A. S. Omer, E. Salwa, O. Y. Sanaa, I. E. M. Elzubeir
The zoonotic potential of Escherichia coli from chicken and beef food products is well documented. The uses of antibiotics on agriculture encourage the development of resistance bacteria capable of causing human disease and passing resistance to human pathogens. This study aimed to detect the antibiotic susceptibility and production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of E. coli strains isolated from meat. E. coli was isolated and identified according to standard techniques using traditional and chromogenic media and confirmed by biochemical reaction. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility towards twelve commonly used antibiotics. The resistance of the isolated E. coli towards the third generation of cephalosporins was detected using cefotaxime (30µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg) and ceftazidime (30 µg). ESBL producer E. coli was investigated using combination test. The results showed that 135 (75%) of the 180 meat samples revealed positive isolation of E. coli. 77.33% of the chicken meat samples showed positive isolation of E. coli, while 63.33% (19/30) of minced beef meat samples showed positive growth of E. coli. From these isolates, it was clear that most of them were highly resistant to tetracycline (10 µg), amoxiclav (30 µg) and cefalexin (30 µg). The lowest resistance was observed with ceftriaxone (30 µg) and ceftazidime (30 µg). The resistance of the isolated E. coli towards the third generation of cephalosporins was ranged between 5 to 33%. This study revealed that the isolated E. coli was ESBL producer as 85.71, 83.33, 70.83, 68.18 and 66.66% were detected in chickens leg, skin, wing, abdomen and chest respectively; while minced meat showed isolation of 15.78% of the ESBL producer E. coli. The study concluded that chicken and beef minced meat sold in Khartoum state have high hazardous risk for transmission of ESBLs producing E. coli; thus quality control application is highly needed. Policy actions should be implemented in order to prevent cross transmission of ESBLs producer E. coli to human. Key words: E. coli, ESBL producer E. coli, susceptibility pattern, meat quality.
{"title":"Antibiotic susceptibility and production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of E. coli strains isolated from meat","authors":"A. S. Omer, E. Salwa, O. Y. Sanaa, I. E. M. Elzubeir","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2020.9320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2020.9320","url":null,"abstract":"The zoonotic potential of Escherichia coli from chicken and beef food products is well documented. The uses of antibiotics on agriculture encourage the development of resistance bacteria capable of causing human disease and passing resistance to human pathogens. This study aimed to detect the antibiotic susceptibility and production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of E. coli strains isolated from meat. E. coli was isolated and identified according to standard techniques using traditional and chromogenic media and confirmed by biochemical reaction. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility towards twelve commonly used antibiotics. The resistance of the isolated E. coli towards the third generation of cephalosporins was detected using cefotaxime (30µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg) and ceftazidime (30 µg). ESBL producer E. coli was investigated using combination test. The results showed that 135 (75%) of the 180 meat samples revealed positive isolation of E. coli. 77.33% of the chicken meat samples showed positive isolation of E. coli, while 63.33% (19/30) of minced beef meat samples showed positive growth of E. coli. From these isolates, it was clear that most of them were highly resistant to tetracycline (10 µg), amoxiclav (30 µg) and cefalexin (30 µg). The lowest resistance was observed with ceftriaxone (30 µg) and ceftazidime (30 µg). The resistance of the isolated E. coli towards the third generation of cephalosporins was ranged between 5 to 33%. This study revealed that the isolated E. coli was ESBL producer as 85.71, 83.33, 70.83, 68.18 and 66.66% were detected in chickens leg, skin, wing, abdomen and chest respectively; while minced meat showed isolation of 15.78% of the ESBL producer E. coli. The study concluded that chicken and beef minced meat sold in Khartoum state have high hazardous risk for transmission of ESBLs producing E. coli; thus quality control application is highly needed. Policy actions should be implemented in order to prevent cross transmission of ESBLs producer E. coli to human. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: E. coli, ESBL producer E. coli, susceptibility pattern, meat quality.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Torres, M. Ribeiro, J. Oliveira, E. Meurer, K. SCHWAN-ESTRADA
The fungi are living organisms of great importance around agriculture, food industry, and the pharmaceutical industry. The usage of these microorganisms in agriculture is for the biocontrol of diseases in plants of commercial interest. Some yeasts can fight phytopathogens through secondary metabolites produced, inhibiting their development. Some species show positive results in the control of pathologies in different cultures. Yeasts have been used as biocontrol agents, and among them, a Lachancea (Kluyveromyces) thermotolerans, which is present in plants (such as grapes), soil and insects, can be adapted to different environments and, possibly perform biological control, although it is not known its mode of action. This work aimed to analyze and identify secondary metabolites used by the yeast L. thermotolerans CCMA 0763 isolated from commercial grapes in the Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory (Federal University of Lavras-MG/BR), using the analytical method of Ultra High-Efficiency Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) (HRMS) and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS). Four heterocyclic compounds of the Alkaloids class were identified, three (03) natural: 4-Hydroxyquinoline, Xanthine and Calistegine A3, and one (01) synthetic: Clausehainanine C. Therefore, these compounds can be tested against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Key words: Yeast, biological control, secondary metabolite, ultra high-efficiency liquid chromatography (UHPLC), mass spectrometry.
