Majoie G eroxie Tohoyessou, W. Moussé, Chimène Nanoukon, H. Sina, Akim Socohou, E. Aka, Rodrigue Tollo, F. Baba-Moussa, A. Adjanohoun, L. Baba-Moussa
This work aims at assessing toxin production capability and antibiotic resistance profiles of thermo-tolerant Gram-negative bacilli strains isolated from three types of fermented dairy products (yoghurt, degue millet and degue couscous). Samples collected in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou were analyzed for microbial, biochemical and molecular parameters. Samples were contaminated with thermo-tolerant Gram-negative bacilli strains at 13.88%. The high contamination rate was recorded with the samples of degue couscous and the lowest contaminated samples were degue millet. Morning samples were more contaminated. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae were the most identified bacteria. The most isolated species in the dry season was E. coli. In the rainy season, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae were the most isolated species. K. pneumoniae was the most formative of biofilm (38.9%). About 12% of the isolated strains were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producers. The higher resistance rate was observed with amoxicillin and doxycylin (92.3%). Imipenem was the most efficient molecule on the isolated strains with 00% of resistance. The blaTEM gene was detected in 51.43% of the isolated strains followed by blaSHV (37.14%), blaCTX-M (8.57%) and blaOXA-1 (2.86%). It is necessary to train sales people on good hygiene practices for food during their production and their distribution. Key words: Fermented milk products, thermo-tolerant gram-negative bacilli, toxins, antibiotics resistance, Benin.
{"title":"Virulence and multi-resistance of gram-negative bacilli strains isolated from some artisanal fermented dairy products sold in secondary schools in Benin","authors":"Majoie G eroxie Tohoyessou, W. Moussé, Chimène Nanoukon, H. Sina, Akim Socohou, E. Aka, Rodrigue Tollo, F. Baba-Moussa, A. Adjanohoun, L. Baba-Moussa","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2021.9484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2021.9484","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims at assessing toxin production capability and antibiotic resistance profiles of thermo-tolerant Gram-negative bacilli strains isolated from three types of fermented dairy products (yoghurt, degue millet and degue couscous). Samples collected in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou were analyzed for microbial, biochemical and molecular parameters. Samples were contaminated with thermo-tolerant Gram-negative bacilli strains at 13.88%. The high contamination rate was recorded with the samples of degue couscous and the lowest contaminated samples were degue millet. Morning samples were more contaminated. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae were the most identified bacteria. The most isolated species in the dry season was E. coli. In the rainy season, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae were the most isolated species. K. pneumoniae was the most formative of biofilm (38.9%). About 12% of the isolated strains were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producers. The higher resistance rate was observed with amoxicillin and doxycylin (92.3%). Imipenem was the most efficient molecule on the isolated strains with 00% of resistance. The blaTEM gene was detected in 51.43% of the isolated strains followed by blaSHV (37.14%), blaCTX-M (8.57%) and blaOXA-1 (2.86%). It is necessary to train sales people on good hygiene practices for food during their production and their distribution. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fermented milk products, thermo-tolerant gram-negative bacilli, toxins, antibiotics resistance, Benin.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"191-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46036845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yves Eric Denon, D. Metodakou, M. Odoun, Alidéhou Jerrold Agbankpé, Victorien Dougnon, Rolande Assogba, Pascaline Mevodjo, Germaine Whannou, Honor e Bankol e
This study aims to carry out a bacteriological characterization and determine the resistance profile of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated during the epidemiological season of 2020 in Benin. To achieve this goal, 43 diarrheal stool samples were analyzed. The samples were taken during the epidemic period of 2020. Bacteriological analyses consisted of enrichment of the samples in buffered peptone water followed by culture on SBCT agar. Then the characteristic colonies were subjected to microscopy, biochemical identification (oxidase, seeding and reading of TSI agar and API 20 E gallery), serotyping, and antibiotic sensitivity tests using the diffusion technique in agar medium according Kirby-Bauer method. The median age of the patients included in this study was 25 years (IQR: 15-40) with predominantly female patients. Individuals aged 11 to 25 were the most represented. Of the 43 stool samples analyzed, 22 were culture positive for V. cholerae and belonged to serogroup O1. The clinical manifestations observed in patients with cholera were watery diarrhea, vomiting and severe dehydration before admission to hospital. It should be noted that all of V. cholerae O1 strains isolated were multidrug resistant with a strong resistance to erythromycin (81.13%), ampicillin (79.96%), chloramphenicol (79.06%), and cotrimoxazole (78.12%). Key words: Bacteriological analyses, Vibrio cholerae O1, antimicrobial resistance, Benin.
