Augustine Ndubuisi, Ani Celestine, Eze Wenceslaus, Ugwudike Patrick, A. Pamela, Ude Victor Chibueze, A. F. Uchenna, Nworgu Choice, Ikwuka David, Ugwuishi Emeka, Nwachukwu Daniel
The potency of the peels of Citrus sinensis against cadmium induced liver damage has not been explored in our environment. 48 wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were randomly divided into eight (8) groups of five (5) rats each. Group A was the positive control and received 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) intraperitoneally as a single dose. Groups B and C received the aqueous extract of zest of citrus sinensis (AEZCS) at a low doses of 10 and 40 mg/kg bw respectively. Groups D and E received cadmium chloride, followed by low and high doses of AEZCS respectively. Groups F and G received low and high doses of AEZCS followed by CdCl2 while group H served as the normal control. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and serum total proteins were analyzed. The results showed significant (P<0.05) differences in the mean values of LV/BW, ALT, AST, total proteins, serum dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) when the positive control group was compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). Histological sections of the negative control groups were significantly different from the positive control group but not from the groups treated with AEZCS at the high doses. Thus, AEZCS had ameliorative and protective health benefits at the high dose of 40mg/kg body weight. Key words: Citrus sinensis, oxidative stress, cadmium chloride, hepatotoxicity.
{"title":"The effect of aqueous extract of zest of citrus sinensis (AEZCs) on cadmium chloride induced liver toxicity in wistar rats","authors":"Augustine Ndubuisi, Ani Celestine, Eze Wenceslaus, Ugwudike Patrick, A. Pamela, Ude Victor Chibueze, A. F. Uchenna, Nworgu Choice, Ikwuka David, Ugwuishi Emeka, Nwachukwu Daniel","doi":"10.5897/ajbr2019.1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbr2019.1051","url":null,"abstract":"The potency of the peels of Citrus sinensis against cadmium induced liver damage has not been explored in our environment. 48 wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were randomly divided into eight (8) groups of five (5) rats each. Group A was the positive control and received 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) intraperitoneally as a single dose. Groups B and C received the aqueous extract of zest of citrus sinensis (AEZCS) at a low doses of 10 and 40 mg/kg bw respectively. Groups D and E received cadmium chloride, followed by low and high doses of AEZCS respectively. Groups F and G received low and high doses of AEZCS followed by CdCl2 while group H served as the normal control. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and serum total proteins were analyzed. The results showed significant (P<0.05) differences in the mean values of LV/BW, ALT, AST, total proteins, serum dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) when the positive control group was compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). Histological sections of the negative control groups were significantly different from the positive control group but not from the groups treated with AEZCS at the high doses. Thus, AEZCS had ameliorative and protective health benefits at the high dose of 40mg/kg body weight. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Citrus sinensis, oxidative stress, cadmium chloride, hepatotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"5-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75862969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lemamy Guy Joseph, Ndeboko Benedicte, Omouessi Serge Thierry, Mouecoucou Justine
The multifunctional transmembrane mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (M6P/IGF2-R) has been proposed as a putative prognostic marker in breast cancer. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with mutations in the remaining allele have been described at the gene level. We previously reported significant decrease of M6P/IGF2-R at the protein level in cancer cells than normal peritumoral ducts of breast tumors which may indicate an increased release of the receptor from the cell membrane to the blood. To assess that hypothesis we measured in this study M6P/IGF2-R levels in serum of women with breast cancer by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that allows a detectable sensitivity of 300 ng/mL. The results were obtained referring to a standard curve consisting in varying concentrations of human purified M6P/IGF2-R. Women sera consisted of cancer-free sera (n=39) or serum from women with breast cancer (n=39) were preincubated with anti-M6P/IGF2-R immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies. High levels of M6P/IGF2-R (p<0.01) were found in serum from women with breast cancer in comparison with cancer-free serum. Overall the results support the hypothesis of increased release of the receptor from cancer cells to the blood and add one more argument for M6P/IGF2-R studying as a potential breast cancer marker. Key words: Mannose-6-Phosphate/Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 Receptor (M6P/IGF2-R), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), suppressor gene, breast cancer, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IgY, biological marker.
