Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2021.04.001
Aiman Al Allaq, N. Jaksic, Hussein Ali Al-Amili, Dhuha Mohammed Mahmood
Virtual reality, VR, offers many benefits to technical education, including the delivery of information through multiple active channels, the addressing of different learning styles, and experiential-based learning. This paper presents work performed by the authors to apply VR to engineering education, in three broad project areas: virtual robotic learning, virtual mechatronics laboratory, and a virtual manufacturing platform. The first area provides guided exploration of domains otherwise inaccessible, such as the robotic cell components, robotic kinematics and work envelope. The second promotes mechatronics learning and guidance for new mechatronics engineers when dealing with robots in a safe and interactive manner. And the third provides valuable guidance for industry and robotic based manufacturing, allowing a better view and simulating conditions otherwise inaccessible.
{"title":"The The Application of Virtual Reality to (Mechatronics Engineering) by Creating an Articulated Robotic Work Cell Using EON Reality V9.22.24.24477","authors":"Aiman Al Allaq, N. Jaksic, Hussein Ali Al-Amili, Dhuha Mohammed Mahmood","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2021.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2021.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality, VR, offers many benefits to technical education, including the delivery of information through multiple active channels, the addressing of different learning styles, and experiential-based learning. This paper presents work performed by the authors to apply VR to engineering education, in three broad project areas: virtual robotic learning, virtual mechatronics laboratory, and a virtual manufacturing platform. The first area provides guided exploration of domains otherwise inaccessible, such as the robotic cell components, robotic kinematics and work envelope. The second promotes mechatronics learning and guidance for new mechatronics engineers when dealing with robots in a safe and interactive manner. And the third provides valuable guidance for industry and robotic based manufacturing, allowing a better view and simulating conditions otherwise inaccessible.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86901083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2021.01.001
Osamah Abdulateef
تم تصميم نموذج الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية للانتشار الخلفي باستخدام MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox للتنبؤ بخشونة سطح الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ على الوجهين بعد الخراطة المتعامدة باستخدام أداة قطع نوع كربيد غير مصقول. كانت متغيرات الإدخال هي معدل التغذية (f) وسرعة القطع (V) وعمق القطع (d) لكل من التجارب العملية ونموذج التوقع ((ANN ، بينما كان متغير الإخراج هو خشونة السطح (Ra). باستخدام طريقة تصميم Taguchi التجريبية ، تم الحصول على بنية ANN مثالية مع خوارزمية تدريب Levenberg-Marquardt. تم إجراء بحث حدودي باستخدام بنية ANN المحسنة للإبلاغ عن تأثير كل متغير تحول على خشونة السطح. تشير النتائج التي تم تحقيقها إلى أن ANN هي أداة متعددة الاستخدامات ويمكن توسيعها بسهولة وثقة أكبر لعمليات قطع المعادن المختلفة.
{"title":"Prediction of Surface Roughness after Turning of Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS)","authors":"Osamah Abdulateef","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"تم تصميم نموذج الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية للانتشار الخلفي باستخدام MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox للتنبؤ بخشونة سطح الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ على الوجهين بعد الخراطة المتعامدة باستخدام أداة قطع نوع كربيد غير مصقول. كانت متغيرات الإدخال هي معدل التغذية (f) وسرعة القطع (V) وعمق القطع (d) لكل من التجارب العملية ونموذج التوقع ((ANN ، بينما كان متغير الإخراج هو خشونة السطح (Ra). باستخدام طريقة تصميم Taguchi التجريبية ، تم الحصول على بنية ANN مثالية مع خوارزمية تدريب Levenberg-Marquardt. تم إجراء بحث حدودي باستخدام بنية ANN المحسنة للإبلاغ عن تأثير كل متغير تحول على خشونة السطح. تشير النتائج التي تم تحقيقها إلى أن ANN هي أداة متعددة الاستخدامات ويمكن توسيعها بسهولة وثقة أكبر لعمليات قطع المعادن المختلفة.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86833833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2021.12.003
A. Assi
This research aim to study the influence of aging heat treatment on the pitting corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steel (MSS), where a number of martensitic stainless steel specimens were subjected to solution treatment at 1100 oC for one hour followed by water quenching then aging in the temperatures range (500-750) oC for different holding times (1, 5, 10, 15 & 20) hr. Accelerated chemical corrosion test and immersion chemical corrosion test were performed on samples after heat treatment. The results of the research showed that the pitting corrosion resistance is significantly affected by the aging temperature. where samples that aged at 500 °C have the highest rate of corrosion due to an increase in the ratio of the Delta ferrite (δ-ferrite) and very soft precipitates from other phases of heterogeneous form in the basic martensitic phase; which leads to increase corrosion rate. From the other side, the aged samples in the temperature range (550–650) °C have the smaller rate of corrosion, this is due to the high volumetric ratio of remaining austenite. The aged samples at temperatures above 650 °C shows a medium corrosion rate. It was also found that the type of pits results from both the chemical corrosion tests and their shape were not related to the ferrite type and the carbides present in the microstructure.
