma. Subjects undertook a six-minute running test, spirometry was done and the best of three FEV1 readings were obtained pre-exercise, at 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes post exercise. The diagnosis of EIB was made when there was a decrease in FEV1 of ≥10% from baseline after exercise. Results: Of the 265participants studied, 34 (12.8%) had EIB at 5 minutes post exercise. EIB was significantly more in the 10–13 years age group (χ2 = 18.416, p = <0.001), there was no significant gender difference. The presence of allergic (vernal) conjunctivitis and rhinitis were both significantly associated with the development of EIB (χ2 = 13.574, p < 0.001 and 0.011 respectively). There was no significant association with previous history of wheeze and exposure to indoor air pollution such as cooking with biomass fuel and parental cigarette smoking. Conclusion: EIB exist among non-asthmatic school children, and it is more frequent in the early adolescent age-group. Students with allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis are more likely to manifest exercise induced bronchospasm.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"203 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2020.1848238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41990162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2019.1707350
R. A. Abd El-Baky, S. M. Farhan, R. Ibrahim, K. Mahran, H. Hetta
ABSTRACT Introduction: Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumannii) strains have emerged as novel nosocomial pathogens threatening patients’ lives, especially in intensive-care units (ICUs). This study aims to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase genes and CTX-M-15 and the resistance pattern of carbapenemase producing isolates.Methods: A total of 530 clinical specimens were collected from patients suffering from different infections, antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using kirby-bauer disk diffusion method. ESβL production was detected phenotypically by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Carbapenemase production was tested by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Then, these isolates were tested for MBL detection by disc potentiation test. Carbapenemase encoding genes (VIM, IMP, GIM and SPM, OXA-51, OXA-23 and OXA-143) and CTX-M-15 were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: Out of 530 samples, 20 bacterial isolates were identified as A. baumannii from different infectious cases, 35% of isolates were ESBL-producers. Eleven isolates were resistant to imipenem (4 isolates) and meropenem (7 isolates). All carbapenem resistant isolates were MHT positive. Nine (45%) isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii by OXA-51 (all were carbapenem resistant). Distribution of IMP, VIM, GIM and SPM, OXA-23, OXA-143 and CTX-M-15 by PCR were 55, 50, 50, 25, 35, 45 and 33% respectively.Conclusion: The high prevalence of resistance genes and the resistance pattern of the isolates indicate that the detection of ESBLs and MBLs phenotypically and genotypically with the study of the resistance pattern of the isolates is critically important for the surveillance of drug resistance in the hospital environment.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance pattern and molecular epidemiology of ESBL and MBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospitals in Minia, Egypt","authors":"R. A. Abd El-Baky, S. M. Farhan, R. Ibrahim, K. Mahran, H. Hetta","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2019.1707350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2019.1707350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumannii) strains have emerged as novel nosocomial pathogens threatening patients’ lives, especially in intensive-care units (ICUs). This study aims to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase genes and CTX-M-15 and the resistance pattern of carbapenemase producing isolates.Methods: A total of 530 clinical specimens were collected from patients suffering from different infections, antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using kirby-bauer disk diffusion method. ESβL production was detected phenotypically by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Carbapenemase production was tested by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Then, these isolates were tested for MBL detection by disc potentiation test. Carbapenemase encoding genes (VIM, IMP, GIM and SPM, OXA-51, OXA-23 and OXA-143) and CTX-M-15 were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: Out of 530 samples, 20 bacterial isolates were identified as A. baumannii from different infectious cases, 35% of isolates were ESBL-producers. Eleven isolates were resistant to imipenem (4 isolates) and meropenem (7 isolates). All carbapenem resistant isolates were MHT positive. Nine (45%) isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii by OXA-51 (all were carbapenem resistant). Distribution of IMP, VIM, GIM and SPM, OXA-23, OXA-143 and CTX-M-15 by PCR were 55, 50, 50, 25, 35, 45 and 33% respectively.Conclusion: The high prevalence of resistance genes and the resistance pattern of the isolates indicate that the detection of ESBLs and MBLs phenotypically and genotypically with the study of the resistance pattern of the isolates is critically important for the surveillance of drug resistance in the hospital environment.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"4 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2019.1707350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46351769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2020.1789391
M. I. Kamel
ABSTRACT Introduction: Humankind is now facing a global crisis. Perhaps the biggest crisis of our generation. However, national and international health systems failed to avoid millions of morbidities and hundred thousands of mortalities. The decisions people and governments take in the next few weeks will probably shape the world for years to come. They will shape not just our healthcare systems but also our economy, politics, and culture. Aim: The overall aim of this report is just to present an outline skeleton of the main elements of a health plan that may be adopted to achieve a high quality medical care services in the near future. Approach: The approach that will be adopted to present the main elements of the health plan will be through a time frame that includes short term (about one year) and long-term measures (five to ten years).
