Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.231.237
J. Afiukwa, A. Eboatu
Studies were carried out between June through December, 2007 to evaluate the quality of rural water supply for drinking in Ebonyi South Zone of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The rural communities of Ekoli Edda and Ozizza in Afikpo South L.G.A and parts of Okposi in Ohaozara L.G.A depend solely on spring water for their domestic needs. Samples from seven spring water sources in these areas were analyzed for some physico-chemical and microbial parameters by standard methods. Concentrations of some heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results of the chemical analysis compared favourably with the WHO standard for drinking water, except for the relatively high concentration of iron in samples SE 5 (0.79 mg/L) and SE 6 (0.58 mg/L), and the exceedingly high phosphate concentrations, ranging from 0.25 - 1.6mg/L in all the samples as against the WHO permissible limit of 0.1mg/L. The bacteriological analyses however revealed about 40% total coliform bacteria contamination, varying between 0 - 4 MPN/100 ml of water in five out of the seven samples tested. The mean total hardness ranged from 8 - 26 mgCaCO3 /L indicating that the water is soft. The pH ranged from 4.2 - 5.6 and 4.5 - 6.0 at the rainy and dry seasons respectively, with an average pH of 5.1 + 0.48 during the rainy seasons and 5.6 + 0.58 at the dry seasons. This study provides baseline information on the spring water situation in Ebonyi South and suggested an alternative method of harnessing the natural water.
{"title":"Analysis of spring water quality in Ebonyi South Zone and its health impact","authors":"J. Afiukwa, A. Eboatu","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.231.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.231.237","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were carried out between June through December, 2007 to evaluate the quality of rural water supply for drinking in Ebonyi South Zone of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The rural communities of Ekoli Edda and Ozizza in Afikpo South L.G.A and parts of Okposi in Ohaozara L.G.A depend solely on spring water for their domestic needs. Samples from seven spring water sources in these areas were analyzed for some physico-chemical and microbial parameters by standard methods. Concentrations of some heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results of the chemical analysis compared favourably with the WHO standard for drinking water, except for the relatively high concentration of iron in samples SE 5 (0.79 mg/L) and SE 6 (0.58 mg/L), and the exceedingly high phosphate concentrations, ranging from 0.25 - 1.6mg/L in all the samples as against the WHO permissible limit of 0.1mg/L. The bacteriological analyses however revealed about 40% total coliform bacteria contamination, varying between 0 - 4 MPN/100 ml of water in five out of the seven samples tested. The mean total hardness ranged from 8 - 26 mgCaCO3 /L indicating that the water is soft. The pH ranged from 4.2 - 5.6 and 4.5 - 6.0 at the rainy and dry seasons respectively, with an average pH of 5.1 + 0.48 during the rainy seasons and 5.6 + 0.58 at the dry seasons. This study provides baseline information on the spring water situation in Ebonyi South and suggested an alternative method of harnessing the natural water.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"8 15 1","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80449370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.191.194
S. Jastaniah, W. Shirbeeny, B. Shakhreet
We explore new methods for medical education using digital signal processing to simulate heart beats and compare normal and abnormal heart pulses. In this work the healthy heart is replaced by a fixed heart-like pulse generator as an AD/DA converter. A visual basic code with friendly interface is written for this purpose. Additionally, abnormal heart beat corresponding to different heart disease were simulated using a waveform generator that allowed production of variable signals we stored in its library. Both of the normal and abnormal heart pulses were displayed using PC oscilloscope. Medical students are allowed to select the heart beats from a drop menu for diseases and compare the characteristics e.g. time intervals, pulse amplitudes and pulse shape deformation with the already displayed healthy heart beats. We believe our teaching methodology enhances the way knowledge are introduced to students in order to meet their educational preferences.