{"title":"Bacteriological characteristics and resistance profiles of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in the Republic of Benin in 2020","authors":"Yves Eric Denon, D. Metodakou, M. Odoun, Alidéhou Jerrold Agbankpé, Victorien Dougnon, Rolande Assogba, Pascaline Mevodjo, Germaine Whannou, Honor e Bankol e","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2020.9474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2020.9474","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to carry out a bacteriological characterization and determine the resistance profile of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated during the epidemiological season of 2020 in Benin. To achieve this goal, 43 diarrheal stool samples were analyzed. The samples were taken during the epidemic period of 2020. Bacteriological analyses consisted of enrichment of the samples in buffered peptone water followed by culture on SBCT agar. Then the characteristic colonies were subjected to microscopy, biochemical identification (oxidase, seeding and reading of TSI agar and API 20 E gallery), serotyping, and antibiotic sensitivity tests using the diffusion technique in agar medium according Kirby-Bauer method. The median age of the patients included in this study was 25 years (IQR: 15-40) with predominantly female patients. Individuals aged 11 to 25 were the most represented. Of the 43 stool samples analyzed, 22 were culture positive for V. cholerae and belonged to serogroup O1. The clinical manifestations observed in patients with cholera were watery diarrhea, vomiting and severe dehydration before admission to hospital. It should be noted that all of V. cholerae O1 strains isolated were multidrug resistant with a strong resistance to erythromycin (81.13%), ampicillin (79.96%), chloramphenicol (79.06%), and cotrimoxazole (78.12%). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bacteriological analyses, Vibrio cholerae O1, antimicrobial resistance, Benin.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46080450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larry L Mweetwa, P. C. Adiukwu, K. Tshiamo, Thatoyaone Kenaope, Tiroyaone Nthusang, E. Oluwabusola
The aim of the research is to assess the factors fuelling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and its economic and clinical burden. For this purpose, a systematic review was conducted, which included an analysis of factors and economic and clinical burden of AMR. It was found that poorly treated sewage; discharges from antibiotic manufacturing plants, empirical prescribing, lack of antimicrobial stewardship, poor AMR monitoring; hospital-acquired infections and human-to-human contacts with environmental pathogens through food; and increase in global trade and travel are the factors behind the spread of AMR. Further, based on previous research, the study found a significant economic and clinical burden caused by AMR infections. It is recommended that well-organised antimicrobial stewardship be in place, AMR monitoring, limit access to antibiotics via over the counter dispensing without prescriptions, mandatory sensitivity tests for antimicrobial prescription be considered, proper hygiene in hospitals and medicine manufacturing sites must be ensured to reduce global AMR. Key words: Antimicrobial Resistance, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antibiotic resistance, economic burden, clinical burden.
