Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie最新文献

The article refers to the pathological problem of severe psychic disturbed patients (with: borderline syndromes/pathological narcism/character neurosis/basic faults and/or disorders of ego structure). The author refers to countertransferences and acting out of affects and reports on the changes and possibilities in the therapy of these patients. The therapists fundamental attitude will be described and supplemented by favouring a treatment in day-hospital-settings. Basic literature has been compiled and is reported as survey.

For 180 patients suffering alcohol-withdrawal induced delirium, electrolytic concentration in the serum of Na, K, Ca, and Mg was determined in the early withdrawal phase, and the electroencephalograms of 95 delirium patients evaluated in respect of local and diffuse changes and epileptic activity, and compared in delirium patients with and without initial seizures. Delirium patients who had initial seizures suffered significantly longer-lasting periods of delirium and significantly more frequent electrolytic changes in the form of hypomagnesemia and hypopotassemia (hypokalemia). There was no significant difference in the EEG changes. A temporary metabolic disorder in the initial phase of the two-phase withdrawal process should be assumed to be the cause of seizures during alcohol withdrawal, and the pathogenetic significance of hypomagnesemia and hypopotassemia should be taken into consideration.

The mental side-effects of long-term anticonvulsant medication are still not widely enough known. The paper describes the case of a depressive syndrome induced in a nine-year-old boy, with complex localised attacks and secondary generalisation, which completely receded on treatment with Convulsofin.

A case of juvenile hereditary chorea is reported on in which there was repeated sexual delinquency. Our point of view in respect of psychopathological and forensic aspects of the disorder is set out.

In recent years, som noted authors have been reappraising the distinctive features of the history of psychiatry, setting out its relationship to social history. Trends and models, and the legal basic of psychiatric care are demonstrated, taking the early days of psychiatry in Prussia as an example. In the first half of the 19th century there was in Prussia an especially coherent development from the dual-purpose mental hospital/mental home arrangement (Neuruppin), through total separation of asylum from hospital from home for incurables (Siegburg, Leubus) inaugurated by Langermann, to the more or less linking of asylum with hospital with home for incurables (Nietleben) under Damerow.

The use of glass slides coated with the cationic polymer polydimethyldiallylammonium-chlorid for cell enrichment procedures results in an increasing number of cells on the slicks and changed quantitative results of cell differentiation. These investigations are important for quantitative analysis of cell populations.

BAEP studies hint at different neurophysiological findings between gamma and delta alcoholics. On the first day of withdrawal gamma alcoholics show slight vegetative withdrawal symptoms in the form of CNS hyperexitability trough the shortening of the early IPL. However delta alcoholics show prolongations of the late IPL which can be interpreted as a consequence of brain stem transmission disorders resulting from chronic intoxication. After four weeks the BAEP deviations found in both groups indicate a clear tendency of recovery which points to functional disorders.

A survey of the literature is given on methodological problems associated with, and results of, the clinical diagnosis of personality in school age with questionnaires for self-evaluation. Further is given an outline of a number of major personality inventories used in (german) practice. Finally are presented the results of validation and standardisation gained with two children's inventories (PF/SF) for the multidimensional registration of psychic and social features of behaviorally disturbed children.

154 autopsy cases of alcoholics (120 men and 34 women) were investigated from a neuropathological viewpoint. In only 19 cases could typical diseases of the nervous system caused by alcoholism be found (Wernicke's encephalopathy, central pontine myelinolysis, Marchiafava-Bignami's disease and disorders of the peripheral nerves and muscles). In comparison liver diseases occurred almost five times more frequently in our own material. Diseases caused by alcoholism of the nervous system, the question of brain shrinkage and its partial reversibility, the up to now not completely known effects on the neurophil and cortical cytoarchitectonic are discussed according to the literature.

This paper reports on the application in practice of a program for diagnosis and basic cognitive achievement training. The program concentrates on performance and its growth in children with encephalopathy-typical behavior. It is demonstrated how deficient cognitive performance may be influenced by level-raising training and transfer effects.