Orororo O. Clement, S. Asagba, Oghri Emus, Egbune E. Oliseneku
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is influenced by dietary components, such as fiber and minerals. Garden egg, carrot and oat are rich sources of fiber. Thus, this study examines the effect of Solanum melongena (garden egg), Daucus carota (carrot) and oat-supplements on selected biochemical parameters in the plasma and tissues of cadmium-exposed rats. Twenty-five healthy male Wistar rats (140±50 g) were distributed into five treatment groups in which rats in group one were not exposed to cadmium, and served as control while rats in group two were exposed to cadmium only in addition to their normal diet. Cadmium was administered by gastric intubation at a dose of 5 mg Cd/kg body weight as CdCl2. H2O was given three times a week for six weeks. Rats in Groups 3 to 5 were treated similarly with cadmium, but with their normal diet supplemented with 5% garden egg, carrot and oat, respectively. A significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the plasma/kidney of rats exposed to Cd, while a significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed in liver ALT/AST activity. Likewise, the levels of liver, kidney and intestine alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation were increased compared to the control. Conversely, feeding with garden egg, carrot and oat significantly (P<0.05) reversed these effects of cadmium, compared to rats maintained on cadmium only. The results suggest that garden egg, carrot and oat contain bioactive/antioxidant properties which help in ameliorating cadmium toxicity. Key words: Cadmium, lipid peroxidation, dietary fiber, carrot.
{"title":"Effects of garden egg, carrot and oat-supplements on biochemical parameters in cadmium exposed rats","authors":"Orororo O. Clement, S. Asagba, Oghri Emus, Egbune E. Oliseneku","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2016.0893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2016.0893","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is influenced by dietary components, such as fiber and minerals. Garden egg, carrot and oat are rich sources of fiber. Thus, this study examines the effect of Solanum melongena (garden egg), Daucus carota (carrot) and oat-supplements on selected biochemical parameters in the plasma and tissues of cadmium-exposed rats. Twenty-five healthy male Wistar rats (140±50 g) were distributed into five treatment groups in which rats in group one were not exposed to cadmium, and served as control while rats in group two were exposed to cadmium only in addition to their normal diet. Cadmium was administered by gastric intubation at a dose of 5 mg Cd/kg body weight as CdCl2. H2O was given three times a week for six weeks. Rats in Groups 3 to 5 were treated similarly with cadmium, but with their normal diet supplemented with 5% garden egg, carrot and oat, respectively. A significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the plasma/kidney of rats exposed to Cd, while a significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed in liver ALT/AST activity. Likewise, the levels of liver, kidney and intestine alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation were increased compared to the control. Conversely, feeding with garden egg, carrot and oat significantly (P<0.05) reversed these effects of cadmium, compared to rats maintained on cadmium only. The results suggest that garden egg, carrot and oat contain bioactive/antioxidant properties which help in ameliorating cadmium toxicity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cadmium, lipid peroxidation, dietary fiber, carrot.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73850303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a previous study, it was reported that Enterobacter aerogenes and four organic acids are involved in the alteration of black rice anthocyanins. To investigate the factors involved in altering the coloration of black rice anthocyanins, organic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, malonic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid) were individually added to potato dextrose agar medium containing black rice anthocyanins and cultured with E. aerogenes NBRC 13534 at 37°C for five days. As a result, the color change of black rice anthocyanins was found in the medium supplemented with caffeic acid or ferulic acid among the four organic acids. HPLC analysis of anthocyanins in each medium revealed three new peaks not found in the original black rice anthocyanins in the sample supplemented with caffeic acid. Also, two new peaks were observed in the medium supplemented with ferulic acid.