{"title":"Evaluation of factors fuelling global antimicrobial resistance and its economic and clinical burden","authors":"Larry L Mweetwa, P. C. Adiukwu, K. Tshiamo, Thatoyaone Kenaope, Tiroyaone Nthusang, E. Oluwabusola","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2020.9319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2020.9319","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to assess the factors fuelling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and its economic and clinical burden. For this purpose, a systematic review was conducted, which included an analysis of factors and economic and clinical burden of AMR. It was found that poorly treated sewage; discharges from antibiotic manufacturing plants, empirical prescribing, lack of antimicrobial stewardship, poor AMR monitoring; hospital-acquired infections and human-to-human contacts with environmental pathogens through food; and increase in global trade and travel are the factors behind the spread of AMR. Further, based on previous research, the study found a significant economic and clinical burden caused by AMR infections. It is recommended that well-organised antimicrobial stewardship be in place, AMR monitoring, limit access to antibiotics via over the counter dispensing without prescriptions, mandatory sensitivity tests for antimicrobial prescription be considered, proper hygiene in hospitals and medicine manufacturing sites must be ensured to reduce global AMR. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antimicrobial Resistance, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antibiotic resistance, economic burden, clinical burden.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71092504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious challenge to the global health system. The QS inhibition is one of the approaches to fight against antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Securidaca longepedunculata is a medicinal plant that roots are the only organ used against microbial diseases. This species is threatened with extinction due to the massive use of its roots in phytotherapy. In this study, the anti-QS and anti-biofilm activities of S. longepedunculata leaves methanolic extract at 100 to 400 µg/mL was assessed against the bacterial strains Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The results showed anti-QS and anti-biofilm activity of S. longepedunculata leaves which reduced violacein production in C. violaceum CV026 by 12 to 59%. The virulence factor pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited from 13 to 46%. Biofilm formation was significantly inhibited (41%) at 400 µg/mL. Key words: Securidaca longepedunculata, anti-quorum, anti-biofilm.
N. Bessimbaye, D. Mbanga, A. Moussa, Djerandouba Yotobumbeti Ferdinand, N. Maxime, N. Barro, A. Tidjani, Choua Ouchemi
The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of yellow fever virus in patients with clinical signs of febrile jaundice giving suspicion of yellow fever and to evaluate diagnostic techniques for surveillance of yellow fever in the Republic from Chad. From January 2015 to July 2020, an observational study of virological markers was conducted in jaundice patients in Chad. Of the 1730 patients included in this study, a seroprevalence of 0.28% of yellow fever virus was determined. The distribution of pathogens responsible for diseases associated with yellow fever was: 49.47% (Plasmodium falciparum), 2% (hepatitis E virus), 4.62% (hepatitis C virus), and 29.00% (hepatitis virus B), respectively. Discrepancies in the results between the regional reference laboratories and the national laboratory of the Republic of Chad were observed. All genders and age groups were affected. Of the 1730 samples taken, 55.49% were female and 44.51% male (p = 0.01, a significant difference in favor of the female sex). The male/female sex ratio was 1.25. This study, the first, made it possible to determine the rate of the yellow fever virus in the absence of an outbreak in forest areas and with heavy rainfall and to evaluate the MAC-ELISA-CDC techniques used between the national laboratory of the Republic of Chad and those regional references. It was recommended that real-time polymerization chain reaction techniques be made available to national laboratories and reagents from the same manufacturing company in order to carry out effective monitoring of yellow fever. Key words: Evaluation, surveillance, seroprevalence, techniques, yellow fever.