{"title":"Influence of Aging Heat Treatment on Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Martensitic Stainless Steel","authors":"A. Assi","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2021.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2021.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"This research aim to study the influence of aging heat treatment on the pitting corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steel (MSS), where a number of martensitic stainless steel specimens were subjected to solution treatment at 1100 oC for one hour followed by water quenching then aging in the temperatures range (500-750) oC for different holding times (1, 5, 10, 15 & 20) hr. Accelerated chemical corrosion test and immersion chemical corrosion test were performed on samples after heat treatment. The results of the research showed that the pitting corrosion resistance is significantly affected by the aging temperature. where samples that aged at 500 °C have the highest rate of corrosion due to an increase in the ratio of the Delta ferrite (δ-ferrite) and very soft precipitates from other phases of heterogeneous form in the basic martensitic phase; which leads to increase corrosion rate. From the other side, the aged samples in the temperature range (550–650) °C have the smaller rate of corrosion, this is due to the high volumetric ratio of remaining austenite. The aged samples at temperatures above 650 °C shows a medium corrosion rate. It was also found that the type of pits results from both the chemical corrosion tests and their shape were not related to the ferrite type and the carbides present in the microstructure.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"20-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85001052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2021.11.002
O. H. Fadhil, M. Eisa, Dina Abdalrahman Salih, Ziad R. Nafeaa
In this paper, the ability of using corn leaves as low-cost natural biowaste adsorbent material for the removal of Indigo Carmen (IC) dye was studied. Batch mode system was used to study several parameters such as, contact time (4 days), concentration of dye (10-50) ppm, adsorbent dosage (0.05-0.25) gram, pH (2-12) and temperature (30-60) oC. The corn leaf was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy device before and after the adsorption process of the IC dye and scanning electron microscope device was used to find the morphology of the adsorbent material. The experimental data was imputing with several isotherms where it fits with Freundlich (R2 = 0.9937) and followed pseudo second order kinetic. The highest removal percent was equal to 91% of the dye which makes the corn leaves a suitable efficient material for the removal of IC dye from aqueous solutions.
{"title":"Adsorption of Indigo Carmen Dye by Using Corn Leaves as Natural Adsorbent Material","authors":"O. H. Fadhil, M. Eisa, Dina Abdalrahman Salih, Ziad R. Nafeaa","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2021.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2021.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the ability of using corn leaves as low-cost natural biowaste adsorbent material for the removal of Indigo Carmen (IC) dye was studied. Batch mode system was used to study several parameters such as, contact time (4 days), concentration of dye (10-50) ppm, adsorbent dosage (0.05-0.25) gram, pH (2-12) and temperature (30-60) oC. The corn leaf was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy device before and after the adsorption process of the IC dye and scanning electron microscope device was used to find the morphology of the adsorbent material. The experimental data was imputing with several isotherms where it fits with Freundlich (R2 = 0.9937) and followed pseudo second order kinetic. The highest removal percent was equal to 91% of the dye which makes the corn leaves a suitable efficient material for the removal of IC dye from aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90175129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2021.12.002
Sadiq T. Bunyan, Abed Al-Khadhim M. Hasan
The present experimental work is conducted to examine the influence of adding Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles and Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles each alone to diesel fuel on the characteristic of the emissions. The size of both Alumina and Titanium oxide nanoparticles which have been added to diesel fuel to obtain nano-fuel is about 20 nm and 25 nm respectively. Three doses of (Al2O3) and (TiO2) were prepared (25, 50 and 100) ppm. The nanoparticles mixed with gas oil fuel by mechanical homogenous (manual electrical mixer) and ultrasonic processor. The study reveals that the adding of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Titanium oxide (TiO2) to gas oil (Al2O3+DF) and (TiO2+DF) improves the emissions characteristic of engine such as CO emissions are reduced by 34.28% and 20.5% for TiO2+DF and Al2O3+DF respectively at 25ppm, the emissions of CO2 increased by about 1.75% and 2.27% for TiO2+DF and Al2O3+DF respectively at 100ppm, the emissions of NOx decreased by about 37.7% and 12.2% for TiO2+DF and Al2O3+DF respectively at 25ppm and the emissions UHC decreased by about 16.9% and 13.5% for TiO2+DF and Al2O3+DF respectively at 25ppm.