{"title":"Partial chemical characterization of the yeast extracts Lachancea thermotolerans CCMA 0763","authors":"M. Torres, M. Ribeiro, J. Oliveira, E. Meurer, K. SCHWAN-ESTRADA","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2020.9459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2020.9459","url":null,"abstract":"The fungi are living organisms of great importance around agriculture, food industry, and the pharmaceutical industry. The usage of these microorganisms in agriculture is for the biocontrol of diseases in plants of commercial interest. Some yeasts can fight phytopathogens through secondary metabolites produced, inhibiting their development. Some species show positive results in the control of pathologies in different cultures. Yeasts have been used as biocontrol agents, and among them, a Lachancea (Kluyveromyces) thermotolerans, which is present in plants (such as grapes), soil and insects, can be adapted to different environments and, possibly perform biological control, although it is not known its mode of action. This work aimed to analyze and identify secondary metabolites used by the yeast L. thermotolerans CCMA 0763 isolated from commercial grapes in the Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory (Federal University of Lavras-MG/BR), using the analytical method of Ultra High-Efficiency Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) (HRMS) and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS). Four heterocyclic compounds of the Alkaloids class were identified, three (03) natural: 4-Hydroxyquinoline, Xanthine and Calistegine A3, and one (01) synthetic: Clausehainanine C. Therefore, these compounds can be tested against phytopathogenic microorganisms. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Yeast, biological control, secondary metabolite, ultra high-efficiency liquid chromatography (UHPLC), mass spectrometry.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48755901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Antoine, Fils Onana Mamert, Marlyse Moungang Luciane, Brice Tchuimaleu Emadjeu Joel, P. Blandine, Vivien Noah Ewoti Olive, Tchakonté Siméon, Sylvie Chinche Belengfe, Sime-Ngando Télesphore, M. Nola
The present work used multiple linear regression (MLR) models and corrgram to assess the importance of environmental parameters on diversity and abundance dynamics of Vibrio sp. in waters of few landing stages in the city of Douala (Cameroon). It was recorded in all the five selected stations, the presence of four species of Vibrio namely, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio alginolyticus whose highest abundance reached 5.65, 6.26, 4.9 and 4.83 log CFU/100 ml respectively. Vibrio cholerae was the most isolated during the study with a frequency of 65%. The abundance dynamics of these germs is strongly influenced by nitrates, salinity, dissolved carbon dioxyde (CO2) and ammonium ions (NH4+). The visualization of corrgram shows high degree of association between studied parameters. We note a coefficient of determination r2 = 0.50 for the multiple linear regression model for Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria (HAB) and a coefficient of determination r2 = 0.58 for the MLR model for V. cholerae. The physicochemical parameters explain at 43% (r2 = 0.43) the distribution of the abundances of V. parahaemolyticus, at 45% (r2 = 0.45) the distribution of abundances of V. alginolyticus and at 26% (r2 = 0.26) for V. fluvialis. Keywords: Multiple linear regression, visualization of corrgram, environmental parameters, distribution patterns, Vibrionaceae.