{"title":"Effect of organic acids on the alteration of black rice anthocyanins by Enterobacter aerogenes NBRC 13534","authors":"Yamamoto Keiko, Saigusa Noriaki, Teramoto Yuji","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2017.0982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2017.0982","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous study, it was reported that Enterobacter aerogenes and four organic acids are involved in the alteration of black rice anthocyanins. To investigate the factors involved in altering the coloration of black rice anthocyanins, organic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, malonic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid) were individually added to potato dextrose agar medium containing black rice anthocyanins and cultured with E. aerogenes NBRC 13534 at 37°C for five days. As a result, the color change of black rice anthocyanins was found in the medium supplemented with caffeic acid or ferulic acid among the four organic acids. HPLC analysis of anthocyanins in each medium revealed three new peaks not found in the original black rice anthocyanins in the sample supplemented with caffeic acid. Also, two new peaks were observed in the medium supplemented with ferulic acid.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83323531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Duru, C. Nwadike, Ahamefula Sunday Ezekwe, C. Nwaogwugwu, I. Eboagwu, Prince C. Odika, S. Njoku, C. Chukwudoruo
1 Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry Unit), Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria. 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. 3 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. 4 Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria. 5 Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Nigeria. 6 Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
{"title":"Evaluation of nutritional, anti-nutritional and some biochemical studies on Pleurotus squarrosulus (Mont.) singer using rats","authors":"M. Duru, C. Nwadike, Ahamefula Sunday Ezekwe, C. Nwaogwugwu, I. Eboagwu, Prince C. Odika, S. Njoku, C. Chukwudoruo","doi":"10.5897/ajbr2017.0925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbr2017.0925","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry Unit), Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria. 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. 3 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. 4 Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria. 5 Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Nigeria. 6 Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"7-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84035013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A detrimental consequence of industrial growth has been the steady increase in heavy metal pollution which has major, negative impacts on living organisms. Heavy metals still pose a significant health threat, despite the implementation of many strategies to reduce pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of zinc on the accumulation of some heavy metals in honeybees. Groups totalling 15 hives of Apis mellifera were included in this study. Group A was fed sugar syrup, Group B was fed sugar syrup with Cu, Cd and Pb, and Group C was fed sugar syrup with Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. Food stocks, number of mature worker bees, environment and colony management were standardised across the 15 hives. The data demonstrated that the co-administation of zinc to honeybees, exposed to heavy metals reduced Cu and Cd concentration in tissue samples, but had no effect on Pb concentration. Furthermore, Zn dietary supplementation was effective in reducing both the suppression of dopamine production and the negative effects of heavy metals on dopamine. The results of our study suggest that zinc supplementation in the diet of A. mellifera has a beneficial effect by reducing the cellular accumulation of some heavy metals. Key word: Environment, honeybee, heavy metal, toxicity, zinc.
{"title":"Preventive action of zinc against heavy metals toxicity in honeybee","authors":"C. Nisbet, A. Guler, N. Ormanci, S. Çenesiz","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2016.0921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2016.0921","url":null,"abstract":"A detrimental consequence of industrial growth has been the steady increase in heavy metal pollution which has major, negative impacts on living organisms. Heavy metals still pose a significant health threat, despite the implementation of many strategies to reduce pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of zinc on the accumulation of some heavy metals in honeybees. Groups totalling 15 hives of Apis mellifera were included in this study. Group A was fed sugar syrup, Group B was fed sugar syrup with Cu, Cd and Pb, and Group C was fed sugar syrup with Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. Food stocks, number of mature worker bees, environment and colony management were standardised across the 15 hives. The data demonstrated that the co-administation of zinc to honeybees, exposed to heavy metals reduced Cu and Cd concentration in tissue samples, but had no effect on Pb concentration. Furthermore, Zn dietary supplementation was effective in reducing both the suppression of dopamine production and the negative effects of heavy metals on dopamine. The results of our study suggest that zinc supplementation in the diet of A. mellifera has a beneficial effect by reducing the cellular accumulation of some heavy metals. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key word: Environment, honeybee, heavy metal, toxicity, zinc.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81444573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems has been reported to be a significant cause of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. More recently, ROS and in a particular ozone has also been implicated in the conversion of cholesterol to atherogenic compounds, secosterol A, and upon aldolization to secosterol-B. Secosterol-A is uniquely produced by cholesterol ozonolysis, while secosterol-B can also be generated through the reaction of cholesterol with singlet oxygen. On the other hand, lipid oxidation reactions generate hydroperoxides, which upon catalytic and/or enzymatic decomposition yields lipid peroxide products of significant importance to tissue health. The mechanism of formation of potent oxidants like ozone in biological systems has not been clearly demonstrated, with only a theory: That antibodies catalyze oxidation of water by singlet oxygen to yield a trioxidic species, like hydrogen trioxide, as an intermediate in hydrogen peroxide formation while a recent hypothesis indicates that ozone could also be an intermediate in the aforementioned pathway and could be generated from biological molecules in the presence of singlet oxygen. Similarly, there is new information being generated concerning the involvement of antioxidants and amino acids in either termination or propagation of oxidative processes in mammalian systems. This review explores mechanisms of ROS/ozone generation in tissues, lipid peroxidation, cholesterol oxidation and highlight dietary management of non-communicable diseases with a focus on the roles of antioxidants and amino acids. Key words: Ozone, singlet oxygen, antibodies, secosterol aldehydes, antioxidants.
