Marie Soudre Fabienne, Kiba Alice, Kouraogo Arnaud, Karfo Raoul, B. Aboubacar, Kagambega Arsène, Kabré Elie, Sakandé Jean
{"title":"Profile of CA 15-3 and CEA during breast cancer chemotherapy at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"Marie Soudre Fabienne, Kiba Alice, Kouraogo Arnaud, Karfo Raoul, B. Aboubacar, Kagambega Arsène, Kabré Elie, Sakandé Jean","doi":"10.5897/ajbr2021.1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbr2021.1131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72709881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Belem-Kabré, B. Kaboré, Adjaratou Compaoré-Coulibaly, Tata Kadiatou Traoré, Emmanuel A. M. Thiombiano, Mariam Nebié-Traoré, Moussa, Compaoré, F. Kini, S. Ouédraogo, M. Kiendrebeogo, N. Ouedraogo
and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) are two plants used to treat several human pathologies such as oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study is to assess anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity and acute oral toxicity, of aqueous and methanolic extracts from C. nucifera L. and C. papaya L. using appropriate experimental models. The acute oral toxicity test of extracts on mice was evaluated using Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines 423. The capacity of extracts to inhibit key inflammation enzymes such as 15-lipoxygenase, phospholipase A 2 , cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 was evaluated in vitro . The antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro using four methods (inhibition of lipid peroxidation, FRAP, DPPH and ABTS tests). The phytochemical screening showed the presence of sterols and triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics and tannins. Methanolic extract from C. nucifera exhibited higher values of 855.06 ± 1.71 mg GAE/ g, 418.22 ± 1.92 mg CE / g, 19.31 ± 0.6 mg GAE / g, 20.6 ± 0.36 mg QE / g dry extract respectively for phenolics, condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins and flavonoid content. The extracts demonstrated antioxidant capacity, potential to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes and a lethal dose (LD 50 ) was estimated to 5000 mg/kg b.w. The results of this study constitute a solid scientific basis that can justify the traditional uses of these plants.
和番木瓜Carica papaya L.(加勒比科)是两种用于治疗几种人类疾病如氧化应激和炎症性疾病的植物。本研究旨在通过适当的实验模型，研究金针菇和木瓜的水提液和甲醇提液的抗炎活性、抗氧化活性和急性口服毒性。采用经济合作与发展(OECD)指南423对小鼠急性口服毒性试验进行评价。体外实验考察其对15-脂氧合酶、磷脂酶a2、环氧合酶1和环氧合酶2等关键炎症酶的抑制能力。采用四种方法(抑制脂质过氧化、FRAP、DPPH和ABTS试验)评估其体外抗氧化活性。植物化学筛选结果显示其含有甾醇、三萜、皂苷、黄酮类化合物、酚类物质和单宁。醇提物的酚类、缩合单宁、水解单宁和类黄酮含量分别为855.06±1.71 mg GAE/ g、418.22±1.92 mg CE / g、19.31±0.6 mg GAE/ g和20.6±0.36 mg QE / g。该提取物具有抗氧化能力，抑制促炎酶的潜力，致死剂量(ld50)估计为5000 mg/kg b.w。该研究结果为证明这些植物的传统用途提供了坚实的科学依据。
{"title":"Phytochemical and biological investigations of extracts from the roots of Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae) and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), two plants used in traditional medicine","authors":"W. Belem-Kabré, B. Kaboré, Adjaratou Compaoré-Coulibaly, Tata Kadiatou Traoré, Emmanuel A. M. Thiombiano, Mariam Nebié-Traoré, Moussa, Compaoré, F. Kini, S. Ouédraogo, M. Kiendrebeogo, N. Ouedraogo","doi":"10.5897/ajbr2020.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbr2020.1107","url":null,"abstract":"and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) are two plants used to treat several human pathologies such as oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study is to assess anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity and acute oral toxicity, of aqueous and methanolic extracts from C. nucifera L. and C. papaya L. using appropriate experimental models. The acute oral toxicity test of extracts on mice was evaluated using Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines 423. The capacity of extracts to inhibit key inflammation enzymes such as 15-lipoxygenase, phospholipase A 2 , cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 was evaluated in vitro . The antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro using four methods (inhibition of lipid peroxidation, FRAP, DPPH and ABTS tests). The phytochemical screening showed the presence of sterols and triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics and tannins. Methanolic extract from C. nucifera exhibited higher values of 855.06 ± 1.71 mg GAE/ g, 418.22 ± 1.92 mg CE / g, 19.31 ± 0.6 mg GAE / g, 20.6 ± 0.36 mg QE / g dry extract respectively for phenolics, condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins and flavonoid content. The extracts demonstrated antioxidant capacity, potential to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes and a lethal dose (LD 50 ) was estimated to 5000 mg/kg b.w. The results of this study constitute a solid scientific basis that can justify the traditional uses of these plants.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77291490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gomina, Corinne Tchegnonsi Tognon, Tarik Salifou, Gilbert Djidonou, S. Zinsou
