Russian Journal of General Chemistry最新文献

By reacting antimony(III) chloride with 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyllithium, tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)stibine was synthesized and the possibility of its alkylation with ethyliodoacetate was established to form {[2,4,6-(MeO)₃C₆H₂]₃SbCH₂C(O)OEt}I·СHCl₃·0.5Н₂О. Antimony atoms in the Ar₃Sb molecule and the [Ar₃SbCH₂C(O)OEt]⁺ cation, Ar = 2,4,6-(MeO)₃C₆H₂ have distorted trigonal pyramidal [angle CSbC 101.97(4)°] and tetrahedral [angle CSbC 104.5(2)°‒113.6(2)°] coordination, respectively. The structure of the stibonium complex is additionally stabilized by intermolecular interactions, which involve water molecules (I···H 2.815, 2.881 Å) and chloroform C=O···Cl (3.141 Å), I···H (2.793 Å).

The nanostructured powders of cadmium selenide semiconductor were prepared hydrothermally using two synthesis protocols, after which they were annealed at 200°C for different times (0, 4, 8, and 12 h). In order to obtain a well-crystalline powders with a stable, single-phase structure of CdSe, and then delve into studying their structural and morphological properties and ensuring that they are completely free of impurities, that is, the presence of only the basic components of Cd and Se, while determining their atomic ratios, as well as explaining the chemical reactions occurring in both protocols, the rate of change on the CdSe nano-powders under the influence of increasing the annealing time was clear and very important until very satisfactory results were given compared to what was obtained from the hydrothermal process alone, that is, without annealing. This required the use of several techniques. The diffractograms of the two CdSe powders after a certain annealing time estimated between 4 and 8 h depending on the protocol of synthesis, showed a crystallization of pure hexagonal structure of the CdSe wurtzite phase with crystallites of nanometric size, approximately 13 nm.

Paraquat, an herbicide used to control annual and perennial weeds, poses risks to human, animal, and environmental health due to its toxicity. This article introduces a nanocontainer designed to bind and neutralize paraquat. The nanocontainer is a nanoscale sphere created through microemulsion polycondensation of resorcinarenes with tyrosine and carboxylate groups and phenylboronic acid. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering indicate that the average size of the nanocontainer is approximately 300 nm. Fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy show that the nanocontainer binds paraquat, resulting in a shift of proton signals towards higher fields and fluorescence quenching, with a binding constant of 28000 M⁻¹. This interaction alters the electrochemical properties, contributing to toxicity. In the cyclic voltammetry analysis of paraquat, adding the nanocontainer after three reduction cycles eliminates the reduction peaks, indicating complete neutralization of paraquat. The article details the nanocontainers synthesis, physicochemical properties, binding efficiency of paraquat, and its impact on electrochemical behavior, as well as potential applications for mitigating paraquats harmful effects.

The article presents methods for amplifying femtosecond laser pulses. A chirped-pulse amplification setup and a grating-based device are presented that can be used to amplify a chirped pulse with a total gain of up to 10¹¹. A typical block diagram of a chirped-pulse amplifier for producing high-power femtosecond pulses is described. The use of an amplifying system consisting of a multipass amplifier and amplification stages with a progressive increase in the diameter of the laser beam makes it possible to increase the pulse energy by a factor of 10⁸–10⁹, avoiding damage to the amplifying elements. The method of amplifying chirped pulses requires the use of diffraction gratings with sizes close to 1 m to amplify pulses up to energies of tens of J. In particular, the use of giant laser systems based on amplifying cascades containing neodymium glass plates is noted. A parametric method for amplifying femtosecond pulses is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of parametric amplification are discussed. A general block diagram of an installation for obtaining petawatt-level femtosecond pulses by parametric amplification is presented. The principle of parametric amplification is used not only to obtain ultra-high powers and intensities, but also to achieve high values of other parameters.

The reactions of 2,2,4,11,11,13-hexamethyl-1,5,10,14-tetraazacyclooctadeca-4,13-diene with carboxylic acid chlorohydrides produced C- and N-acyl substituted 2,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-1,5-diazonines. The structure of the obtained C- and N-acyldiazonines was studied by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy using two-dimensional experiments ¹H-¹³C HMQC, HMBC, ¹H-¹H COSY.

