Revista de sanidad e higiene publica最新文献

Background: The triage is a procedure for casualties classification using some criteria (severity, survival, therapeutical delay, etc.) which is basic for the preparedness of health personnel in event of disaster. Even being a basic procedure, its teaching and training is not enough extended among health personnel. The goal of this study was assess the efficacy of teaching triage procedures in terms of its capability to carry out the examination and classification of massive casualties under different conditions of environmental difficulties.

Methods: 25 couples of health professionals (doctor and nurse) were trained during 90 minutes on triage procedures and them aleatory located at 3 groups with 12 simulated casualties at each group corresponding to 3 different levels of environmental difficulties. They were asked to perform the triage and complete the information contained at the triage card. This information was analyzed in order to see and compare the results of each group.

Results: All the health professionals showed high correlations between observed and expected responses for the evacuation priority variable. However, only the group of less environmental difficulty showed a significative statistical correlation (p = 0.03). No significative statistical differences were found on the diagnostic classification but the adjust level was poor for the high environmental difficulties group.

Conclusions: Acceptable levels of efficacy on triage procedures can be obtained using a single teaching session of theoretical contents plus a practical exercise, specially for the casualties prioritization. On the other hand, environmental conditions looks as a variable influencing the efficacy of other acceptable results expected on this kind of technic perhaps requiring further training.

Background: Hydatidosis constitutes a serious Public Health problem in the Province of Rio Negro, Argentine. This situation has promoted the implementation of a Control Programme, carried out in 1979. The accumulated experience of 13 years works is presented in this study.

Methods: The strategy used is that of the Primary Health Care; and community participation is a fundamental component of the programme as well as local planning and the approach of risk in the allocation of resources. The activities included the systematic dogs deparasitation with Praziquantel, carried out by health agents from the system rural hospitals (health promoters not professional staff); the surveillance of dogs rate of infection by means of diagnostic deparasitations made with hydrobromide or arecoline, educational talks at schools, the use of mass media, an the determination of ovine parasitism in studies carried out in the area abattoirs.

Results: The information registered indicates that 1,86,156 dog deparasitations with Praziquantel were carried out with a consumption of 443,533 tablets and 11,178 deparasitations with hydrobromide and Arecoline. A continuous decrease of rates appears during the Period 1979-1992. So, dog Echinococcosis was reduced from 41.5% to 4.24% and ovine Hydatidosis from 61% to 12.7%. Consequently, Human Hydatidosis has decreased from an incidence rate of 64.11 x 100,000 in the age group of 0 to 10 years to and incidence rate of 4.46 x 100,000.

Conclusions: Finally, the results of the Programme are analyzed in the light of other global experiences of control; and the strategies that should be put into practice in the future with a view to a final limitation of the rate of transmission to man are analyzed.

Background: To get an initial knowledge about the morbidity by workplace accidents in health related personal (hospital and primary attention) in Leon province.

Methods: Retrospective study relative to workplace accidents with time off work result, in health related personal, in Leon province, for 1990.

Results: We have observed a rate of workplace accidents in health related personal (31, 4/1000) smaller than general workers in Leon province (63, 3/1000), Castilla y Leon community (44, 7/1000) and Spain (59, 8/1000). The rate in female population (37, 4/1000) was higher than the rate in men (21,7/1000). By jobs, the attendant an maintenance personal, had more accidents (rate of 118/1000). The most frequent mechanism was "fall" (38.2%). The most frequent lesion was "swerve" (38.2%). About the part of the body, the most injured were superior members (30.9%) and inferior members (30%), 93.7% of workplace accidents were qualified as slight accidents.

Conclusions: The health related personal have a lower rate of accidents than general workers. The risk of workplace accident is directly related with job and place of work. The slight pathological result is most frequent.

Background: To obtain corrected estimates of the cumulative incidence and mortality, as well as prevalence of AIDS in Spain on June 1992.

Methods: The number of cases in the National Register of AIDS by December 1992 was adjusted for reporting delays to estimate the cumulative incidence by June 1992. The prevalence and mortality in this date were obtained using this figure and the probabilities of survival after diagnosis from the AIDS Register of Madrid. This methodology was used for Spain as all, and for each Autonomous Community.

Results: The estimated cumulative incidence of AIDS in Spain by June 1992 was 16,486 cases, 13.4% greater than that reported by the same date. The prevalent cases were 6,351 (95% CI, 5,996-6,708) and the remaining 10,135 (61.5%) would have died. This number of deaths is 69.6% greater than the reported figure. There were considerable differences among Autonomous Communities. Some of them exhibited rates more than six times greater than others.

Conclusions: The adjusted estimations provide a view of the actual situation more accurate than the raw figures from the register. These great differences should be taken into account for appropriate allocation of health care resources.

Background: To describe health behavior of students about diet, alcohol and tobacco, dental-oral hygiene, leisure time activities and interpersonal relations.

Methods: 942 Students have been carried out. Children come from six schools of the town of Parla (in the south of Madrid). They are from 9 to 14 years old. The instruments have been made for this study, helping by teachers of EGB.

Results: 50% of the students doesn't eat any food at 12 o'clock, after drinking a glass of milk only at breakfast (8 o'clock). 10% never eats greens. 37% of the children in the upper level drinks alcohol sometimes and, in the same level, 12% smokes sometimes. Around 25% of children brush their teeth three times in the day. The students watch television three hours and half, means, in the day. The communication with the teacher is evaluated from "not too bad" to "bad" by 70% of the students of upper level. 42% and 39.4% of the children talks about abortion and contraceptives, respectively, with nobody.

Conclusions: In general, girls have better habits than boys. Only exercise is more prevalent in the boys than in the girls.

Background: Many bibliographical references suggest reserves of Vibrio cholerae in the aquatic world, strains of both the serovariety no 01 and 01 having been isolated in different parts of the globe in fresh and extensive salt waters.

Methods: Samples were taken monthly from January to May and from October to December, and every fortnight from June to September. The method of isolation applied is in accordance with the standard set down by the Institute of Health Carlos III, with some specific modifications.

Results: During the period 90/91, routine analyses carried out by the Andalusian Service of Health of waters from the area of the Continental Basin in the province of Seville showed the presence of Vibrio cholerae 01. In the same way, during the complete annual cycle Vibrio cholerae no 01 was also isolated.

Conclusions: These isolations did not coincide with outbreaks or individual cases of cholera, so the authors, in agreement with what is described in the bibliography, consider that Vibrio cholerae no 01 forms a part of certain aquatic environments, which is in direct relation to environmental isolations of the serovariety 01.