Stomatologiia. Stomatology最新文献

The author shares his own experience in application of bioceramic implants in the treatment of small defects of dentition. According to the author, the bioceramic implants are preferable to the ordinary treatment methods in the restoration of small defects in the frontal region of dentition in case of strict adherence to the indications.

The signs and varieties of the teeth, dentitions and maxillar bones are described that could be used for identification. The anatomic, morphological, physiological and functional signs upon the teeth are so numerous that, according to the formula of submultitudes, their possible combinations are calculated in millions, hence they are strictly individual and unique. By the twins method it has been confirmed that many signs and varieties of the teeth and some dental-jaw anomalies and defects are hereditary, with a rather high predomination of hereditary factors over the factors of environment. It has been established tahat the theoretical problems for identification and differentation the humans by the teeth and dention are rather well and reliably studied and described but for the needs of forensic medicine and criminology specific methods have to be developed.

The great number of subjects in the former Mihajlovgrad district, asking for repair of removable dentures, provided grounds the author to study clinically that problem. A total of 324 subjects, aged from 16 to 90, with 320 prostheses were inquired according to various indices. Interstings facts and regularities were established necessitating an original prophylactic activity for reduction of the number of breakings and prolongation the functional fitness of the plaque partial prosthesis, in mass use in the practice. The upper prostheses are broken three times more often than the lower ones. The partial prostheses are broken 1.7 times more than the total. Almost half of all broken prostheses (47.38%) are upper partial. The most frequent defect is a broken prosthesis with complete separation of the fragments (56.20%). The cracked prostheses are 21%. Two thirds of all prostheses received (65%) are repaired more than once and 1/3 of all prostheses are repaired 3 and more than 3 times. Treatment with practically healed prostheitic field has been performed in only 20 per cent of the subjects. The author proposes a simultaneous laboratory lining in cases of broken old prostheses and the existence of great changes in the prosthetic field. Close attention is recommended in the clinical design and laboratory making of the upper partial prosthesis.

The authors carried out an epidemiological study on dental caries and periodontium state of 247 students from HChTI "A. Zlatarov--Burgas in an age standardized group of 20-24 years. WHO index CPITN was used for the determination of periodontium state. The data from the study reveal that the epidemicity of the dental caries in the group examined reaches to 97.98% with an intensity of 7.89. A total of 26.03% of the carious teeth have not been treated and 40.90% from the students have extracted teeth. Only 19.71% of the females and 4.54% of the males have 3 or more sound sextants according to CPITN. Those data raise the problem of the necessity of complex prophylactic measures among the students.

Changes are proposed in the technology and construction of the elastic open activator of Clamt aiming at its improved clinical application. In order not to stand in the way of the cutting of the permanent lateral teeth as well as of their correct arrangement after their cutting, the vestibular bars are proposed to come out lingually in the space between the upper and lower teeth at the approximate level of the expected occlusion plane after the cutting of the teeth. In case of retrusion of the frontal teeth, the vestibular bars are made compensatory omega-like bends which allow an easy and fast correction of the frontal part of the bar with no change vertically. Similar omega-like compensatory bends are used also for the correction of the proposed wire elements that support the pelota for the stimulation of the development of the apical base in the frontal region.

A device for the treatment of dental-jaw deformities with teeth in medio- disto- and transposition is proposed. The device is successfully applied for pushing of teeth, in medio- and disto-position, to their normal place along the dentition. A modification of an intraoral apparatus, the device proposed is a combination of a palatal plaque with a segment guaranteeing one-way pushing of single teeth medially or distally, depending of the deformity. It is distinguished for its light technological manufacture of materials with low prime cost. Its better effectiveness and applicability than the so far known orthodontic apparatuses have been confirmed on the base of data reported about clinical, paraclinical and X-ray studies of children with dental-jaw deformities--healed.

Two clinical cases are presented in the paper with one of the most common defects of dentitions as an indication for implantation-prosthesis--the absence of the upper central incisors as a results from acute trauma. A good functional and aesthetic effect has been attained. The constructions are in good order and have no changes in the teeth and implants during the almost two-year period.

Traumatic aneurysms of the peripheral arteries are observed exceptionally rarely. With the localization in the maxillofacial region it presents a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. The authors report the successful treatment of a patient with traumatic aneurysm of facial artery, directing the attention to the necessity of a diagnostic puncture in case of traumatic swelling with pulsations.