{"title":"Distribution patterns of Vibrionaceae abundance on the landing stages in coastal area: Understanding the influence of physicochemical variables by using multiple linear regression models and corrgram for matrix correlation","authors":"T. Antoine, Fils Onana Mamert, Marlyse Moungang Luciane, Brice Tchuimaleu Emadjeu Joel, P. Blandine, Vivien Noah Ewoti Olive, Tchakonté Siméon, Sylvie Chinche Belengfe, Sime-Ngando Télesphore, M. Nola","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2021.9530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2021.9530","url":null,"abstract":"The present work used multiple linear regression (MLR) models and corrgram to assess the importance of environmental parameters on diversity and abundance dynamics of Vibrio sp. in waters of few landing stages in the city of Douala (Cameroon). It was recorded in all the five selected stations, the presence of four species of Vibrio namely, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio alginolyticus whose highest abundance reached 5.65, 6.26, 4.9 and 4.83 log CFU/100 ml respectively. Vibrio cholerae was the most isolated during the study with a frequency of 65%. The abundance dynamics of these germs is strongly influenced by nitrates, salinity, dissolved carbon dioxyde (CO2) and ammonium ions (NH4+). The visualization of corrgram shows high degree of association between studied parameters. We note a coefficient of determination r2 = 0.50 for the multiple linear regression model for Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria (HAB) and a coefficient of determination r2 = 0.58 for the MLR model for V. cholerae. The physicochemical parameters explain at 43% (r2 = 0.43) the distribution of the abundances of V. parahaemolyticus, at 45% (r2 = 0.45) the distribution of abundances of V. alginolyticus and at 26% (r2 = 0.26) for V. fluvialis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: Multiple linear regression, visualization of corrgram, environmental parameters, distribution patterns, Vibrionaceae.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"304-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44767443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Eldegla, I. Nour, N. Nasef, B. Shouman, H. Abdel-Hady, M. Zeid, N. Gouda, N. Mahmoud, M. Nomir, A. Shabaan
Carbapenems are group of extended-spectrum β-lactam antimicrobials frequently used for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) infections. This study aimed at detecting and characterizing carbapenem resistance (CR) genes among GNB isolated from patients treated in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Mansoura University Children's Hospital (MUCH), Egypt. It is a prospective study conducted from 2015 to 2016. A total of 158 GNB isolates were examined for CR both phenotypically and genotypically. Among 158 Gram negative isolates, there were 58 (36.7%) CR strains. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was confirmed in all 58 (100%) isolates. Carbapenemase production was detected in 52 (89.5%) strains while metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) production was found in 33 (56.9%) strains. Molecular characterization of CR strains revealed that 57 (98.3%) tested were positive for carbapenemase encoding genes. KPC gene was the most frequent detected gene (34/58). VIM, IPM, OXA and NDM genes were also detected in 15, 13, 9 and 1 isolate, respectively. Only one isolate was negative for all encoding resistance genes despite positive for ESBL phenotype. Infection with CR strains has been increasing in clinical settings which limit the use of carbapenems. Key words: Gram-negative bacilli, carbapenem resistance, carbapenemase, metallo beta-lactamase, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), carbapenemase encoding genes, neonatal intensive care unit.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of carbapenem resistant Gram-negative rods in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mansoura University Childrens Hospital","authors":"H. Eldegla, I. Nour, N. Nasef, B. Shouman, H. Abdel-Hady, M. Zeid, N. Gouda, N. Mahmoud, M. Nomir, A. Shabaan","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2021.9497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2021.9497","url":null,"abstract":"Carbapenems are group of extended-spectrum β-lactam antimicrobials frequently used for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) infections. This study aimed at detecting and characterizing carbapenem resistance (CR) genes among GNB isolated from patients treated in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Mansoura University Children's Hospital (MUCH), Egypt. It is a prospective study conducted from 2015 to 2016. A total of 158 GNB isolates were examined for CR both phenotypically and genotypically. Among 158 Gram negative isolates, there were 58 (36.7%) CR strains. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was confirmed in all 58 (100%) isolates. Carbapenemase production was detected in 52 (89.5%) strains while metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) production was found in 33 (56.9%) strains. Molecular characterization of CR strains revealed that 57 (98.3%) tested were positive for carbapenemase encoding genes. KPC gene was the most frequent detected gene (34/58). VIM, IPM, OXA and NDM genes were also detected in 15, 13, 9 and 1 isolate, respectively. Only one isolate was negative for all encoding resistance genes despite positive for ESBL phenotype. Infection with CR strains has been increasing in clinical settings which limit the use of carbapenems. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Gram-negative bacilli, carbapenem resistance, carbapenemase, metallo beta-lactamase, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), carbapenemase encoding genes, neonatal intensive care unit.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45081942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Staphylococcus aureus is an important organism in orthopaedic practice as it is the most common cause of orthopaedic infections including surgical site infections (SSIs), osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. Carriers of S. aureus are predisposed to developing invasive staphylococcal infections. Knowledge of a patient’s carrier status before surgery together with interventions to eliminate the carrier state have been shown to reduce post-operative infections by S. aureus. A cross-sectional study carried out at Kenyatta National Hospital orthopaedic wards from 1 June 2019 to 30 September 2019. To determine the prevalence and factors associated with nasal colonisation by S. aureus among patients who have been admitted to undergo surgery. Consecutive sampling was done until the required sample size was achieved. Nasal swabs were taken from patients at admission for culture. Data concerning comorbid conditions as well as healthcare associated risk factors was collected. The overall prevalence of colonisation by S. aureus at admission was found to be 24.7% whereas the overall prevalence of colonisation by Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was found to be 3.03%. The prevalence of colonisation by S. aureus is high amongst patients being admitted to orthopaedic wards at Kenyatta National Hospital when compared with previous studies and amongst these are those who are colonised by MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA calls for the need of screening programmes to curtail spread within hospital and community settings. Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, prevalence, nasal colonization, associated factors.