This study was aimed to access the variations in serum lipid parameters based on the prandial state of adult patients. Through a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted in Parakou (Benin), from February 1 to May 1, 2020, 100 adult subjects (average age 31.21±12.36 years) were selected with systematic census. After ethical advice, a first sample was taken on empty-bellied adult subjects. Then, three additional samples were respectively taken two hours, four hours, and six hours after these subjects had eaten a meal of their choice. Serum lipid parameters were measured through enzymatic colorimetric methods. The average values of fasting lipid parameters in g/L were: Total cholesterol (1.48±0.35), HDL cholesterol (0.49±0.14), LDL cholesterol (0.84±0.36) and triglycerides (0.63±0.34). The comparison of the fasting and postprandial lipid parameters values is presented as follow: Triglyceridemia was significantly higher 2 h (P=0.000) and 4 h after meal (P=0.001). Only one type of food consumed was associated with mixed hyperlipidemia at six hours postprandial state (P=0.022). It may therefore be concluded that consumed foods do not cause most dyslipidemias 6 h in the postprandial state. During the screening for dyslipidemias in adults, the lipid profile can therefore be measured after six hours postprandial state. Key words: Lipid profile, fasting, prandial state, adults.
本研究旨在了解成人患者膳食状态下血脂参数的变化。采用横断面描述性和分析性研究方法，于2020年2月1日至5月1日在贝宁帕拉库市进行系统普查，选取成人100例，平均年龄31.21±12.36岁。在听取道德建议后，第一个样本是在空肚子的成年人身上采集的。然后，在这些受试者吃完自己选择的一餐后2小时、4小时和6小时，分别采集另外三个样本。采用酶比色法测定血脂参数。空腹脂质参数平均值(g/L)为:总胆固醇(1.48±0.35)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(0.49±0.14)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(0.84±0.36)、甘油三酯(0.63±0.34)。空腹和餐后血脂参数值的比较如下:甘油三酯血症在餐后2 h (P=0.000)和4 h (P=0.001)显著升高。只有一种食物与餐后6小时混合性高脂血症相关(P=0.022)。因此可以得出结论，食用食物不会导致餐后6小时内的大多数血脂异常。在筛查成人血脂异常时，可以在餐后6小时后测量血脂。关键词:血脂，空腹，膳食状态，成人。
{"title":"Serum lipid profile based on the prandial state among adult subjects","authors":"M. Gomina, Corinne Tchegnonsi Tognon, Tarik Salifou, Gilbert Djidonou, S. Zinsou","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2021.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2021.1118","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to access the variations in serum lipid parameters based on the prandial state of adult patients. Through a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted in Parakou (Benin), from February 1 to May 1, 2020, 100 adult subjects (average age 31.21±12.36 years) were selected with systematic census. After ethical advice, a first sample was taken on empty-bellied adult subjects. Then, three additional samples were respectively taken two hours, four hours, and six hours after these subjects had eaten a meal of their choice. Serum lipid parameters were measured through enzymatic colorimetric methods. The average values of fasting lipid parameters in g/L were: Total cholesterol (1.48±0.35), HDL cholesterol (0.49±0.14), LDL cholesterol (0.84±0.36) and triglycerides (0.63±0.34). The comparison of the fasting and postprandial lipid parameters values is presented as follow: Triglyceridemia was significantly higher 2 h (P=0.000) and 4 h after meal (P=0.001). Only one type of food consumed was associated with mixed hyperlipidemia at six hours postprandial state (P=0.022). It may therefore be concluded that consumed foods do not cause most dyslipidemias 6 h in the postprandial state. During the screening for dyslipidemias in adults, the lipid profile can therefore be measured after six hours postprandial state. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Lipid profile, fasting, prandial state, adults.