{"title":"A view of the health services after COVID-19: an Egyptian perspective","authors":"M. I. Kamel","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2020.1789391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2020.1789391","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Humankind is now facing a global crisis. Perhaps the biggest crisis of our generation. However, national and international health systems failed to avoid millions of morbidities and hundred thousands of mortalities. The decisions people and governments take in the next few weeks will probably shape the world for years to come. They will shape not just our healthcare systems but also our economy, politics, and culture. Aim: The overall aim of this report is just to present an outline skeleton of the main elements of a health plan that may be adopted to achieve a high quality medical care services in the near future. Approach: The approach that will be adopted to present the main elements of the health plan will be through a time frame that includes short term (about one year) and long-term measures (five to ten years).","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"118 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2020.1789391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47445577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2019.1711304
O. Awopeju, M. Fawale, S. olowookere, O. Salami, O. Adewole, G. Erhabor
ABSTRACT Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the prevalence of high risk of OSA and investigated which anthropometric measure best predicts the OSA risk among patients attending a family practice clinic in a tertiary hospital. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of 362 consecutive patients (64% females; median age of 54 years). OSA risk was assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire and the patients were divided into two groups according to OSA risk: high and low risk. Anthropometric measurements were conducted as stated in the protocol established in the 3rd National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results: Out of 362 participants, 84 [23.2% (95% CI 19.0%, 28.0%)] had high risk of OSA. Subjects with a high risk of OSA had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (24.9 vs 23.8, p = 0.002; 89.0 vs 84.0, p < 0.001; 95.0 vs 91.0, p < 0.001; 0.56 vs 0.52, p < 0.001, respectively). Body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-height ratio performed similarly in predicting high risk of OSA with Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.661, 95% CI (0.592,0.730); 0.659, 95% CI (0.596,0.723); 0.668, 95% CI (0.604,0.733); 0.659 95% CI (0.592,0.725) respectively. The AUCs were similar when the analysis was restricted to those who were overweight. Conclusion: High risk of OSA is moderately prevalent in this population, with measures of central and abdominal adiposity equally predicting the risk.
{"title":"The risk of obstructive sleep apnea and its association with indices of general and abdominal obesity in a Nigerian family practice clinic: a cross-sectional study","authors":"O. Awopeju, M. Fawale, S. olowookere, O. Salami, O. Adewole, G. Erhabor","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2019.1711304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2019.1711304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the prevalence of high risk of OSA and investigated which anthropometric measure best predicts the OSA risk among patients attending a family practice clinic in a tertiary hospital. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of 362 consecutive patients (64% females; median age of 54 years). OSA risk was assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire and the patients were divided into two groups according to OSA risk: high and low risk. Anthropometric measurements were conducted as stated in the protocol established in the 3rd National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results: Out of 362 participants, 84 [23.2% (95% CI 19.0%, 28.0%)] had high risk of OSA. Subjects with a high risk of OSA had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (24.9 vs 23.8, p = 0.002; 89.0 vs 84.0, p < 0.001; 95.0 vs 91.0, p < 0.001; 0.56 vs 0.52, p < 0.001, respectively). Body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-height ratio performed similarly in predicting high risk of OSA with Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.661, 95% CI (0.592,0.730); 0.659, 95% CI (0.596,0.723); 0.668, 95% CI (0.604,0.733); 0.659 95% CI (0.592,0.725) respectively. The AUCs were similar when the analysis was restricted to those who were overweight. Conclusion: High risk of OSA is moderately prevalent in this population, with measures of central and abdominal adiposity equally predicting the risk.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"14 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2019.1711304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49237784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2020.1749782
Amr K. Hussien, P. Moez, H. el-Wakil, Hayam A. Elagaan
ABSTRACT Background and objectives Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a major complication that occurs post-transplantation. At present, the diagnosis of CAN is based on renal biopsy. Therefore, there is an ultimate need to identify more specific and sensitive noninvasive methods for the early diagnosis of CAN. Recently, proteomic-based modalities have been developed to discover biomarkers of CAN. Methods Urine samples from 75 participants were collected. Participants were divided into three groups: Group I: 25 patients with CAN, Group II: 25 transplanted patients with stable renal functions, and Group III: 25 healthy control subjects matched for age and sex. Each group was divided into training set and test set. Specimens were purified with magnetic beads-based weak cation exchange chromatography and analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS. Results A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to set up the classification models. Five peaks represented the proteomic profile that differentiates between the CAN patients and the control group with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%, recognition capability of 100%, and cross-validation of 91.7% and five peaks differentiate between the transplant patients with normal renal functions and the control groups with sensitivity of 96.8%, specificity of 95.5%, recognition capability of 98%, and cross-validation of 100%. Interpretation and conclusions We identified a pattern for CAN and transplant patients with normal renal functions by proteomic profiling using MALDI-TOF-MS and magnetic beads.