{"title":"Digital signal processing to simulate heart beats as a medical education tools","authors":"S. Jastaniah, W. Shirbeeny, B. Shakhreet","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.191.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.191.194","url":null,"abstract":"We explore new methods for medical education using digital signal processing to simulate heart beats and compare normal and abnormal heart pulses. In this work the healthy heart is replaced by a fixed heart-like pulse generator as an AD/DA converter. A visual basic code with friendly interface is written for this purpose. Additionally, abnormal heart beat corresponding to different heart disease were simulated using a waveform generator that allowed production of variable signals we stored in its library. Both of the normal and abnormal heart pulses were displayed using PC oscilloscope. Medical students are allowed to select the heart beats from a drop menu for diseases and compare the characteristics e.g. time intervals, pulse amplitudes and pulse shape deformation with the already displayed healthy heart beats. We believe our teaching methodology enhances the way knowledge are introduced to students in order to meet their educational preferences.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"127 1","pages":"191-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86408291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.183.190
M. E. Nour, S. Yagoub
The work aimed to study the diastatic power (PD) of millet malt, to purify the α and β – amylases and to characterize these enzymes. In this study the amylolytic activity initiated during the germination of millet was determined. Fourth day of germination of millet grains showed the highest of the amount of diastatic power (DP) (54.00 IOB), no significant variation (P≤ 0.05) between the extraction procedures followed either by distilled water or water with 2% peptone. DEAE-cellulose chromatography was used for the partial purification of α-and β- amylases. The results obtained from the last purification steps is 6.5o fold of α-amylase in fifth day of germination, whereas β-amylase is 37.50 fold in fourth day of germination. These amylases isolated from millet malt have interesting characteristics such as, storage stability of purified α and β- amylases at different temperature (-20 and 4oC) for 56 days. No significant loss (P≤0.05) in the enzymes activity during the storage period for 56 days in - 20oC, whereas the loss of enzyme activity at 4oC during the period of 56 days were 28% for α and 35% for β-amylases. The maximum activity of α-amylase was obtained at temperature 70oC and 50oC for βamylase, it was clear that the α –amylase is more stable than β-amylase. The optimum pH for both α and β- amylases were 5.0 and 5.5 respectively. Therefore, these characterizations meet the prerequisites need for food industry. This work contributed with the advances in biotechnology generating of conditions for application of a new and of low price amylases source.
{"title":"Purification and Characterization of α and β- Amylases Isolated from Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) Malt","authors":"M. E. Nour, S. Yagoub","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.183.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.183.190","url":null,"abstract":"The work aimed to study the diastatic power (PD) of millet malt, to purify the α and β – amylases and to characterize these enzymes. In this study the amylolytic activity initiated during the germination of millet was determined. Fourth day of germination of millet grains showed the highest of the amount of diastatic power (DP) (54.00 IOB), no significant variation (P≤ 0.05) between the extraction procedures followed either by distilled water or water with 2% peptone. DEAE-cellulose chromatography was used for the partial purification of α-and β- amylases. The results obtained from the last purification steps is 6.5o fold of α-amylase in fifth day of germination, whereas β-amylase is 37.50 fold in fourth day of germination. These amylases isolated from millet malt have interesting characteristics such as, storage stability of purified α and β- amylases at different temperature (-20 and 4oC) for 56 days. No significant loss (P≤0.05) in the enzymes activity during the storage period for 56 days in - 20oC, whereas the loss of enzyme activity at 4oC during the period of 56 days were 28% for α and 35% for β-amylases. The maximum activity of α-amylase was obtained at temperature 70oC and 50oC for βamylase, it was clear that the α –amylase is more stable than β-amylase. The optimum pH for both α and β- amylases were 5.0 and 5.5 respectively. Therefore, these characterizations meet the prerequisites need for food industry. This work contributed with the advances in biotechnology generating of conditions for application of a new and of low price amylases source.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"183-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82492570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.195.200
A. Bukar, U. Abjah, M. Kagu, A. Ladu, S. Zailani, M. Malah, B. Denue
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a globally widespread genetic disorder affecting 5% of the world’s over 6 billion people. Parvovirus infection and the resulting aplastic crisis is a recognised complication in individuals with SCA. Aplastic crisis increases the need for blood transfusion and its attendant risk of Transfusion Transmissible Infection (TTI). Hence there is a vicious cycle in which Parvovirus B19 causes aplastic crisis which in turn causes increased transfusion need; and transfusion increases risk of transfusion transmissible infection in which parvovirus B19 is included in certain parts of the world. Sickle cell anaemia is associated with foetal death and infection with parvovirus B19 increases the risk to early mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 among SCA and compare with that of controls in the study area. Furthermore clinical and laboratory profile of subjects were analysed to identify possible correlation with parvovirus B19 seropositivity and explore the possibility of involvement of white cell and platelets. A total of 90 subjects comprising 45 consecutive SCA case subjects and 45 age- and sex- matched non SCA controls were studied in a cross sectional comparative study. Ten millilitres of blood was drawn from the antecubital fossa of each subject after obtaining informed consent. The 10mls of blood was divided into two aliquots, 4.5 mls was added into EDTA anticoagulated bottle and was used for basic complete blood count (CBC), while the remaining 5mls was added into a plain specimen container allowed to clot and serum obtained to test for anti- parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM using an immunochromatography based technique specifically BIOCARD TM Parvo B19 diagnostic test kit. There was male preponderance in the study. The SCA subjects comprised 26 males and 19 females (male to female ratio = 1.4:1), while the non- SCA controls comprised 25 males and 20 females (male to female ratio 1.3:1).. The analysis of anti- parvovirus B19 IgG antibody revealed a prevalence of 23.3% among SCA cases with 18.9% among controls. The haematological profile is not affected by IgG seropositivity. However pregnancy outcome revealed that the total number of stillbirths is 12 among IgG seropositive SCA cases which is higher than the 6 encountered in IgG seronegative SCA subjects; the difference is statistically significant (p=0.04).