{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonisation in orthopaedic patients at a tertiary care hospital in Kenya","authors":"David Mwaura, Sitati Fred Chuma, E. Gakuya","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9508","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is an important organism in orthopaedic practice as it is the most common cause of orthopaedic infections including surgical site infections (SSIs), osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. Carriers of S. aureus are predisposed to developing invasive staphylococcal infections. Knowledge of a patient’s carrier status before surgery together with interventions to eliminate the carrier state have been shown to reduce post-operative infections by S. aureus. A cross-sectional study carried out at Kenyatta National Hospital orthopaedic wards from 1 June 2019 to 30 September 2019. To determine the prevalence and factors associated with nasal colonisation by S. aureus among patients who have been admitted to undergo surgery. Consecutive sampling was done until the required sample size was achieved. Nasal swabs were taken from patients at admission for culture. Data concerning comorbid conditions as well as healthcare associated risk factors was collected. The overall prevalence of colonisation by S. aureus at admission was found to be 24.7% whereas the overall prevalence of colonisation by Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was found to be 3.03%. The prevalence of colonisation by S. aureus is high amongst patients being admitted to orthopaedic wards at Kenyatta National Hospital when compared with previous studies and amongst these are those who are colonised by MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA calls for the need of screening programmes to curtail spread within hospital and community settings. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, prevalence, nasal colonization, associated factors.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46380662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dallal, Niloofar Moghadam Maragheh, Z. Rajabi, M. B. Hosseini, Moslem Papizadeh, G. Hassanpour, S. S. Yazdi, M. Memariani, Shabnam Haghighat Khajavi, Seyedeh Masoomeh Abrichamchian langaroodi, Hedroosha Molla Agha Mirzaei, Mehrnaz Mirzababaei
Breast feeding has critical effects on the newborns and either mother’s health. Some of such health-improving effects of the mother’s milk is associated with the beneficial microbes, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are normally present in the mother’s milk. Thus, human milk-associated lactobacilli were isolated in this study and some of their probiotic properties was investigated. Afterwards, Lactobacillus strains were screened for low pH and bile acids tolerance. Molecular identification was carried out using 16SrDNA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance was evaluated with disk diffusion assay and the inhibitory effect of isolates on pathogenic bacteria was examined with well assay and zone inhibition. Isolation experiments resulted in 122 human milk- associated lactobacilli belonging to 12 species. The most dominant species was Lactobacillus casei followed by Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus gasser, respectively. Screening for probiotic properties showed that 19 isolates, belonging to, Lactobacillus, have interesting probiotic characteristics. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance was observed in case of vancomycin (63.15%) and no drug resistance was detected for chloramphenicol, penicillin, rifampin (0%). Three Lactobacillus strains, designated as L4, L14 and L16, were found as potential probiotic strains since they have indicated promising inhibitory effects against the studied pathogenic bacterial strains. Our results shed light on the considerable diversity of lactobacilli in human breast milk. Furthermore, the candidate probiotic strains detected in this research might be used as potential probiotic strains. Key words: Breast milk, Lactobacillus, probiotics, inhibitory effect, polymerase chain reaction.