{"title":"Increased levels of mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2-R) found in serum of patients with breast cancer","authors":"Lemamy Guy Joseph, Ndeboko Benedicte, Omouessi Serge Thierry, Mouecoucou Justine","doi":"10.5897/ajbr2016.0878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbr2016.0878","url":null,"abstract":"The multifunctional transmembrane mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (M6P/IGF2-R) has been proposed as a putative prognostic marker in breast cancer. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with mutations in the remaining allele have been described at the gene level. We previously reported significant decrease of M6P/IGF2-R at the protein level in cancer cells than normal peritumoral ducts of breast tumors which may indicate an increased release of the receptor from the cell membrane to the blood. To assess that hypothesis we measured in this study M6P/IGF2-R levels in serum of women with breast cancer by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that allows a detectable sensitivity of 300 ng/mL. The results were obtained referring to a standard curve consisting in varying concentrations of human purified M6P/IGF2-R. Women sera consisted of cancer-free sera (n=39) or serum from women with breast cancer (n=39) were preincubated with anti-M6P/IGF2-R immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies. High levels of M6P/IGF2-R (p<0.01) were found in serum from women with breast cancer in comparison with cancer-free serum. Overall the results support the hypothesis of increased release of the receptor from cancer cells to the blood and add one more argument for M6P/IGF2-R studying as a potential breast cancer marker. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Mannose-6-Phosphate/Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 Receptor (M6P/IGF2-R), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), suppressor gene, breast cancer, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IgY, biological marker.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74649041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to determine the proximate and phytochemical compositions of Vernonia amygdalina leaves, to ascertain its nutritional potentials. V. amygdalina plants were cultivated, and the leaves were harvested at maturity, cleaned and apportioned into two; one portion was oven dried whilst the other was air-dried- all to a moisture content of about 15%. The dried samples were pulverized and used for proximate and phytochemical analysis. Data collected were subjected to two-sample T-test of GenStat Statistical Package (12th Edition). Results obtained show a significantly (p < 0.05) higher crude protein, dry matter, and ether extract (fat) contents in the oven-dried leaves, compared with the air-dried ones. The leaves had crude protein contents of about 25.32%, similar to those of commonly used feed ingredients, thus, implying that it can be used as feed for livestock. Phytochemicals present in the leaves include Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Phenols and Terpenoids, and these could serve as therapeutic purposes in livestock species. The leaves however, had no alkaloids and glycosides, unlike similar plant species in Nigeria, thus, its use as livestock feed would pose no health threats to animals. It is recommended that V. amygdalina leaves should be used in livestock feeding trials, to document its effects on growth rates and disease resistance in livestock. Key words: Vernonia amygdalina, phytochemicals, mineral, crude protein contents.