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83777794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) is widely used as a source of food and also has rich fibre and nutritional values. Hence, this research aimed at determining the phytochemical, proximate content as well as glycemic index and glycemic load of four varieties of Bambara groundnut found in Alkalere area of Bauchi State northeastern Nigeria for possible nutritional and medicinal utilization. Seeds of Bambara groundnut varieties were processed by heating at 60°C and cooled then grinded into powder using a mechanical grinder. The flour was used for phytochemical and proximate analysis as well as glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) determinations. The results revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and flavonoids in all the varieties while anthraquinones was not detected in all the four varieties. Proximate analysis showed high contents of carbohydrates and protein with low ash content in all the four varieties. The study also found that black seeds of Bambara groundnut had the lowest GI of 66.1 and GL at 1.33 while Brown-black seeds Bambara groundnut was the highest values in GI 75.6 and GL 1.51, respectively. The study for the first time reported the GI and GL differed among varieties with different seed color of different varieties of Bambara groundnut where a black seed variety of Bambara groundnuts possessed some good qualities for use in the nutritional management of blood glucose likely for diabetic patients. Key words: Bambara groundnut, phytochemical properties, proximate, glycemic index, glycemic load.
班巴拉花生(Vigna subterranea L. Verdc)被广泛用作食物来源，也具有丰富的纤维和营养价值。因此，本研究旨在测定尼日利亚东北部包奇州alkere地区四种班巴拉花生的植物化学成分、近似含量、血糖指数和血糖负荷，以供营养和药用利用。班巴拉花生品种的种子在60°C加热后冷却，然后用机械研磨机研磨成粉末。该面粉用于植物化学和近似分析，以及血糖指数(GI)和血糖负荷(GL)的测定。结果显示，4个品种中均含有皂苷、单宁、甾体、心苷、生物碱和黄酮类化合物，而未检出蒽醌类化合物。近似分析表明，4个品种碳水化合物和蛋白质含量高，灰分含量低。黑种班巴拉花生的GI最低，为66.1,GL为1.33，棕黑种班巴拉花生的GI最高，为75.6,GL为1.51。本研究首次报道了不同品种班巴拉花生不同种子颜色品种的GI和GL差异，其中黑色种子品种班巴拉花生具有良好的品质，可能用于糖尿病患者的血糖营养管理。关键词:班巴拉花生，植物化学性质，近似，血糖指数，血糖负荷。
{"title":"Evaluation of phytochemical constituents, proximate contents and glycemic index of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) varieties grown in Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"A. Mohammed, H. Mhya","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2021.1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2021.1120","url":null,"abstract":"Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) is widely used as a source of food and also has rich fibre and nutritional values. Hence, this research aimed at determining the phytochemical, proximate content as well as glycemic index and glycemic load of four varieties of Bambara groundnut found in Alkalere area of Bauchi State northeastern Nigeria for possible nutritional and medicinal utilization. Seeds of Bambara groundnut varieties were processed by heating at 60°C and cooled then grinded into powder using a mechanical grinder. The flour was used for phytochemical and proximate analysis as well as glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) determinations. The results revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and flavonoids in all the varieties while anthraquinones was not detected in all the four varieties. Proximate analysis showed high contents of carbohydrates and protein with low ash content in all the four varieties. The study also found that black seeds of Bambara groundnut had the lowest GI of 66.1 and GL at 1.33 while Brown-black seeds Bambara groundnut was the highest values in GI 75.6 and GL 1.51, respectively. The study for the first time reported the GI and GL differed among varieties with different seed color of different varieties of Bambara groundnut where a black seed variety of Bambara groundnuts possessed some good qualities for use in the nutritional management of blood glucose likely for diabetic patients. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bambara groundnut, phytochemical properties, proximate, glycemic index, glycemic load.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80490599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Awoyinka, T. Omodara, F. C. Oladele, M. O. Alese, E. O. Odesanmi, D. D. Ajayi, G. S. Adeleye, O. Omoleye