Prostate cancer is a well-known disease that has gained significant attention in recent years. To improve and suggest new compounds with anticancer activity, it has become essential to identify new proposed agents through innovative and reliable methods such as computational small molecule discovery methods. In this regard, 3D-QSAR and Molecular Docking studies have been conducted on disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives as antiproliferative analogs, using static methods to find the right model. The study established 3D-QSAR model based on Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Index Analysis (CoMSIA). The best model was obtained with CoMFA model (Q² = 0.696, R² = 0.992, R = 0.985) and CoMSIA model (Q² = 0.582, R² = 0.992, R = 0.984) statistical coefficients. To determine the predictive power of the model, we need to calculate the parameters of k, Roy, Golbraikh, and Tropsha for the test set and the y, SEE, and t-F randomization tests for the training set. Docking’s results suggest that amino acids (PDB; 3 ERT), Asp351, Leu384, Arg394, Phe404, Leu346, Leu525, and Thr347, have a significant interest in anticancer activity. The CoMFA model’s steric and electrostatic field contours were studied to determine the results further. The study suggests four new antiproliferative agents that have demonstrated reliability through ADMET and toxicophore methods.

Nanoparticles have unique characteristics with applications in different fields of industry and medicine. There are several methods for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles, mostly according economic and environmental criteria. On this contribution, it is presented a review on zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by “green route” methods and their biomedical advantages such as anticancer and antibacterial properties. To obtain this type of environment-friendly nanoparticles with different morphologies, zinc salts are used as precursor and as reductants. Plants as biological media are used as well, that is because naturally occurs within their systems reduction processes and/or phytochemical extracts of some part of plants. Thankfully to these green routes, the exposure and final disposal of toxic substances that involve conventional chemical methods are mitigated.

The metal exchange reaction of Mg(II)-octa-(4-fluorophenyl)tetraazaporphyrin with Co(II), Cu(II), and Mn(II) chlorides in dimethylformamide has been studied by the spectrophotometric method. The kinetic parameters were calculated and the stoichiometric mechanism of the metal exchange reaction was established. The influence of the solvate salt nature and the tetrapyrrole macrocycle chemical modification on the kinetic parameters of the studied reaction was revealed. Using the metal exchange reaction of Mg(II)-octa-(4-fluorophenyl)tetraazaporphyrin with CoCl₂ in dimethylformamide, Co(II)-octa-(4-fluorophenyl)tetraazaporphyrin was synthesized. Co(III)-octa-(4-fluorophenyl)tetraazaporphyrin was obtained by treating Co(II)-porphyrazine with a dimethylformamide-hydrochloric acid mixture. The processes of cobalt complexes oxidation and reduction in solvents of various natures were studied.

An ultrasound-assisted synthesis of a new polymer, poly[N¹-({4-[3-(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]phenyl}carbamothioyl)-N³-thioformylisophthalamide] by a polycondensation reaction of isophthaloyl diisothiocyanate and 4,4′-(1,3-phenylenedioxy)dianiline was reported. Different techniques were utilized to prove the chemical structure of the synthesized polymer, including FTIR, ¹H NMR, TGA, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The capability of the synthesized polymer to adsorb Ni(II) ions from an aqueous solution was analytically evaluated. The change of several parameters including contact time, Ni(II) ions concentration, pH, and temperature on the adsorption process onto the target polymer was extensively investigated. The results indicated that the optimal adsorption pH was about 7 with the removal efficiency of 78.379% and the adsorbed amount of Ni(II) ions increased when the temperature was increased. The adsorption isotherms analysis revealed that the Langmuir model was the most relevant to describe the adsorption process compared with the Freundlich model. The study of adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption model of Ni(II) ions onto the surface polymer being significantly correlated with pseudo-second-order model. Based on the thermodynamic studies, the calculated ΔG was negative, ΔH was endothermic, and ΔS was positive, verifying that the adsorption process is spontaneous.

In the present study, disulfonamides piperazine derivatives were synthesized by Hinsberg reaction of various sulfonyl chlorides with 2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanamine and evaluation their cell proliferation activity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by ¹H, ¹³C NMR, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallographic techniques. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the central piperazine ring and two terminal substituted sulfonyl phenyl rings joined by sulfonamide linkage are present in every structure. The cell proliferation activity of synthesized compounds was measured on human buccal mucosa oral fibroblast primary cell lines. Among the synthesized compounds, 4-nitro-N-(2-{4-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl)benzenesulfonamide, 4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-(4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide and 2-nitro-N-(2-{4-[(2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl)benzenesulfonamide showed potential activity against tested cell lines.