{"title":"Probiotic properties of Lactobacilli isolated from human milk and their inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria","authors":"M. Dallal, Niloofar Moghadam Maragheh, Z. Rajabi, M. B. Hosseini, Moslem Papizadeh, G. Hassanpour, S. S. Yazdi, M. Memariani, Shabnam Haghighat Khajavi, Seyedeh Masoomeh Abrichamchian langaroodi, Hedroosha Molla Agha Mirzaei, Mehrnaz Mirzababaei","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2021.9528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2021.9528","url":null,"abstract":"Breast feeding has critical effects on the newborns and either mother’s health. Some of such health-improving effects of the mother’s milk is associated with the beneficial microbes, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are normally present in the mother’s milk. Thus, human milk-associated lactobacilli were isolated in this study and some of their probiotic properties was investigated. Afterwards, Lactobacillus strains were screened for low pH and bile acids tolerance. Molecular identification was carried out using 16SrDNA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance was evaluated with disk diffusion assay and the inhibitory effect of isolates on pathogenic bacteria was examined with well assay and zone inhibition. Isolation experiments resulted in 122 human milk- associated lactobacilli belonging to 12 species. The most dominant species was Lactobacillus casei followed by Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus gasser, respectively. Screening for probiotic properties showed that 19 isolates, belonging to, Lactobacillus, have interesting probiotic characteristics. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance was observed in case of vancomycin (63.15%) and no drug resistance was detected for chloramphenicol, penicillin, rifampin (0%). Three Lactobacillus strains, designated as L4, L14 and L16, were found as potential probiotic strains since they have indicated promising inhibitory effects against the studied pathogenic bacterial strains. Our results shed light on the considerable diversity of lactobacilli in human breast milk. Furthermore, the candidate probiotic strains detected in this research might be used as potential probiotic strains. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Breast milk, Lactobacillus, probiotics, inhibitory effect, polymerase chain reaction.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47637415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shelf life study of dry milled cocoyam flour packaged in low density polyethylene was carried out for a period of 4-month. Microbiological, nutritional, physicochemical quality characteristics and aflatoxin content were evaluated. The total viable bacterial counts ranged from 1.6×103 - 4.8×105 cfu/g while the total viable fungal count increased from 5.0 × 101 - 3.8 × 105 sfu/g. The bacteria isolated include Bacillus species, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas species and Staphylococcus saprophytic. Fungal genera isolated include Penicillum species, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium, Mucor and Rhizopus species. Gradual decrease in pH (6.40 ± 0.001 to 4.17± 0.01) and noticeable increase in titrateable acidity (0.024 ± 0.003 to 1.17 ± 0.01%) were observed during storage. There was an increase in moisture content while carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fibre and ash were found to decrease during storage. Aflatoxin B1 and B2 content from 0 h to the 4th month were (0.020, 0.006) and (0.097, 0.063) µg/kg respectively. The presence of aflatoxin B1 and B2 is of public health concern. There is need for improved processing, handling techniques and good hygiene practices to ensure safety of the finished product. Key words: Cocoyam, shelf life, room temperature, aflatoxin content, nutritional analysis.