{"title":"Experimental Study of the Influence of Nanoparticles Additive to Diesel Fuel on the Emission Characteristics","authors":"Sadiq T. Bunyan, Abed Al-Khadhim M. Hasan","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2021.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2021.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"The present experimental work is conducted to examine the influence of adding Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles and Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles each alone to diesel fuel on the characteristic of the emissions. The size of both Alumina and Titanium oxide nanoparticles which have been added to diesel fuel to obtain nano-fuel is about 20 nm and 25 nm respectively. Three doses of (Al2O3) and (TiO2) were prepared (25, 50 and 100) ppm. The nanoparticles mixed with gas oil fuel by mechanical homogenous (manual electrical mixer) and ultrasonic processor. The study reveals that the adding of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Titanium oxide (TiO2) to gas oil (Al2O3+DF) and (TiO2+DF) improves the emissions characteristic of engine such as CO emissions are reduced by 34.28% and 20.5% for TiO2+DF and Al2O3+DF respectively at 25ppm, the emissions of CO2 increased by about 1.75% and 2.27% for TiO2+DF and Al2O3+DF respectively at 100ppm, the emissions of NOx decreased by about 37.7% and 12.2% for TiO2+DF and Al2O3+DF respectively at 25ppm and the emissions UHC decreased by about 16.9% and 13.5% for TiO2+DF and Al2O3+DF respectively at 25ppm.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82095885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2021.11.001
Sumai Hamd Jaffr
The aim of the present study was to distinguish between healthy children and those with epilepsy by electroencephalography (EEG). Two biomarkers including Hurst exponents (H) and Tsallis entropy (TE) were used to investigate the background activity of EEG of 10 healthy children and 10 with epilepsy. EEG artifacts were removed using Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter. As it hypothesize, there was a significant changes in irregularity and complexity in epileptic EEG in comparison with healthy control subjects using t-test (p< 0.05). The increasing in complexity changes were observed in H and TE results of epileptic subjects make them suggested EEG biomarker associated with epilepsy and a reliable tool for detection and identification of this disease in children. Generally, this study aims to provide an evident of a reliable biomarker to detect epilepsy in children to give them an additional chance to live a high quality life.
{"title":"Hurst Exponent and Tsallis Entropy Markers for Epileptic Detection from Children","authors":"Sumai Hamd Jaffr","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2021.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2021.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to distinguish between healthy children and those with epilepsy by electroencephalography (EEG). Two biomarkers including Hurst exponents (H) and Tsallis entropy (TE) were used to investigate the background activity of EEG of 10 healthy children and 10 with epilepsy. EEG artifacts were removed using Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter. As it hypothesize, there was a significant changes in irregularity and complexity in epileptic EEG in comparison with healthy control subjects using t-test (p< 0.05). The increasing in complexity changes were observed in H and TE results of epileptic subjects make them suggested EEG biomarker associated with epilepsy and a reliable tool for detection and identification of this disease in children. Generally, this study aims to provide an evident of a reliable biomarker to detect epilepsy in children to give them an additional chance to live a high quality life.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87289546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2021.12.001
A. Najah, F. Mustafa, Wisam S. Hacham
Products’ quality inspection is an important stage in every production route, in which the quality of the produced goods is estimated and compared with the desired specifications. With traditional inspection, the process rely on manual methods that generates various costs and large time consumption. On the contrary, today’s inspection systems that use modern techniques like computer vision, are more accurate and efficient. However, the amount of work needed to build a computer vision system based on classic techniques is relatively large, due to the issue of manually selecting and extracting features from digital images, which also produces labor costs for the system engineers. In this research, we present an adopted approach based on convolutional neural networks to design a system for quality inspection with high level of accuracy and low cost. The system is designed using transfer learning to transfer layers from a previously trained model and a fully connected neural network to classify the product’s condition into healthy or damaged. Helical gears were used as the inspected object and three cameras with differing resolutions were used to evaluate the system with colored and grayscale images. Experimental results showed high accuracy levels with colored images and even higher accuracies with grayscale images at every resolution, emphasizing the ability to build an inspection system at low costs, ease of construction and automatic extraction of image features.