{"title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, impacts on tissue oxidation and dietary management of non-communicable diseases: A review","authors":"G. Wanjala, A. Onyango, C. Onyango, M. Makayoto","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2017.0967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2017.0967","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems has been reported to be a significant cause of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. More recently, ROS and in a particular ozone has also been implicated in the conversion of cholesterol to atherogenic compounds, secosterol A, and upon aldolization to secosterol-B. Secosterol-A is uniquely produced by cholesterol ozonolysis, while secosterol-B can also be generated through the reaction of cholesterol with singlet oxygen. On the other hand, lipid oxidation reactions generate hydroperoxides, which upon catalytic and/or enzymatic decomposition yields lipid peroxide products of significant importance to tissue health. The mechanism of formation of potent oxidants like ozone in biological systems has not been clearly demonstrated, with only a theory: That antibodies catalyze oxidation of water by singlet oxygen to yield a trioxidic species, like hydrogen trioxide, as an intermediate in hydrogen peroxide formation while a recent hypothesis indicates that ozone could also be an intermediate in the aforementioned pathway and could be generated from biological molecules in the presence of singlet oxygen. Similarly, there is new information being generated concerning the involvement of antioxidants and amino acids in either termination or propagation of oxidative processes in mammalian systems. This review explores mechanisms of ROS/ozone generation in tissues, lipid peroxidation, cholesterol oxidation and highlight dietary management of non-communicable diseases with a focus on the roles of antioxidants and amino acids. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ozone, singlet oxygen, antibodies, secosterol aldehydes, antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78799625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ukegbu Chimere Young, P. Joshua, O. Nwodo, I. Okechukwu
The therapeutic effect of an alkaloid-rich fraction of the chloroform-methanol extract of Abrus precatorius seeds on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated in this study. The extract was fractionated in a 17.5 × 2.5 cm Sephadex G15 swollen, packed and eluted with water. The fractions were spotted on F2.54 pre-coated thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates and sprayed with Drangendorff’s reagent. The fractions that turned purple indicating the presence of alkaloids were pulled together and used in the study. Hepatotoxicity was induced using per oral 2500 mg/kg b.w. of paracetamol. Treatment with the fraction caused a dose-dependent significant decrease (p ˂ 0.05) in the activity of serum liver marker enzymes [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), bilirubin levels, serum urea, creatinine and Malondialdehyde (MDA)] concentrations when compared with the positive control, while there was a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the treated rats when compared with the positive control. The haematological parameters of the rats treated with fraction I showed significant increases (p˂0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) levels, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) count compared to the positive control. From these findings, the alkaloid-rich fraction had a therapeutic effect on the paracetamol-intoxicated rats but the standard drug used was more potent. Key words: Abrus precatorius, Sephadex, Drangendoff’s reagent, paracetamol.