{"title":"Shelf stability of processed cocoyam flour during storage at room temperature (28.0 2C) for a period of four months","authors":"G. I. Okwu, A. R. Akpe, A. A. Osawaru","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2020.9404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2020.9404","url":null,"abstract":"The shelf life study of dry milled cocoyam flour packaged in low density polyethylene was carried out for a period of 4-month. Microbiological, nutritional, physicochemical quality characteristics and aflatoxin content were evaluated. The total viable bacterial counts ranged from 1.6×103 - 4.8×105 cfu/g while the total viable fungal count increased from 5.0 × 101 - 3.8 × 105 sfu/g. The bacteria isolated include Bacillus species, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas species and Staphylococcus saprophytic. Fungal genera isolated include Penicillum species, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium, Mucor and Rhizopus species. Gradual decrease in pH (6.40 ± 0.001 to 4.17± 0.01) and noticeable increase in titrateable acidity (0.024 ± 0.003 to 1.17 ± 0.01%) were observed during storage. There was an increase in moisture content while carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fibre and ash were found to decrease during storage. Aflatoxin B1 and B2 content from 0 h to the 4th month were (0.020, 0.006) and (0.097, 0.063) µg/kg respectively. The presence of aflatoxin B1 and B2 is of public health concern. There is need for improved processing, handling techniques and good hygiene practices to ensure safety of the finished product. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cocoyam, shelf life, room temperature, aflatoxin content, nutritional analysis.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44421323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helicobacter pylori is the most common infection in the world, and the most main causes of dyspepsia are related to H. pylori infection. In that respect, several non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection were utilized. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated variables among dyspeptic patients in Mukalla city, Hadhramout-Yemen during a period from February to September 2018. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 suspected dyspeptic patients. Data regarding to associated variables were collected using a structured questionnaire, and the samples of feces and serum were collected and screened for H. pylori by rapid diagnostic immunochromatographic assays for antigen and antibody. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20 and a P value <0.05 was taken statistically significant. Prevalence of H. pylori was found to be 15 and 18.5% using the antigen H. pylori test and serum anti-H. pylori test respectively. Prevalence using antigen H. pylori test was significantly associated to male sex (P=0.035). In those patients with H. pylori, a positive result with antigen test was significantly associated to drinking non-filtered water (COR = 3.67; 95%CI=1.436-9.363; P=0.007), symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation (COR=0.865, 95%CI=0.034-0.536, P=0.004) and antibiotics used (COR=0.312, 95%CI=0.125-0.780, P=0.013). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was frequent among the dyspeptic patients in the study area. H. pylori infection was related to non-filtered water source, symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation and antibiotics used are contributing factors. Moreover, further studies are needed to investigate other potential associated variables for H. pylori infection. Key words: Antibody, antigen, dyspepsia, Helicobacter pylori, laboratory diagnosis, prevalence.
{"title":"Screening for the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspeptic patients using simple fecal antigen and serum antibody diagnostic methods at Mukalla city Hospitals, Hadhramout, Yemen","authors":"E. Bin-Hameed, Huda Mohammed Barajash","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2020.9413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2020.9413","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori is the most common infection in the world, and the most main causes of dyspepsia are related to H. pylori infection. In that respect, several non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection were utilized. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated variables among dyspeptic patients in Mukalla city, Hadhramout-Yemen during a period from February to September 2018. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 suspected dyspeptic patients. Data regarding to associated variables were collected using a structured questionnaire, and the samples of feces and serum were collected and screened for H. pylori by rapid diagnostic immunochromatographic assays for antigen and antibody. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20 and a P value <0.05 was taken statistically significant. Prevalence of H. pylori was found to be 15 and 18.5% using the antigen H. pylori test and serum anti-H. pylori test respectively. Prevalence using antigen H. pylori test was significantly associated to male sex (P=0.035). In those patients with H. pylori, a positive result with antigen test was significantly associated to drinking non-filtered water (COR = 3.67; 95%CI=1.436-9.363; P=0.007), symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation (COR=0.865, 95%CI=0.034-0.536, P=0.004) and antibiotics used (COR=0.312, 95%CI=0.125-0.780, P=0.013). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was frequent among the dyspeptic patients in the study area. H. pylori infection was related to non-filtered water source, symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation and antibiotics used are contributing factors. Moreover, further studies are needed to investigate other potential associated variables for H. pylori infection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antibody, antigen, dyspepsia, Helicobacter pylori, laboratory diagnosis, prevalence.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43955649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Djibrine, Bessimbaye Nadlaou, Bodering Alain, É. Bakó, A. Tidjani, N. Barro
The preparation and sale of street foods is booming in African cities in general and especially in N’Djamena. However, the hygienic failures observed during this activity constitute a source of contamination of these foods. The objective of this work is to determine the different serotypes of Salmonella isolated from food sold in the streets of N’Djamena in Chad and to test their sensitivity antibiotics. In total, 447 samples from 12 different types of food were collected and analyzed using standard food microbiology methods. The disk diffusion method was used to test the antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella strains detected. The serotyping of the 5 strains of Salmonella allowed us to identify 3 serotypes namely Salmonella Mbandaka, Salmonella Idikan and Salmonella Anatum. The susceptibility profiles of the strains to antibiotics were varied. Resistance were observed with the antibiotics Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, Cefotaxime and Nalidixic acid. The most active antibiotics were Cefoxitne, Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam, Imipenem and Choramphenicol with a rate of 100% sensitivity. However, the resistance of these strains to certain antibiotics is a real public health problem that calls out to food safety. Key words: Street food, contamination, Salmonella, serotype, resistance, Chad.