Prevalence of obesity is on the increase globally with high fat diet (HFD) known to be the main contributing factor. This study was carried out to determine the actions of fermented Parkia biglobosa (Iru) and Sphenostyles stenocarpa (Otili) on the kidney of obese induced albino rats. The rats were grouped into a control group fed with normal rats chow and three different high fat diet groups (HFD1, HFD2, HFD3) mixed with different proportions of P. biglobosa and S. stenocarpa. After feeding ad-libitum for six weeks blood samples were collected to determine albumin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) serum low density lipoprotein, enzymes (ALT, ALP, and AST) and Kidney histopathology. Results showed that there was a significant reduced body weight (p<0.05) in the treated rats compared with the control animals. Furthermore, the plasma lipid profiles were also improved, with a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) while boosting the high density lipoprotein (HDL). Similarly, histological examination revealed normal kidney with no negative changes such as dilation in blood vessels, cell infiltration, tubular defects, etc associated with taking high fat diet. In conclusion, supplementing a combination of fermented P. biglobosa (iru) and S. stenocarpa (otili) into diets show promise as a natural and safe anti-obesity agent that can ameliorate renal biochemical and histopathological changes associated with obesity. Key words: Parkia biglobosa, Sphenostyles stenocarpa, high fat diet, kidney, obesity.
{"title":"Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. Ex A. Rich) and fermented Parkia biglobosa ((Jacq, R.B.R.) supplementation prevents high fat diet induced derangements in kidney of albino rats","authors":"O. Awoyinka, T. Omodara, F. C. Oladele, M. O. Alese, E. O. Odesanmi, D. D. Ajayi, G. S. Adeleye, O. Omoleye","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2020.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2020.1099","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of obesity is on the increase globally with high fat diet (HFD) known to be the main contributing factor. This study was carried out to determine the actions of fermented Parkia biglobosa (Iru) and Sphenostyles stenocarpa (Otili) on the kidney of obese induced albino rats. The rats were grouped into a control group fed with normal rats chow and three different high fat diet groups (HFD1, HFD2, HFD3) mixed with different proportions of P. biglobosa and S. stenocarpa. After feeding ad-libitum for six weeks blood samples were collected to determine albumin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) serum low density lipoprotein, enzymes (ALT, ALP, and AST) and Kidney histopathology. Results showed that there was a significant reduced body weight (p<0.05) in the treated rats compared with the control animals. Furthermore, the plasma lipid profiles were also improved, with a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) while boosting the high density lipoprotein (HDL). Similarly, histological examination revealed normal kidney with no negative changes such as dilation in blood vessels, cell infiltration, tubular defects, etc associated with taking high fat diet. In conclusion, supplementing a combination of fermented P. biglobosa (iru) and S. stenocarpa (otili) into diets show promise as a natural and safe anti-obesity agent that can ameliorate renal biochemical and histopathological changes associated with obesity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Parkia biglobosa, Sphenostyles stenocarpa, high fat diet, kidney, obesity.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"132 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72617368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of haptoglobin (Hp) genotypes and their association with nephropathy and retinopathy in diabetic subjects. This is a case-control study conducted in diabetic subjects developing nephropathy and/or retinopathy. Each patient was matched to a control of the same sex and the same age ± 2 years. Hp genotyping was performed by conventional PCR without enzymatic digestion on the Proflex® System PCR (Biosystems, Spain) and the biochemical parameters were determined using enzymatic techniques with the Cobas c311 system (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). The study population consisted of 60 diabetic subjects with an average age of 56 years and a sex ratio of 0.43. The Hp2-2 genotype was more frequent in diabetic subjects (40%) compared to control subjects (28.3%) (p= 0.18). The distribution of Hp1-1 and Hp2-1 genotypes in diabetic subjects showed rates of 46.7 and 13.3% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the Hp 2-2 genotype was more associated with nephropathy (OR=1.77; p=0.8). These results showed an association between Hp polymorphism and diabetic microangiopathy. Thus, Hp2-2 genotype could be associated with a risk factor predisposing to the onset of diabetic kidney disease. Key words: Polymorphism, gene, haptoglobin, diabetes, nephropathy, retinopathy.