{"title":"Proximate, mineral and phytochemical compositions of Vernonia amygdalina leaves grown under hot and humid tropical conditions","authors":"Moses Teye, V. Barku, Faustina F. Yeboah","doi":"10.5897/ajbr2019.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbr2019.1038","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the proximate and phytochemical compositions of Vernonia amygdalina leaves, to ascertain its nutritional potentials. V. amygdalina plants were cultivated, and the leaves were harvested at maturity, cleaned and apportioned into two; one portion was oven dried whilst the other was air-dried- all to a moisture content of about 15%. The dried samples were pulverized and used for proximate and phytochemical analysis. Data collected were subjected to two-sample T-test of GenStat Statistical Package (12th Edition). Results obtained show a significantly (p < 0.05) higher crude protein, dry matter, and ether extract (fat) contents in the oven-dried leaves, compared with the air-dried ones. The leaves had crude protein contents of about 25.32%, similar to those of commonly used feed ingredients, thus, implying that it can be used as feed for livestock. Phytochemicals present in the leaves include Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Phenols and Terpenoids, and these could serve as therapeutic purposes in livestock species. The leaves however, had no alkaloids and glycosides, unlike similar plant species in Nigeria, thus, its use as livestock feed would pose no health threats to animals. It is recommended that V. amygdalina leaves should be used in livestock feeding trials, to document its effects on growth rates and disease resistance in livestock. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Vernonia amygdalina, phytochemicals, mineral, crude protein contents.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75330742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Six strains of Trichoderma species isolated from soil and air samples were screened for extracellular L-glutaminase production. The highest enzyme producing isolate, Trichoderma longibrachiatum was subjected to screening and nutrients optimization experiments under solid state fermentation using a constant weight of African locust beans as substrate. A specific activity of 54.96 U/mg was achieved at 1% (w/v) glutamine, 0.5% (w/v) glucose, 1% (w/v) NaCl, pH 3.0 and 1.4 ml inoculums size respectively after 3 days of incubation at 27°C as the optimum condition for L–glutaminase production. Asides glutamine, other nitrogen sources; malt extract and ammonium sulphate had a negative influence on enzyme production likewise the supplemented sources of metal ions; zinc and iron (II) ions. Key words: Trichoderma, L-glutaminase, fermentation, African locust beans.
{"title":"Statistical optimization of Lglutaminase production by Trichoderma species under solid state fermentation using African locust beans as substrate","authors":"Musa Olatunji Olarewaju, H. Nzelibe","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2019.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2019.1024","url":null,"abstract":"Six strains of Trichoderma species isolated from soil and air samples were screened for extracellular L-glutaminase production. The highest enzyme producing isolate, Trichoderma longibrachiatum was subjected to screening and nutrients optimization experiments under solid state fermentation using a constant weight of African locust beans as substrate. A specific activity of 54.96 U/mg was achieved at 1% (w/v) glutamine, 0.5% (w/v) glucose, 1% (w/v) NaCl, pH 3.0 and 1.4 ml inoculums size respectively after 3 days of incubation at 27°C as the optimum condition for L–glutaminase production. Asides glutamine, other nitrogen sources; malt extract and ammonium sulphate had a negative influence on enzyme production likewise the supplemented sources of metal ions; zinc and iron (II) ions. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Trichoderma, L-glutaminase, fermentation, African locust beans.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85593330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Akinsanmi, O. Balogun, Johnson O. Titlayo, I. Longdet, A. C. John
This study sought to evaluate the behavioural and biochemical effects of Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS) on the oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. Drosophila melanogaster (both sexes) of 3 days old were exposed to various DSS incorporated diets at concentrations, 0.5 - 3.0% for a period of 14 days (Survival rate). The second phase comprised of 3 groups; Group I- Control (normal diet), Group II-0.5% DSS, and Group III – 1.0% DSS and fed for 5 days. Climbing activity and biochemical assays were then determined. The survival rates of the flies with concentrations above 1.0% were highly reduced. The induced oxidative stress caused by DSS showed an impaired climbing activity, a significant (p<0.05) increase in the catalase enzymatic activity and malondialdehyde content in both Groups II and III in relation to the flies in Group I (control). Also there was significant (p<0.05) inhibition of GST activity and reduction of total thiol contents in group III in comparison to the control. In conclusion, the DSS dose- dependent toxicity effect was revealed by the increase in the malondialdehyde contents and catalase enzymatic activity. Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, oxidative stress, pro-oxidant, antioxidant enzymes, dextran sodium sulphate.