{"title":"Therapeutic effect of an alkaloid-rich fraction of Abrus precatorius seed methanol extract on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats","authors":"Ukegbu Chimere Young, P. Joshua, O. Nwodo, I. Okechukwu","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2017.0937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2017.0937","url":null,"abstract":"The therapeutic effect of an alkaloid-rich fraction of the chloroform-methanol extract of Abrus precatorius seeds on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated in this study. The extract was fractionated in a 17.5 × 2.5 cm Sephadex G15 swollen, packed and eluted with water. The fractions were spotted on F2.54 pre-coated thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates and sprayed with Drangendorff’s reagent. The fractions that turned purple indicating the presence of alkaloids were pulled together and used in the study. Hepatotoxicity was induced using per oral 2500 mg/kg b.w. of paracetamol. Treatment with the fraction caused a dose-dependent significant decrease (p ˂ 0.05) in the activity of serum liver marker enzymes [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), bilirubin levels, serum urea, creatinine and Malondialdehyde (MDA)] concentrations when compared with the positive control, while there was a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the treated rats when compared with the positive control. The haematological parameters of the rats treated with fraction I showed significant increases (p˂0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) levels, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) count compared to the positive control. From these findings, the alkaloid-rich fraction had a therapeutic effect on the paracetamol-intoxicated rats but the standard drug used was more potent. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Abrus precatorius, Sephadex, Drangendoff’s reagent, paracetamol.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80812327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. M., A. G., N. Njayou F., Penlap V., F. W, L. S.
The antimicrobial activity of spices of human daily diet has been widely demonstrated. Yet, their capacity of promoting antibiotic activity has not been explored adequately. In this work, the chemical composition of essential oils of Piper nigrum and Syzygium aromaticum from Chad were determined and their antimicrobial effect in combination with different antibiotics towards Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhi were assessed. Moreover, the in vivo toxicity of the essential oils alone and in combination with antibiotics was performed. Results indicate that the essential oil of P. nigrum was mostly composed of limonene (18.59%), beta-pinene (11.51%), linalool (10.17%), alpha-pinene (9.96%), while for S. aromaticum essential oil, only three compounds represented about 89% of the identified compounds. They were respectively beta caryophyllene (43.63%), eugenol (42.67%) and alpha-humulene (3.73%). Regarding the antimicrobial properties, Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (EO) used alone was more active than P. nigrum EO with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 625 ppm towards all the strains. In combination with selected antibiotics, S. aromaticum gave better results with less indifference association, the best being with gentamicin. This association of the different EOs with gentamicin proved not to be acutely toxic to rats after 14 days of observation at doses ten times the MIC. These results indicated that spices used in human diets can be used for the production of hybrid drugs containing antibiotic and natural substances. Key words: Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum, antibiotic promotion, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, toxicity.
{"title":"Chemical composition, antibiotic promotion and in vivo toxicity of Piper nigrum and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil","authors":"I. M., A. G., N. Njayou F., Penlap V., F. W, L. S.","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2017.0955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2017.0955","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial activity of spices of human daily diet has been widely demonstrated. Yet, their capacity of promoting antibiotic activity has not been explored adequately. In this work, the chemical composition of essential oils of Piper nigrum and Syzygium aromaticum from Chad were determined and their antimicrobial effect in combination with different antibiotics towards Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhi were assessed. Moreover, the in vivo toxicity of the essential oils alone and in combination with antibiotics was performed. Results indicate that the essential oil of P. nigrum was mostly composed of limonene (18.59%), beta-pinene (11.51%), linalool (10.17%), alpha-pinene (9.96%), while for S. aromaticum essential oil, only three compounds represented about 89% of the identified compounds. They were respectively beta caryophyllene (43.63%), eugenol (42.67%) and alpha-humulene (3.73%). Regarding the antimicrobial properties, Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (EO) used alone was more active than P. nigrum EO with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 625 ppm towards all the strains. In combination with selected antibiotics, S. aromaticum gave better results with less indifference association, the best being with gentamicin. This association of the different EOs with gentamicin proved not to be acutely toxic to rats after 14 days of observation at doses ten times the MIC. These results indicated that spices used in human diets can be used for the production of hybrid drugs containing antibiotic and natural substances. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum, antibiotic promotion, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, toxicity.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"122 1","pages":"58-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76127778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Eskandarzade, E. Sabzevari, N. Kazemipour, S. Nazifi
{"title":"Regulatory role of 3-iodothyronamine in tissue-specific fatty acid uptake in mice","authors":"N. Eskandarzade, E. Sabzevari, N. Kazemipour, S. Nazifi","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2017.0926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2017.0926","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86397734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. M. Gueye, M. Djité, E. H. Ndour, Fatou Gueye-tall, N. Barry, A. Sarr, R. Diallo, P. L. Sall, A. Cissé, P. A. Diop
The aim of our research was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors on epileptic patients treated at the Fann University Hospital and to study the influence of haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism on disease progression. In order to do that, eighty-six (86) patients followed in neurology for at least 2 years were recruited. Each patient was matched to a control according to age and sex. Hp phenotyping was performed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, and lipid peroxidation was quantified by the dosage of the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS). The determination of a number of biochemical parameters was performed in both patients and controls. The evaluation of lipid parameters showed significant differences in total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and atherogenic index between patients and controls. For C-Reactive Protein-ultra sensible (CRP-us) values greater than 3 mg / L, a statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.009). The frequencies of the three major phenotypes of patients compared to controls has shown significant difference only for Hp2-2 phenotype (p = 0.042). The significant increase of TBARS for patients compared to controls suggested an oxidative mechanism. Results have shown a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases during the progression of epilepsy. The influence of Hp polymorphism in modulating oxidative stress suggests that taking antioxidants may have a beneficial effect, especially in patients of phenotype Hp2-2. Key words: Epilepsy, haptoglobin polymorphism, cardiovascular risks.