{"title":"Resistance profile of Salmonella isolated from food sold in the streets of NDjamena, Chad","authors":"M. A. Djibrine, Bessimbaye Nadlaou, Bodering Alain, É. Bakó, A. Tidjani, N. Barro","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9475","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation and sale of street foods is booming in African cities in general and especially in N’Djamena. However, the hygienic failures observed during this activity constitute a source of contamination of these foods. The objective of this work is to determine the different serotypes of Salmonella isolated from food sold in the streets of N’Djamena in Chad and to test their sensitivity antibiotics. In total, 447 samples from 12 different types of food were collected and analyzed using standard food microbiology methods. The disk diffusion method was used to test the antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella strains detected. The serotyping of the 5 strains of Salmonella allowed us to identify 3 serotypes namely Salmonella Mbandaka, Salmonella Idikan and Salmonella Anatum. The susceptibility profiles of the strains to antibiotics were varied. Resistance were observed with the antibiotics Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, Cefotaxime and Nalidixic acid. The most active antibiotics were Cefoxitne, Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam, Imipenem and Choramphenicol with a rate of 100% sensitivity. However, the resistance of these strains to certain antibiotics is a real public health problem that calls out to food safety. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Street food, contamination, Salmonella, serotype, resistance, Chad.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42868713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assohoun-Djeni Nanouman Marina Christelle, A. Paul, K. K. Athanase, Kouassi Kouassi Cl ement, Kouame Christelle, Djeni N’d ed e Th eodore, Konaté Ibrahim
This study aimed to study physicochemical and microbiological parameters during nonnonkoumou production. A total of 15 samples were analyzed during this study at a rate of 3 samples per fermentation time (T0 h, T6 h, T12 h, T18 h and T24 h). The physicochemical analyses showed a drop in pH (from 7.03 ± 0.028 to 4.59 ± 0.021) during the 24 h of fermentation. The titratable acidity increased from 0.30 ± 0.014% at the start of fermentation to reach the maximum value of 0.88 ± 0.056% at 24 h of fermentation. The sugar level of fermenting milk samples decreased from 10.05 ± 0.071% at the start of fermentation, to 5.15 ± 0.071% at the end of fermentation. The density results showed an addition of water to the milk used for nonnonkoumou production. Microbiological analyses showed a similar growth of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and molds, but yeasts and molds were absent at the start of fermentation. Aerobic mesophile flora count reached maximum value (7.56 ± 0.81 Log CFU/ml) at 12 h of fermentation. The coliform count increased up to 12 h of fermentation before decreasing and disappearing at the end of fermentation. Key words: Milk, nonnonkoumou, fermentation, contamination, physicochemical and microbiological analyses.
{"title":"Monitoring of physicochemical and microbiological parameters during nonnonkoumou (artisanal curdled milk) production in Daloa, Cte dIvoire","authors":"Assohoun-Djeni Nanouman Marina Christelle, A. Paul, K. K. Athanase, Kouassi Kouassi Cl ement, Kouame Christelle, Djeni N’d ed e Th eodore, Konaté Ibrahim","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2021.9502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2021.9502","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to study physicochemical and microbiological parameters during nonnonkoumou production. A total of 15 samples were analyzed during this study at a rate of 3 samples per fermentation time (T0 h, T6 h, T12 h, T18 h and T24 h). The physicochemical analyses showed a drop in pH (from 7.03 ± 0.028 to 4.59 ± 0.021) during the 24 h of fermentation. The titratable acidity increased from 0.30 ± 0.014% at the start of fermentation to reach the maximum value of 0.88 ± 0.056% at 24 h of fermentation. The sugar level of fermenting milk samples decreased from 10.05 ± 0.071% at the start of fermentation, to 5.15 ± 0.071% at the end of fermentation. The density results showed an addition of water to the milk used for nonnonkoumou production. Microbiological analyses showed a similar growth of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and molds, but yeasts and molds were absent at the start of fermentation. Aerobic mesophile flora count reached maximum value (7.56 ± 0.81 Log CFU/ml) at 12 h of fermentation. The coliform count increased up to 12 h of fermentation before decreasing and disappearing at the end of fermentation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Milk, nonnonkoumou, fermentation, contamination, physicochemical and microbiological analyses.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42162162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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