{"title":"Evaluation of yellow fever surveillance in Chad, 2015-2020","authors":"N. Bessimbaye, D. Mbanga, A. Moussa, Djerandouba Yotobumbeti Ferdinand, N. Maxime, N. Barro, A. Tidjani, Choua Ouchemi","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2021.9488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2021.9488","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of yellow fever virus in patients with clinical signs of febrile jaundice giving suspicion of yellow fever and to evaluate diagnostic techniques for surveillance of yellow fever in the Republic from Chad. From January 2015 to July 2020, an observational study of virological markers was conducted in jaundice patients in Chad. Of the 1730 patients included in this study, a seroprevalence of 0.28% of yellow fever virus was determined. The distribution of pathogens responsible for diseases associated with yellow fever was: 49.47% (Plasmodium falciparum), 2% (hepatitis E virus), 4.62% (hepatitis C virus), and 29.00% (hepatitis virus B), respectively. Discrepancies in the results between the regional reference laboratories and the national laboratory of the Republic of Chad were observed. All genders and age groups were affected. Of the 1730 samples taken, 55.49% were female and 44.51% male (p = 0.01, a significant difference in favor of the female sex). The male/female sex ratio was 1.25. This study, the first, made it possible to determine the rate of the yellow fever virus in the absence of an outbreak in forest areas and with heavy rainfall and to evaluate the MAC-ELISA-CDC techniques used between the national laboratory of the Republic of Chad and those regional references. It was recommended that real-time polymerization chain reaction techniques be made available to national laboratories and reagents from the same manufacturing company in order to carry out effective monitoring of yellow fever. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Evaluation, surveillance, seroprevalence, techniques, yellow fever.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"152-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43445946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ekundayo, A. Adegbenro, F. Ekundayo, H. Onipede, O. Bello, I. A. Anuoluwa
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have stimulated interest of scientists due to their wide range of applications, including their potential antimicrobial activity. This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of AgNPs synthesized by rhizospheric soil and fish pond sediment microorganisms against selected clinical pathogens. The samples were cultured and organisms identified in accordance with standard procedures. The synthesis of AgNPs colloidal solution was monitored by UV-vis analysis. Presence of bands was determined by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs against selected clinical isolates was determined using agar well diffusion method. Ten species each of bacteria and fungi were isolated from the samples. Formation of AgNPs was indicated by colour transformation from yellow to brown. All synthesized AgNPs showed intense peak with wavelengths ranging of 410-440 nm in UV-vis. The FTIR revealed band at 3395 cm-1 and a strong peak at 3300-3500 cm-1. The AgNPs synthesized by some of the isolates exerted remarkable and varying degrees of antimicrobial activities against the susceptible test organisms. This study revealed that the microbially-synthesized AgNPs obtained from this study possess a high antimicrobial potency against most potential pathogens investigated, and, thus, can be exploited in the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Key words: Antimicrobial agents, microbial resistance, microorganisms, pathogens, silver nanoparticles, zones of inhibition.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activities of microbially-synthesized silver nanoparticles against selected clinical pathogens in Akure, Nigeria","authors":"E. Ekundayo, A. Adegbenro, F. Ekundayo, H. Onipede, O. Bello, I. A. Anuoluwa","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2020.9401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2020.9401","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have stimulated interest of scientists due to their wide range of applications, including their potential antimicrobial activity. This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of AgNPs synthesized by rhizospheric soil and fish pond sediment microorganisms against selected clinical pathogens. The samples were cultured and organisms identified in accordance with standard procedures. The synthesis of AgNPs colloidal solution was monitored by UV-vis analysis. Presence of bands was determined by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs against selected clinical isolates was determined using agar well diffusion method. Ten species each of bacteria and fungi were isolated from the samples. Formation of AgNPs was indicated by colour transformation from yellow to brown. All synthesized AgNPs showed intense peak with wavelengths ranging of 410-440 nm in UV-vis. The FTIR revealed band at 3395 cm-1 and a strong peak at 3300-3500 cm-1. The AgNPs synthesized by some of the isolates exerted remarkable and varying degrees of antimicrobial activities against the susceptible test organisms. This study revealed that the microbially-synthesized AgNPs obtained from this study possess a high antimicrobial potency against most potential pathogens investigated, and, thus, can be exploited in the development of novel antimicrobial agents. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antimicrobial agents, microbial resistance, microorganisms, pathogens, silver nanoparticles, zones of inhibition.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"132-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43602617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Islam, M. Rahman, S. Islam, Shabbir Ahmed, M. Jahan, Sulav Indra Paul, A. Selim
The present research work was conducted to enumerate and isolate aerobic cellulolytic bacteria from forest soil using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as substrate. The identified isolate was further tested as potent candidate to improve the nutritional value of rice straw. The forest soil was loaded with substantial amount (2.45×107) of cellulolytic bacteria. A total of 10 cellulose degrading bacteria (CDB) were isolated, identified and monitored for their cellulolytic activity. The isolate having the highest cellulolytic index (2.5) was identified as Bacillus subtilis targeting the 16S rRNA gene which was labeled as B. subtilis strain CDB7 and investigated for nutritional improvement of rice straw. Solid state fermentation of each group was carried out at 37°C for a period of 0, 3 and 6 days in 0 (no bacterial inoculum), 1, 5 and 10% inoculum group. There were a tendency of reduction in Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and lignin at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10% inoculums at every interval of fermentation. Highest reduction of ADF (4.8%), NDF (10.78%) and lignin (37.6%) were observed after 6 days of fermentation at 10, 10 and 5% inoculum group, respectively. The crude protein content was increased (5.3 ± 0.4 to 6.4± 0.3) in 10% inoculum group. Taken together, the identified isolate could be a potent candidate to degrade lignocellulosic content through breaking of lignin-cellulose bondage and to improve the nutritional value of rice straw. Key words: Rice straw, Bacillus subtilis strain CDB7, solid state fermentation, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin.