{"title":"Identification of urinary proteomic profile of patients with chronic allograft nephropathy","authors":"Amr K. Hussien, P. Moez, H. el-Wakil, Hayam A. Elagaan","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2020.1749782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2020.1749782","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background and objectives Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a major complication that occurs post-transplantation. At present, the diagnosis of CAN is based on renal biopsy. Therefore, there is an ultimate need to identify more specific and sensitive noninvasive methods for the early diagnosis of CAN. Recently, proteomic-based modalities have been developed to discover biomarkers of CAN. Methods Urine samples from 75 participants were collected. Participants were divided into three groups: Group I: 25 patients with CAN, Group II: 25 transplanted patients with stable renal functions, and Group III: 25 healthy control subjects matched for age and sex. Each group was divided into training set and test set. Specimens were purified with magnetic beads-based weak cation exchange chromatography and analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS. Results A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to set up the classification models. Five peaks represented the proteomic profile that differentiates between the CAN patients and the control group with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%, recognition capability of 100%, and cross-validation of 91.7% and five peaks differentiate between the transplant patients with normal renal functions and the control groups with sensitivity of 96.8%, specificity of 95.5%, recognition capability of 98%, and cross-validation of 100%. Interpretation and conclusions We identified a pattern for CAN and transplant patients with normal renal functions by proteomic profiling using MALDI-TOF-MS and magnetic beads.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"93 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2020.1749782","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49106004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2020.1804311
Safaa Mohamed El Kotb, D. El-ghazouly, Omnia Ameen
ABSTRACT Background Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been recognized as flavor enhancer that adversely affects male reproductive systems. Objective The study was conducted to explore the conceivable protective effects of vitamin C and/or vitamin E on testicular toxicity induced by MSG in rats. Materials and Methods Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided (six per group) into: control, MSG, MSG + Vitamin C, MSG + Vitamin E and MSG + Vitamin C + Vitamin E groups. The duration of the study was three weeks. Assessment of serum testosterone, leuteinizing hormone (LH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), interleukin-10 (IL-10) ,and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were done. Histopathological examination of the testes of the rats was performed using histological, histochemical (Periodic Acid Schiff reaction (PAS)), and immunohistochemical (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), androgen receptors (ARs), Caspase-3) techniques. Results MSG-group was associated with significant decrease in serum testosterone, LH, GPX, and IL-10 (P < 0.05) and significant increase in serum MDA and TNF-α (P < 0.05) when compared with control group. MSG-group revealed many histopathological changes in the testis including degeneration of the germinal epithelium, absence of sperms in the lumina of tubules, widened vacuolated interstitium, marked deposition of the collagen fibers, very strong PAS reaction and marked immunohistochemical changes. Administration of vitamin C or vitamin E significantly reduced these changes; however, the combination of vitamin C and vitamin E provided more potent protection against the toxic effect of MSG than using each vitamin alone. Also, there was insignificant difference (P > 0.05) between MSG +Vitamin C and MSG +Vitamin E groups. Conclusion Vitamin C and Vitamin E act synergistically in reducing MSG-induced testicular toxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of both vitamins.
{"title":"The potential cytoprotective effect of Vitamin C and Vitamin E on monosodium glutamate-induced testicular toxicity in rats","authors":"Safaa Mohamed El Kotb, D. El-ghazouly, Omnia Ameen","doi":"10.1080/20905068.2020.1804311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2020.1804311","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been recognized as flavor enhancer that adversely affects male reproductive systems. Objective The study was conducted to explore the conceivable protective effects of vitamin C and/or vitamin E on testicular toxicity induced by MSG in rats. Materials and Methods Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided (six per group) into: control, MSG, MSG + Vitamin C, MSG + Vitamin E and MSG + Vitamin C + Vitamin E groups. The duration of the study was three weeks. Assessment of serum testosterone, leuteinizing hormone (LH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), interleukin-10 (IL-10) ,and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were done. Histopathological examination of the testes of the rats was performed using histological, histochemical (Periodic Acid Schiff reaction (PAS)), and immunohistochemical (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), androgen receptors (ARs), Caspase-3) techniques. Results MSG-group was associated with significant decrease in serum testosterone, LH, GPX, and IL-10 (P < 0.05) and significant increase in serum MDA and TNF-α (P < 0.05) when compared with control group. MSG-group revealed many histopathological changes in the testis including degeneration of the germinal epithelium, absence of sperms in the lumina of tubules, widened vacuolated interstitium, marked deposition of the collagen fibers, very strong PAS reaction and marked immunohistochemical changes. Administration of vitamin C or vitamin E significantly reduced these changes; however, the combination of vitamin C and vitamin E provided more potent protection against the toxic effect of MSG than using each vitamin alone. Also, there was insignificant difference (P > 0.05) between MSG +Vitamin C and MSG +Vitamin E groups. Conclusion Vitamin C and Vitamin E act synergistically in reducing MSG-induced testicular toxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of both vitamins.","PeriodicalId":7611,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"134 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20905068.2020.1804311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47321665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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