{"title":"The pro-oxidant effect of dextran sodium sulphate on oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in Drososphila melanogaster","authors":"A. Akinsanmi, O. Balogun, Johnson O. Titlayo, I. Longdet, A. C. John","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2019.1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2019.1042","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to evaluate the behavioural and biochemical effects of Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS) on the oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. Drosophila melanogaster (both sexes) of 3 days old were exposed to various DSS incorporated diets at concentrations, 0.5 - 3.0% for a period of 14 days (Survival rate). The second phase comprised of 3 groups; Group I- Control (normal diet), Group II-0.5% DSS, and Group III – 1.0% DSS and fed for 5 days. Climbing activity and biochemical assays were then determined. The survival rates of the flies with concentrations above 1.0% were highly reduced. The induced oxidative stress caused by DSS showed an impaired climbing activity, a significant (p<0.05) increase in the catalase enzymatic activity and malondialdehyde content in both Groups II and III in relation to the flies in Group I (control). Also there was significant (p<0.05) inhibition of GST activity and reduction of total thiol contents in group III in comparison to the control. In conclusion, the DSS dose- dependent toxicity effect was revealed by the increase in the malondialdehyde contents and catalase enzymatic activity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, oxidative stress, pro-oxidant, antioxidant enzymes, dextran sodium sulphate.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77456316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The single step three-phase partitioning (TPP) method was evaluated for the purification of invertase from Momordica charantia. Optimum conditions for TPP method, that is, 70% ammonium sulfate saturation, 1:0.5 t-butanol ratio and 30 min incubation time lead to 20.28% efficiency and 10.48 fold partial purification. Total protein decreased from 34.86 mg to 0.68 mg in the homogenate, and the specific activity of the enzyme increased from 21.67 to 227.02 U/mg protein. The purified enzyme showed maximum activity in 0.3 M pH 5.0 buffer at 50°C. In conclusion, the optimized single step TPP method revealed better purification. Key words: Three-phase partitioning (TPP), invertase, Momordica charantia, enzyme purification.
对单步三相分割法纯化苦瓜转化酶进行了研究。TPP法的最佳工艺条件为硫酸铵饱和度70%，丁醇比1:0.5，培养时间30 min，效率20.28%，部分纯化率10.48倍。匀浆中总蛋白从34.86 mg降低到0.68 mg，酶比活性从21.67 U/mg蛋白提高到227.02 U/mg蛋白。纯化后的酶在0.3 M pH 5.0的缓冲液中在50°C下表现出最大的活性。综上所述，优化后的单步TPP法纯化效果较好。关键词:三相分割，转化酶，苦瓜，酶纯化
{"title":"Partial purification of invertase from Momordica charantia (bitter melon) by three phase partitioning (TPP) method","authors":"Nihan Kübra Belligün, B. Demir","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2019.1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2019.1033","url":null,"abstract":"The single step three-phase partitioning (TPP) method was evaluated for the purification of invertase from Momordica charantia. Optimum conditions for TPP method, that is, 70% ammonium sulfate saturation, 1:0.5 t-butanol ratio and 30 min incubation time lead to 20.28% efficiency and 10.48 fold partial purification. Total protein decreased from 34.86 mg to 0.68 mg in the homogenate, and the specific activity of the enzyme increased from 21.67 to 227.02 U/mg protein. The purified enzyme showed maximum activity in 0.3 M pH 5.0 buffer at 50°C. In conclusion, the optimized single step TPP method revealed better purification. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Three-phase partitioning (TPP), invertase, Momordica charantia, enzyme purification.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73966593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium chloride for 96 h under laboratory conditions using static bioassays with continuous aeration to determine its mean lethal concentration (LC50), biochemical alterations, bioaccumulation and histological pattern in a sub-lethal toxicity test. The median lethal concentration (LC50) at the end of the acute toxicity was 120.2 mgL-1. Also the toxicant led to significant (P liver > gill > muscle. The study concluded that cadmium is a potent pollutant that can cause severe damage in fish and hence man the final consumer. Key words: Clarias gariepinus, biochemical alterations, bioaccumulation, static bioassays, histopathology.