{"title":"Degradation of lignocellulosic content of rice straw using aerobic cellulolytic bacteria isolated from forest soil of Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, M. Rahman, S. Islam, Shabbir Ahmed, M. Jahan, Sulav Indra Paul, A. Selim","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2021.9498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2021.9498","url":null,"abstract":"The present research work was conducted to enumerate and isolate aerobic cellulolytic bacteria from forest soil using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as substrate. The identified isolate was further tested as potent candidate to improve the nutritional value of rice straw. The forest soil was loaded with substantial amount (2.45×107) of cellulolytic bacteria. A total of 10 cellulose degrading bacteria (CDB) were isolated, identified and monitored for their cellulolytic activity. The isolate having the highest cellulolytic index (2.5) was identified as Bacillus subtilis targeting the 16S rRNA gene which was labeled as B. subtilis strain CDB7 and investigated for nutritional improvement of rice straw. Solid state fermentation of each group was carried out at 37°C for a period of 0, 3 and 6 days in 0 (no bacterial inoculum), 1, 5 and 10% inoculum group. There were a tendency of reduction in Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and lignin at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10% inoculums at every interval of fermentation. Highest reduction of ADF (4.8%), NDF (10.78%) and lignin (37.6%) were observed after 6 days of fermentation at 10, 10 and 5% inoculum group, respectively. The crude protein content was increased (5.3 ± 0.4 to 6.4± 0.3) in 10% inoculum group. Taken together, the identified isolate could be a potent candidate to degrade lignocellulosic content through breaking of lignin-cellulose bondage and to improve the nutritional value of rice straw. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Rice straw, Bacillus subtilis strain CDB7, solid state fermentation, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49396196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surgical site infections (SSI) caused by rapidly growing mycobacterial (RGM) have become increasingly frequent. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical aspects and factors associated with RGM infections related to plastic surgery. Notifications of SSI from 86 health care facilities of the capital of a Brazilian state within nine years, approximately, were assessed. RGM, predominantly M. fortuitum (39.0%), was isolated from 66 cases of infection folowing plastic surgery, mainly mammoplasty. All the cases were woman, with an average of 32.9 years. Amikacin/clarithomycin was the prevalent therapeutic regimen, and most of the isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. There was an association of infection by M. abscessus and use of surgical instruments that were not exclusive to the institution (P=0.048). Thus, these findings emphasize the importance of SSI notifications and strict monitoring of surgical instruments reprocessing. Key words: Surgical site infection, plastic surgery, non-tuberculous mycobacteria.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections severely threaten the health of the human being. Frequent recombination of HBV within or between genotypes was reported to favor the viral evolution and adaption and the recombination may cause more severe clinical symptoms. In the study, we collected genotype C HBV from five Asian countries and detected their possible recombination events by bioinformatic analysis. There are two main subtypes, C1 and C2, within the C genotypes among the collected data in the study. Subtype C1 is most prevalent in Cambodia, Bangladesh, and China, while C2 is prevalent in Japan, Indonesia, and a small part of China. Three recombination events were detected and verified from C1 genotype HBV from Hong Kong China as demonstrated by recombinant (KJ410515), ranging from 2381 to 1861 nt. Recombinant events were detected and verified by recombination analysis in the study. It is important to filter possible recombinants when using the online-genbank data to do phylogenetic analysis. Key words: Hepatitis B virus, subgenotype C1, genotype C, subgenotype C2, recombinant analysis, HBV Hong Kong, China.