{"title":"Building a High Accuracy Transfer Learning-Based Quality Inspection System at Low Costs","authors":"A. Najah, F. Mustafa, Wisam S. Hacham","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2021.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2021.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"Products’ quality inspection is an important stage in every production route, in which the quality of the produced goods is estimated and compared with the desired specifications. With traditional inspection, the process rely on manual methods that generates various costs and large time consumption. On the contrary, today’s inspection systems that use modern techniques like computer vision, are more accurate and efficient. However, the amount of work needed to build a computer vision system based on classic techniques is relatively large, due to the issue of manually selecting and extracting features from digital images, which also produces labor costs for the system engineers. In this research, we present an adopted approach based on convolutional neural networks to design a system for quality inspection with high level of accuracy and low cost. The system is designed using transfer learning to transfer layers from a previously trained model and a fully connected neural network to classify the product’s condition into healthy or damaged. Helical gears were used as the inspected object and three cameras with differing resolutions were used to evaluate the system with colored and grayscale images. Experimental results showed high accuracy levels with colored images and even higher accuracies with grayscale images at every resolution, emphasizing the ability to build an inspection system at low costs, ease of construction and automatic extraction of image features.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75672033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2020.10.002
Wisam S. Hacham, Faisal S. Hiji
The response of the combustor’s liner to the air-flow that passes through it is the key reason for the combustion chambers noise, hence the instabilities of those chambers that decreases the mechanical efficiency of such sections, by increased its mechanical vibrations, which increases the failure rate created during originating of the cracks spreading by the shakes producing by the series of high-level frequencies. Accordingly, any work debating the impact of the context of liners in the combustion chamber can provide grasping for the combustion noise generated by the undesirable vibrations, and benefits the industrial firms to design an ideal production procedure which increases the lifespan of the combustor. The goal of this work is to examine the influence of the acoustic treatment using a double layers cylindrical perforated liner on the acoustic transmission loss of gas turbines. The liners layout influences on this acoustic parameter was examined using an experimental data gained by the insertion of a full scale single and double patterns of perforated liners into the unique large scale acoustic wind tunnel at the acoustic research center at Hull University. The experimental tests under-designed acoustic signals were established firstly using 0m/s air cross-flow velocity, then by changed velocities with interval 5m/s ranging between 10m/s to 25m/s. MATLAB script was used to simulate, analyze, and figure out the data collected the insertion of single and double layer patterns of the perforated liner. The experiments demonstrated that, if the perforation acoustic treatments are applied, the acoustic transmission loss will decrease, particularly obvious at higher level frequencies. Further, the results exposed that the air tunnel with the insertion of the liner with double layers reveals an improved perforation acoustic treatment.
{"title":"Impact of using double layers perforated liners on the acoustic treatments on the combustor systems","authors":"Wisam S. Hacham, Faisal S. Hiji","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2020.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2020.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"The response of the combustor’s liner to the air-flow that passes through it is the key reason for the combustion chambers noise, hence the instabilities of those chambers that decreases the mechanical efficiency of such sections, by increased its mechanical vibrations, which increases the failure rate created during originating of the cracks spreading by the shakes producing by the series of high-level frequencies. Accordingly, any work debating the impact of the context of liners in the combustion chamber can provide grasping for the combustion noise generated by the undesirable vibrations, and benefits the industrial firms to design an ideal production procedure which increases the lifespan of the combustor. The goal of this work is to examine the influence of the acoustic treatment using a double layers cylindrical perforated liner on the acoustic transmission loss of gas turbines. The liners layout influences on this acoustic parameter was examined using an experimental data gained by the insertion of a full scale single and double patterns of perforated liners into the unique large scale acoustic wind tunnel at the acoustic research center at Hull University. The experimental tests under-designed acoustic signals were established firstly using 0m/s air cross-flow velocity, then by changed velocities with interval 5m/s ranging between 10m/s to 25m/s. MATLAB script was used to simulate, analyze, and figure out the data collected the insertion of single and double layer patterns of the perforated liner. The experiments demonstrated that, if the perforation acoustic treatments are applied, the acoustic transmission loss will decrease, particularly obvious at higher level frequencies. Further, the results exposed that the air tunnel with the insertion of the liner with double layers reveals an improved perforation acoustic treatment.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88047559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2020.10.001
Esraa M. Mohsin, Osamah Abdulateef, A. Al-Ashaab
Companies compete greatly with each other today, so they need to focus on innovation to develop their products and make them competitive. Lean product development is the ideal way to develop product, foster innovation, maximize value, and reduce time. Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) is an approved lean product improvement mechanism that builds on the creation of a number of alternative designs at the subsystem level. These designs are simultaneously improved and tested, and the weaker choices are removed gradually until the optimum solution is reached finally. SBCE implementations have been extensively performed in the automotive industry and there are a few case studies in the aerospace industry. This research describe the use of trade-off curve as a lean tool to support SBCE process model in CONGA project, using NASA simulation software version 1.7c and CONGA demonstration program (DEMO program) to help designers and engineers to extract the design solution where it exists according to the customer requirement and to extract alternative nearest solutions from the previous project that meet customer requirement to achieve low noise engine at an aerospace company and also extract the infeasible region where the designers cannot make any prototype in this region before manufacturing process begin, that will lead to reducing rework, time and cost.