{"title":"Haptoglobin polymorphism and cardiovascular risk factors in followed epileptic patients at Fann National University Hospital","authors":"P. M. Gueye, M. Djité, E. H. Ndour, Fatou Gueye-tall, N. Barry, A. Sarr, R. Diallo, P. L. Sall, A. Cissé, P. A. Diop","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2017.0939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2017.0939","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our research was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors on epileptic patients treated at the Fann University Hospital and to study the influence of haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism on disease progression. In order to do that, eighty-six (86) patients followed in neurology for at least 2 years were recruited. Each patient was matched to a control according to age and sex. Hp phenotyping was performed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, and lipid peroxidation was quantified by the dosage of the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS). The determination of a number of biochemical parameters was performed in both patients and controls. The evaluation of lipid parameters showed significant differences in total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and atherogenic index between patients and controls. For C-Reactive Protein-ultra sensible (CRP-us) values greater than 3 mg / L, a statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.009). The frequencies of the three major phenotypes of patients compared to controls has shown significant difference only for Hp2-2 phenotype (p = 0.042). The significant increase of TBARS for patients compared to controls suggested an oxidative mechanism. Results have shown a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases during the progression of epilepsy. The influence of Hp polymorphism in modulating oxidative stress suggests that taking antioxidants may have a beneficial effect, especially in patients of phenotype Hp2-2. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Epilepsy, haptoglobin polymorphism, cardiovascular risks.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75038725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study involved the production of amylase from Aspergillus niger grown on yam peels in solid state fermentation. The process parameters: temperature, pH (initial) and incubation time were optimized for maximum amylase production using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Temperature was the most significant (p<0.05) parameter and the maximum interaction occurred between temperature and incubation time. The results of the study indicated that amylase is maximized (30.95 U/ml-min) at optimized levels of 49.53°C, 5.95 and 104 h for temperature, pH (initial) and incubation periods, respectively. Key words: Response surface methodology (RSM), Aspergillus niger, central composite design, solid state fermentation (ssf), amylase, production, optimization.
{"title":"Optimization of amylase production by Aspergillus niger cultivated on yam peels in solid state fermentation using response surface methodology","authors":"Samuel Kwatia, V. Dzogbefia, I. W. Ofosu","doi":"10.5897/AJBR2017.0941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBR2017.0941","url":null,"abstract":"The study involved the production of amylase from Aspergillus niger grown on yam peels in solid state fermentation. The process parameters: temperature, pH (initial) and incubation time were optimized for maximum amylase production using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Temperature was the most significant (p<0.05) parameter and the maximum interaction occurred between temperature and incubation time. The results of the study indicated that amylase is maximized (30.95 U/ml-min) at optimized levels of 49.53°C, 5.95 and 104 h for temperature, pH (initial) and incubation periods, respectively. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Response surface methodology (RSM), Aspergillus niger, central composite design, solid state fermentation (ssf), amylase, production, optimization.","PeriodicalId":7631,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biochemistry Research","volume":"65 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86505340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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