{"title":"Identification of recombinants of hepatitis B virus genotypes C from Hong Kong China","authors":"Qianqian Liu, Z. Tu","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2020.9466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2020.9466","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections severely threaten the health of the human being. Frequent recombination of HBV within or between genotypes was reported to favor the viral evolution and adaption and the recombination may cause more severe clinical symptoms. In the study, we collected genotype C HBV from five Asian countries and detected their possible recombination events by bioinformatic analysis. There are two main subtypes, C1 and C2, within the C genotypes among the collected data in the study. Subtype C1 is most prevalent in Cambodia, Bangladesh, and China, while C2 is prevalent in Japan, Indonesia, and a small part of China. Three recombination events were detected and verified from C1 genotype HBV from Hong Kong China as demonstrated by recombinant (KJ410515), ranging from 2381 to 1861 nt. Recombinant events were detected and verified by recombination analysis in the study. It is important to filter possible recombinants when using the online-genbank data to do phylogenetic analysis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hepatitis B virus, subgenotype C1, genotype C, subgenotype C2, recombinant analysis, HBV Hong Kong, China.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42995097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. O. Akinwumi, O. Igbeneghu, O. Oyelami, A. Lamikanra
Diarrhoea, a major contributor to high mortality in children may be caused by an array of bacterial, viral or parasitic pathogens acting individually or synergistically. This study identified the bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhoea in children aged 0-24 months, established the frequency of diarrhoea caused by each pathogen encountered in diarrhoea and determined the antibiotic resistance pattern of the children's faecal isolates obtained to some commonly used antibiotics in the study environment. A total of 107 children within the age range 0-24 months presenting with diarrhoea and 115 apparently healthy children were recruited into this study. Stool samples or rectal swabs were collected and cultured using standard microbiological procedures. Recovered isolates were tested against commonly used antibiotics using disc diffusion method. The isolation of enteric pathogens was found to be significantly (p 0.05) difference in the isolates recovered from both diarrhoeal and control subjects. The isolates were found to be multiply resistant to all the antibiotics tested. However, the incidence of resistance to commonly-used antibiotics was found to be less than 50%. Key words: Diarrhoea, children, bacterial pathogens, antibiotic resistance, Ile-Ife.
{"title":"A study of bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhoea in children under 2 years in Ile-Ife, Nigeria","authors":"F. O. Akinwumi, O. Igbeneghu, O. Oyelami, A. Lamikanra","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2020.9462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2020.9462","url":null,"abstract":"Diarrhoea, a major contributor to high mortality in children may be caused by an array of bacterial, viral or parasitic pathogens acting individually or synergistically. This study identified the bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhoea in children aged 0-24 months, established the frequency of diarrhoea caused by each pathogen encountered in diarrhoea and determined the antibiotic resistance pattern of the children's faecal isolates obtained to some commonly used antibiotics in the study environment. A total of 107 children within the age range 0-24 months presenting with diarrhoea and 115 apparently healthy children were recruited into this study. Stool samples or rectal swabs were collected and cultured using standard microbiological procedures. Recovered isolates were tested against commonly used antibiotics using disc diffusion method. The isolation of enteric pathogens was found to be significantly (p 0.05) difference in the isolates recovered from both diarrhoeal and control subjects. The isolates were found to be multiply resistant to all the antibiotics tested. However, the incidence of resistance to commonly-used antibiotics was found to be less than 50%. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diarrhoea, children, bacterial pathogens, antibiotic resistance, Ile-Ife.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46458478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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