A. J. Al-Fartosy, N. A. Awad, Sadoun Abbas Alsalimi
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a master cause of all surplus death-rate among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with microalbuminuria. This study aimed to find effective biomarkers for early predicting of DN. Present study included 63 patients with T2DM (31 patients with DN, 32 patients without DN) and 33 healthy controls. These three groups were matched for their glucose, urea, creatinine, insulin, L-Carnitine (LC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), sialic acid (SA), trace elements (Selenium, Zinc, Magnesium), albumin (Alb), and fibronectin (FN). Glucose, urea, and creatinine were determined by spectrophotometer. Insulin, LC, OPG, SA, Alb, and FN were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) equation. Selenium was measured by hydride generation while Zinc and Magnesium were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Compared with controls, the results indicated that T2DM patients with or without DN had a significant increase in glucose, urea, creatinine, insulin, IR, OPG, SA, Alb, FN and a significant decrease in LC and trace elements levels. It was concluded that IR is strongly associated with obesity and had an important role in the pathogenesis and increased complication of diabetes which could be used as excellent indicators for early-stage DN in T2DM patients and thus decreasing mortality and morbidity. Key words: Diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, obesity, oxidative stress, traces elements.
{"title":"Insulin resistance and specific biomarkers in blood and urine of type 2 diabetic patients with or without nephropathy in Basrah, Iraq","authors":"A. J. Al-Fartosy, N. A. Awad, Sadoun Abbas Alsalimi","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2020.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2020.1101","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a master cause of all surplus death-rate among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with microalbuminuria. This study aimed to find effective biomarkers for early predicting of DN. Present study included 63 patients with T2DM (31 patients with DN, 32 patients without DN) and 33 healthy controls. These three groups were matched for their glucose, urea, creatinine, insulin, L-Carnitine (LC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), sialic acid (SA), trace elements (Selenium, Zinc, Magnesium), albumin (Alb), and fibronectin (FN). Glucose, urea, and creatinine were determined by spectrophotometer. Insulin, LC, OPG, SA, Alb, and FN were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) equation. Selenium was measured by hydride generation while Zinc and Magnesium were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Compared with controls, the results indicated that T2DM patients with or without DN had a significant increase in glucose, urea, creatinine, insulin, IR, OPG, SA, Alb, FN and a significant decrease in LC and trace elements levels. It was concluded that IR is strongly associated with obesity and had an important role in the pathogenesis and increased complication of diabetes which could be used as excellent indicators for early-stage DN in T2DM patients and thus decreasing mortality and morbidity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, obesity, oxidative stress, traces elements.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80248782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Absalome, C. Massara, K. Gervais, Diallo Issiagha, A. A. Alexandre, Yapo-Ake B en edicte, Ecrabey Yann Christian, Kouakou Francisk, Bene Yao Roger Esp erance, T. G. Georges
The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between glycated hemoglobin and blood sugar levels in diabetic subjects carried out in Abidjan. This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with diabetes monitored, for three months, for whom glycated blood glucose and hemoglobin were performed, this after informed consent of the patients. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used, at the 5% threshold. The patients with normal HbA1C and normal blood glucose accounted for 55.34 and 32%, respectively. A sedentary lifestyle and body mass index > 25 kg/m² were associated with a significant increase in the risk of increased blood glucose and HbA1C. The presence of a complication was associated with a 3.06-fold higher risk of high glycated hemoglobin (p= 0.0073), while blood glucose was not significantly associated with the onset of complications. Glycated hemoglobin was significantly correlated with blood glucose with a correlation coefficient of 0.4412 (p 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was significantly associated with alcohol consumption and non-compliance with antidiabetic treatment. Poor compliance was significantly associated with increased glycated hemoglobin (>7%) and tobacco consumption. The glycated hemoglobin was highly correlated with blood sugar, and was found to be a better predictor of diabetes complications than glycemia. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin, blood sugar, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.