{"title":"Cadmium-induced toxicity and antioxidant enzyme responses in tissues and organs of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"Chisom Peter Osisiogu, O. Aladesanmi","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2018.0996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2018.0996","url":null,"abstract":"Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium chloride for 96 h under laboratory conditions using static bioassays with continuous aeration to determine its mean lethal concentration (LC50), biochemical alterations, bioaccumulation and histological pattern in a sub-lethal toxicity test. The median lethal concentration (LC50) at the end of the acute toxicity was 120.2 mgL-1. Also the toxicant led to significant (P liver > gill > muscle. The study concluded that cadmium is a potent pollutant that can cause severe damage in fish and hence man the final consumer. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Clarias gariepinus, biochemical alterations, bioaccumulation, static bioassays, histopathology.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"277 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90785110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to assess the immunomodulatory potentials [immunoglobulin E (IgE), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] of cement dust in individuals occupationally exposed to cement. Potentials of cement particles to modulate immune responses have not been documented in occupationally exposed Nigerians. Twenty-nine male cement loaders who had direct exposure to cement dust and gases for a period of 2 to 30 years in Elephant/Lafarge Cement Depot Ibadan, Nigeria, were recruited for this study. Another twenty apparently healthy individuals who had no interaction with cement served as controls. Plasma levels of IgE, IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined in them using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The results showed significantly (p 0.05) change in the cement loaders compared with controls. There was no significant (p>0.05) correlation between the IgE, IFN-γ, TNF-α and period of exposure in the cement loaders. Cement dust could evoke IgE production and possibly inhibit certain cell types secreting IFN-γ in occupationally exposed workers. Clinicians and researchers may need to rule out recent exposure to cement dust when working on type I hypersensitivity conditions. Key words: Cement, allergen, Interferon-γ, necrotic factor-alpha.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory effects of cement in exposed workers","authors":"M. Akiibinu, T. Oduola, F. Akinola","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2018.1021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2018.1021","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the immunomodulatory potentials [immunoglobulin E (IgE), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] of cement dust in individuals occupationally exposed to cement. Potentials of cement particles to modulate immune responses have not been documented in occupationally exposed Nigerians. Twenty-nine male cement loaders who had direct exposure to cement dust and gases for a period of 2 to 30 years in Elephant/Lafarge Cement Depot Ibadan, Nigeria, were recruited for this study. Another twenty apparently healthy individuals who had no interaction with cement served as controls. Plasma levels of IgE, IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined in them using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The results showed significantly (p 0.05) change in the cement loaders compared with controls. There was no significant (p>0.05) correlation between the IgE, IFN-γ, TNF-α and period of exposure in the cement loaders. Cement dust could evoke IgE production and possibly inhibit certain cell types secreting IFN-γ in occupationally exposed workers. Clinicians and researchers may need to rule out recent exposure to cement dust when working on type I hypersensitivity conditions. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cement, allergen, Interferon-γ, necrotic factor-alpha.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89131538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylvain Ilboudo, Hortense Some, G. Ouédraogo, F. Kini, S. Ouédraogo, I. Guissou
Considered safe because being from natural origin, plant products can exhibit toxic effects during their use. To ensure safe use of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae), plant widely used for its therapeutic potential, the phytochemical and safety profiles of its root wood were investigated. Standard tube characterization tests were used to highlight phytochemical groups of root wood of the plant. Acute and subacute toxicity tests were carried out in Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of sterols and triterpens, polyphenols, reducing compounds, and flavonoids in root wood of Annona senegalensis (A. senegalensis). In toxicological studies, the results indicate that the aqueous extract has a low acute toxicity with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg b.w. The results of subacute toxicity study indicate that the mice receiving 300 mg/kg b.w. of extract experienced mildly decreased body weights in comparison with the control in non-significant manner, especially at the fourth week. After 28 days of treatment, apart aspartate aminotransferase (AST), no significant changes were found in the blood serum biochemical parameters such as total proteins, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, creatinin, and lipid levels of the treated mice in comparision with the control group. In view of the current results, A. senegalensis root wood aqueous extract would be considered as safe in both acute and subacute exposure. However, long-term toxicity studies are needed for further toxicological profile elicitation of the plant, and a possible reinforcement of clinical relevance of the results of laboratory studies. Key words: Annona senegalensis, blood chemistry, Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice, phytochemical compounds, sex-related toxicity, traditional medicine.
