Russian Journal of General Chemistry最新文献

A straightforward and effective method for the synthesis of new series of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids developed by adopting click Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Alkyne tethered benzimidazole carboxylates treated with various aromatic azides using sodium ascorbate and copper sulphate as catalytic medium. The resulting series of novel benzimidazole-linked 1,2,3-triazole analogues were characterized using NMR, IR, mass spectral data. All the compounds screened for cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Three compounds exhibited good cytotoxic as well as antimicrobial activity

Zn(OH)₂ and GO powders were used as the raw materials for an explosive reaction, resulting in the preparation of ZnO/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites. Results show that ZnO/rGO composites were obtained through the explosive reaction. GO was significantly stripped into nanosheets. GO was significantly stripped into nanosheets. ZnO had two distinct particle sizes: one falling in the submicron particle size of 100–500 nm and the other was being 5–10 nm. These ZnO nanoparticles were well supported on the rGO nanosheets. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution was studied. The findings demonstrate that the photocatalytic performance of the ZnO/rGO composites was greatly improved compared with that of the single-phase ZnO. Rapid degradation was achieved in a short time even at a high concentration of MB (60 mg/L). Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the ZnO/rGO composite prepared with a mole ratio of 1:8 of Zn(OH)₂ and GO in the raw material can completely degrade MB within only 20 min.

Biodiesel, a renewable and biodegradable fuel, offers significant environmental advantages but faces challenges such as lower combustion efficiency and increased nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions compared to diesel. Addressing these limitations requires innovative material-based approaches. This study explores the combined effects of nanoparticle-enhanced biodiesel and Fe/Zn-coated catalytic converters on engine performance and emissions, addressing a gap in understanding the synergistic potential of these materials. The objective was to assess how cerium oxide (CeO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, integrated with advanced catalytic coatings, influence combustion and emission characteristics. Using a single-cylinder diesel engine, performance metrics such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were analyzed, alongside emissions of NO_x, carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM). Results revealed significant improvements in BTE (up to 34.5%) and reductions in NO_x (15%) and PM emissions (28%) with nanoparticle-enhanced biodiesel and catalytic converters. These findings highlight the transformative potential of material innovations in sustainable energy technologies. Future research should explore the scalability and long-term environmental impacts of these materials.

Silver nanofluids have emerged as promising candidates for advanced thermal and optical applications due to their excellent thermal conductivity and tunable optical properties. However, the influence of nanoparticle size on these properties remains inadequately explored. The objective is to determine the optimal nanoparticle size for enhanced thermal conductivity (TC), heat transfer coefficient (HTC), and optical absorption. Nanofluids were prepared and tested under controlled conditions using a transient hot-wire apparatus for TC and a closed-loop system for HTC. Results showed that 30 nm nanoparticles (nps) exhibited the highest TC (0.75 W/mK) and HTC (420 W/m² K), outperforming larger particles by 15 and 10%, respectively. Conversely, 50 nm nanoparticles demonstrated superior optical absorption efficiency due to red-shifted SPR peaks. The study underscores the importance of size optimization for specific applications and highlights RSM as a powerful tool for predicting optimal conditions. These findings pave the way for the tailored design of nanofluids in energy systems, with potential future research extending to hybrid nanofluids and advanced thermal systems.

A series of novel betulin-28-thiazole ester derivatives were designed, synthesized, and subsequently evaluated for their anticancer activity. Among these compounds, 3β-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-yl 3-(5-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide demonstrated the most potent anticancer activity against A549 cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 2.24 µM, being 11.23-fold more potent than betulin. Meanwhile, 3β-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-yl 3-(5-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide displayed exceptional water solubility, being 20.15-fold higher than that of betulin. In summary, these data identified 3β-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-yl-3-(5-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide as a promising lead compound that warrants further investigation of its anticancer properties.

A series of ciprofloxacin-based thiazolidinone derivatives were developed and prepared by reacting active methylene compound with corresponding aldehydes. The novel compounds were analyzed using several spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, ¹H, ¹³C NMR and MS), and their antimicrobial properties were tested. Their minimum inhibitory concentration values were between 1.6 and 72.1 µg/mL, similar to MXF (1.9–3.5 µg/mL). From screening, the antibacterial results showed that p-chlorobenzylidene, p-dimethylaminobenzylidene, and m-methoxybenzylidene derivatives showed outstanding antibacterial activity against E. coli with zone of inhibition values of 27±0.1, 21±0.1, and 22±0.3 mm, respectively. The molecular docking predictions showed that the most active compounds have good binding affinities with E. coli DNA gyrase (7C7N). ADMET predictions were performed; the most thiazolidines possess the highest drug likeness score (1.23–1.61) as a promising pharmacokinetic safety profile.

A series of new volatile cobalt(II) chelates with ligands containing an extended perfluoroalkyl group, [CH₃C(X)CHC(O)R]^–, R = C₂F₅, X = O (L¹) or NH (NL¹); R = C₃F₇, X = O (L²) or NH (NL²), were obtained via a salt metathesis reaction. Elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy were used to confirm the formation of heteroligand complexes [Со(H₂O)₂(L¹)₂] and [Со(H₂O)₂(L²)₂]·nH₂O (n = 1, 2) in the case of β-diketonates, while homoligand complexes [Со(NL¹)₂] and [Со(NL²)₂] were obtained for β-iminoketonates. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the structures of [Со(CH₃OH)₂(L¹)₂] (Im, CCDC 2374366) and [Со(H₂O)₂(L²)₂]·H₂O (CCDC 2374367), and comparison with related compounds allowed for the identification of specific structural features of heteroligand cobalt(II) complexes. The thermal behavior of the synthesized complexes was investigated using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The feasibility of chemical vapor deposition of Cо₃О₄ nanomaterials from [Со(NL¹)₂]. was demonstrated. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray phase analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.

4-(2-Phenylphenoxy)-5-nitro- and 4,5-di(2-phenylphenoxy)phthalonitriles were obtained by the reaction of 4-bromo-5-nitrophthalonitrile with 2-phenylphenol. Tetramerization of these precursors with acetates of selected divalent metals led to the synthesis of the corresponding octasubstituted phthalocyanines. Their spectral properties were investigated.

A systematic and efficient green method for the synthesis of advanced derivatives of isoxazole at room temperature was developed using ferrite as a catalyst. This process involves a simple one-pot multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and hydroxylamine in a green solvent. The reaction time was significantly reduced by employing ultrasonic waves as an energy source. Key features of this protocol include a straightforward workup procedure, mild reaction conditions, the use of a green solvent, reusability of the catalyst and a developed synthesis that eliminates the need for purification steps such as chromatography.