{"title":"Correlation between glycated hemoglobin and venous blood sugar in diabetic patients monitored in Abidjan","authors":"M. Absalome, C. Massara, K. Gervais, Diallo Issiagha, A. A. Alexandre, Yapo-Ake B en edicte, Ecrabey Yann Christian, Kouakou Francisk, Bene Yao Roger Esp erance, T. G. Georges","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2020.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2020.1102","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between glycated hemoglobin and blood sugar levels in diabetic subjects carried out in Abidjan. This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with diabetes monitored, for three months, for whom glycated blood glucose and hemoglobin were performed, this after informed consent of the patients. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used, at the 5% threshold. The patients with normal HbA1C and normal blood glucose accounted for 55.34 and 32%, respectively. A sedentary lifestyle and body mass index > 25 kg/m² were associated with a significant increase in the risk of increased blood glucose and HbA1C. The presence of a complication was associated with a 3.06-fold higher risk of high glycated hemoglobin (p= 0.0073), while blood glucose was not significantly associated with the onset of complications. Glycated hemoglobin was significantly correlated with blood glucose with a correlation coefficient of 0.4412 (p 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was significantly associated with alcohol consumption and non-compliance with antidiabetic treatment. Poor compliance was significantly associated with increased glycated hemoglobin (>7%) and tobacco consumption. The glycated hemoglobin was highly correlated with blood sugar, and was found to be a better predictor of diabetes complications than glycemia. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin, blood sugar, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78962167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boni Saka Konmy Basile, A. Pascal, Doko-Allou Sanni-yo
The present study aims to evaluate acute oral toxicity of leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and determine the effect of the leaf’s meals of this plant on hematological and biochemical parameters of the rabbit. Ten rats weighing 150 ± 200 g were used for the oral acute toxicity study. Five rats received orally a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of weight of aqueous extract and 5 rats used as control. Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits, weighing 968±100 g were randomly spread into 4 treatments groups containing 12 growing rabbits each. Rabbits are fed rations T0, T1, T2 and T3 containing respectively 0, 5, 10 and 15% of the leaf powder M. oleifera for 56 days. The results show that M. oleifera is not toxic at 2000 mg/kg. The results of the biochemical and hematological parameters obtained in the rabbits do not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) between the treatments. These results suggest that feeding M. oleifera up to 15% inclusion in rabbit diet will not have a deleterious effect on the health of rabbits. However, histological studies of the liver and kidney would be necessary to confirm the innocuousness of the plant. Key words: Moringa oleifera, rats, rabbits, oral toxicity, hematological-biochemical parameters.