{"title":"Applying Trade-off Curve to Support Set-Based Design application at an Aerospace Company","authors":"Esraa M. Mohsin, Osamah Abdulateef, A. Al-Ashaab","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2020.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2020.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Companies compete greatly with each other today, so they need to focus on innovation to develop their products and make them competitive. Lean product development is the ideal way to develop product, foster innovation, maximize value, and reduce time. Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) is an approved lean product improvement mechanism that builds on the creation of a number of alternative designs at the subsystem level. These designs are simultaneously improved and tested, and the weaker choices are removed gradually until the optimum solution is reached finally. SBCE implementations have been extensively performed in the automotive industry and there are a few case studies in the aerospace industry. This research describe the use of trade-off curve as a lean tool to support SBCE process model in CONGA project, using NASA simulation software version 1.7c and CONGA demonstration program (DEMO program) to help designers and engineers to extract the design solution where it exists according to the customer requirement and to extract alternative nearest solutions from the previous project that meet customer requirement to achieve low noise engine at an aerospace company and also extract the infeasible region where the designers cannot make any prototype in this region before manufacturing process begin, that will lead to reducing rework, time and cost.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"18 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91506046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.22153/KEJ.2020.09.003
N. Ghaeb
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is the refractive technique that began with a physical scraping of the epithelial layer of cornea subsequent by laser treatment. Post this procedure to about 48 hours the removed epithelial layer regenerated to protect the eye again. The regeneration process (called re-epithelization) started from the limbus of the cornea toward the central part of it. The re-epithelization mechanism consists of a change in cell density (mitosis) and cell concentration (migration) with a velocity in two directions: radial and tangential. In the present study, an estimation for both radial (responsible for the overlapped layers toward the outward direction of the cornea) and tangential components (contour shape wave from limbus to the center) has been done for the first time, not like the previous studies that always estimate the velocity values of the re-epithelization only. Results showed that the trend shape of both components agrees with the kinematic behaviour of the mitosis and migration, where the maximum cell density fluctuated toward the central part in exponential decay shape. For a healing diameter of 2mm, the maximum redial velocity was 16.85 µm/h, while the maximum tangential velocity was 55.48 µm/h. These two components give a speed of re-epithelization of 58 µm/h which agrees with the biological and practical healing speed measured of 60 µm/h. Estimating these two components will open the way to understand the relationship between the total epithelial layer required and the total healing time to control the medication period for the patient post-surgery.
{"title":"Studying the Radial and Tangential Velocity Components of the Epithelization Healing Post Photorefractive Keratectomy Surgery of the Human Eye","authors":"N. Ghaeb","doi":"10.22153/KEJ.2020.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/KEJ.2020.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is the refractive technique that began with a physical scraping of the epithelial layer of cornea subsequent by laser treatment. Post this procedure to about 48 hours the removed epithelial layer regenerated to protect the eye again. The regeneration process (called re-epithelization) started from the limbus of the cornea toward the central part of it. The re-epithelization mechanism consists of a change in cell density (mitosis) and cell concentration (migration) with a velocity in two directions: radial and tangential. In the present study, an estimation for both radial (responsible for the overlapped layers toward the outward direction of the cornea) and tangential components (contour shape wave from limbus to the center) has been done for the first time, not like the previous studies that always estimate the velocity values of the re-epithelization only. Results showed that the trend shape of both components agrees with the kinematic behaviour of the mitosis and migration, where the maximum cell density fluctuated toward the central part in exponential decay shape. For a healing diameter of 2mm, the maximum redial velocity was 16.85 µm/h, while the maximum tangential velocity was 55.48 µm/h. These two components give a speed of re-epithelization of 58 µm/h which agrees with the biological and practical healing speed measured of 60 µm/h. Estimating these two components will open the way to understand the relationship between the total epithelial layer required and the total healing time to control the medication period for the patient post-surgery.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85275009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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