{"title":"Phytochemical, acute and subacute toxicity studies of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) root wood extracts","authors":"Sylvain Ilboudo, Hortense Some, G. Ouédraogo, F. Kini, S. Ouédraogo, I. Guissou","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2019.1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2019.1030","url":null,"abstract":"Considered safe because being from natural origin, plant products can exhibit toxic effects during their use. To ensure safe use of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae), plant widely used for its therapeutic potential, the phytochemical and safety profiles of its root wood were investigated. Standard tube characterization tests were used to highlight phytochemical groups of root wood of the plant. Acute and subacute toxicity tests were carried out in Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of sterols and triterpens, polyphenols, reducing compounds, and flavonoids in root wood of Annona senegalensis (A. senegalensis). In toxicological studies, the results indicate that the aqueous extract has a low acute toxicity with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg b.w. The results of subacute toxicity study indicate that the mice receiving 300 mg/kg b.w. of extract experienced mildly decreased body weights in comparison with the control in non-significant manner, especially at the fourth week. After 28 days of treatment, apart aspartate aminotransferase (AST), no significant changes were found in the blood serum biochemical parameters such as total proteins, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, creatinin, and lipid levels of the treated mice in comparision with the control group. In view of the current results, A. senegalensis root wood aqueous extract would be considered as safe in both acute and subacute exposure. However, long-term toxicity studies are needed for further toxicological profile elicitation of the plant, and a possible reinforcement of clinical relevance of the results of laboratory studies. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Annona senegalensis, blood chemistry, Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice, phytochemical compounds, sex-related toxicity, traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81743745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Karfo, Elie Kabr e, Nadia Safir, Mounya Bouabdellah, Laila Benchekroun, Jean Sakand e, L. Chabraoui
Manual steps including preparation of samples and gel, and launching of automatic sequences can cause many difficulties in the interpretation of electrophoresis. Three observations of electrophoretic profiles on Hydragel 15β1-β2 agarose gel media led us to look for interference in the manual step of the technique used. After reconsidering all the steps of the manipulation and carefully observing the profiles obtained on the three plates of the agarose gel, the management of the deposition of the filter paper was identified as the cause in the first observation. The holding of the gel plate and the insufficient deposition of serum were identified as the main causes in the second observation. Mismanagement of the plate was identified as the cause in the third observation. All of these assumptions were confirmed by tests done on the bench. These observations remind us of the importance of the manual phase with semi-automatic devices for obtaining reliable results and for easy interpretation of results. Key words: Electrophoresis, migration, albumin, gamma, densitometer.
{"title":"Problems of interpretation of serum electrophoresis related to the manual phase during its realization with a semi-automatic automaton","authors":"R. Karfo, Elie Kabr e, Nadia Safir, Mounya Bouabdellah, Laila Benchekroun, Jean Sakand e, L. Chabraoui","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2018.1017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2018.1017","url":null,"abstract":"Manual steps including preparation of samples and gel, and launching of automatic sequences can cause many difficulties in the interpretation of electrophoresis. Three observations of electrophoretic profiles on Hydragel 15β1-β2 agarose gel media led us to look for interference in the manual step of the technique used. After reconsidering all the steps of the manipulation and carefully observing the profiles obtained on the three plates of the agarose gel, the management of the deposition of the filter paper was identified as the cause in the first observation. The holding of the gel plate and the insufficient deposition of serum were identified as the main causes in the second observation. Mismanagement of the plate was identified as the cause in the third observation. All of these assumptions were confirmed by tests done on the bench. These observations remind us of the importance of the manual phase with semi-automatic devices for obtaining reliable results and for easy interpretation of results. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Electrophoresis, migration, albumin, gamma, densitometer.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79959083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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