{"title":"Evaluation of acute oral toxicity, hemato-biochemical activity and physiological responses of rabbits and rats administered Moringa oleifera leaf extract and meal","authors":"Boni Saka Konmy Basile, A. Pascal, Doko-Allou Sanni-yo","doi":"10.5897/ajbr2020.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbr2020.1077","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to evaluate acute oral toxicity of leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and determine the effect of the leaf’s meals of this plant on hematological and biochemical parameters of the rabbit. Ten rats weighing 150 ± 200 g were used for the oral acute toxicity study. Five rats received orally a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of weight of aqueous extract and 5 rats used as control. Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits, weighing 968±100 g were randomly spread into 4 treatments groups containing 12 growing rabbits each. Rabbits are fed rations T0, T1, T2 and T3 containing respectively 0, 5, 10 and 15% of the leaf powder M. oleifera for 56 days. The results show that M. oleifera is not toxic at 2000 mg/kg. The results of the biochemical and hematological parameters obtained in the rabbits do not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) between the treatments. These results suggest that feeding M. oleifera up to 15% inclusion in rabbit diet will not have a deleterious effect on the health of rabbits. However, histological studies of the liver and kidney would be necessary to confirm the innocuousness of the plant. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Moringa oleifera, rats, rabbits, oral toxicity, hematological-biochemical parameters.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"142-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73595114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study evaluates the sub-acute toxicity and antioxidant potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus against CCl4-induced toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. The ethanolic leaf extract of C. citratus was prepared by solvent maceration method. The phytochemicals present in the extract were determined using standard methods. The potential sub-acute toxicities were evaluated using OECD procedure. The sub-acute toxicity of the extract at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, b.wt. was administered orally for 28 days. Another sets of rats were made hepatotoxic by orally administered with CCl4 (20% CCl4 in olive oil) twice per week for a period of five weeks. They were treated with C. citratus extract (300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) once a day for 35 days. Biochemical parameters were used to assess the hepatoprotective effects of the extract on liver tissues. Phytochemical screening of C citratus shows the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc. The administration of C. citratus is not hematotoxic and significantly reduced (P<0.05) elevated liver biomarker enzymes, urea, creatinine and the level of malondialdehyde. Treatment with the extract was found to significantly increase (P<0.05) TP level, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Liver histopathology shows that the extract reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by CCl4. The administration of C. citratus did not produce any toxic effects in the sub-acute study. The plant exhibits potent protective effects in CCl4-induced liver damage due to decrease in liver biomarker enzymes activities, increase of antioxidant-defense system and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Key words: Sub-acute toxicity, protective effects, Cymbopogon citratus, carbon tetrachloride, hematological, oxidative stress parameters.
{"title":"Sub-acute and protective effect of Cymbopogon citratus against carbon tetrachloride-induced \u0000liver damage","authors":"M. Oshiobugie, A. Raphael, R. Kareem","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2019.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2019.1064","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluates the sub-acute toxicity and antioxidant potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus against CCl4-induced toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. The ethanolic leaf extract of C. citratus was prepared by solvent maceration method. The phytochemicals present in the extract were determined using standard methods. The potential sub-acute toxicities were evaluated using OECD procedure. The sub-acute toxicity of the extract at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, b.wt. was administered orally for 28 days. Another sets of rats were made hepatotoxic by orally administered with CCl4 (20% CCl4 in olive oil) twice per week for a period of five weeks. They were treated with C. citratus extract (300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) once a day for 35 days. Biochemical parameters were used to assess the hepatoprotective effects of the extract on liver tissues. Phytochemical screening of C citratus shows the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc. The administration of C. citratus is not hematotoxic and significantly reduced (P<0.05) elevated liver biomarker enzymes, urea, creatinine and the level of malondialdehyde. Treatment with the extract was found to significantly increase (P<0.05) TP level, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Liver histopathology shows that the extract reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by CCl4. The administration of C. citratus did not produce any toxic effects in the sub-acute study. The plant exhibits potent protective effects in CCl4-induced liver damage due to decrease in liver biomarker enzymes activities, increase of antioxidant-defense system and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Sub-acute toxicity, protective effects, Cymbopogon citratus, carbon tetrachloride, hematological, oxidative stress parameters.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"112-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78733408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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