{"title":"Seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 and its clinical effect among anaemic SCA patients in Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"A. Bukar, U. Abjah, M. Kagu, A. Ladu, S. Zailani, M. Malah, B. Denue","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.195.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.195.200","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a globally widespread genetic disorder affecting 5% of the world’s over 6 billion people. Parvovirus infection and the resulting aplastic crisis is a recognised complication in individuals with SCA. Aplastic crisis increases the need for blood transfusion and its attendant risk of Transfusion Transmissible Infection (TTI). Hence there is a vicious cycle in which Parvovirus B19 causes aplastic crisis which in turn causes increased transfusion need; and transfusion increases risk of transfusion transmissible infection in which parvovirus B19 is included in certain parts of the world. Sickle cell anaemia is associated with foetal death and infection with parvovirus B19 increases the risk to early mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 among SCA and compare with that of controls in the study area. Furthermore clinical and laboratory profile of subjects were analysed to identify possible correlation with parvovirus B19 seropositivity and explore the possibility of involvement of white cell and platelets. A total of 90 subjects comprising 45 consecutive SCA case subjects and 45 age- and sex- matched non SCA controls were studied in a cross sectional comparative study. Ten millilitres of blood was drawn from the antecubital fossa of each subject after obtaining informed consent. The 10mls of blood was divided into two aliquots, 4.5 mls was added into EDTA anticoagulated bottle and was used for basic complete blood count (CBC), while the remaining 5mls was added into a plain specimen container allowed to clot and serum obtained to test for anti- parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM using an immunochromatography based technique specifically BIOCARD TM Parvo B19 diagnostic test kit. There was male preponderance in the study. The SCA subjects comprised 26 males and 19 females (male to female ratio = 1.4:1), while the non- SCA controls comprised 25 males and 20 females (male to female ratio 1.3:1).. The analysis of anti- parvovirus B19 IgG antibody revealed a prevalence of 23.3% among SCA cases with 18.9% among controls. The haematological profile is not affected by IgG seropositivity. However pregnancy outcome revealed that the total number of stillbirths is 12 among IgG seropositive SCA cases which is higher than the 6 encountered in IgG seronegative SCA subjects; the difference is statistically significant (p=0.04).","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77874624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.210.213
T. Yakubu, B. Dewu
A One-Dimensional inversion of P-wave travel time data observed at IFE seismic station between July 2009 when it was installed and July 2011 was carried out with the aim of obtaining the velocity model for the station region. The approach was based on fitting a series of straight lines to the travel time data. The results obtained showed that the P-wave velocity varies between 8.5 km/s and 12 km/s, which indicates that all the seismic rays’ bottom and had their turning point in the mantle. The plot of the velocity-depth profile reveals a three layer mantle with a transition at a depth of about 700 km corresponding to the transition between the upper and the lower mantle.
{"title":"One-Dimensional Velocity Model for Ife Seismic Station from Inversion of Teleseismic P-wave Travel time Data","authors":"T. Yakubu, B. Dewu","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.210.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.210.213","url":null,"abstract":"A One-Dimensional inversion of P-wave travel time data observed at IFE seismic station between July 2009 when it was installed and July 2011 was carried out with the aim of obtaining the velocity model for the station region. The approach was based on fitting a series of straight lines to the travel time data. The results obtained showed that the P-wave velocity varies between 8.5 km/s and 12 km/s, which indicates that all the seismic rays’ bottom and had their turning point in the mantle. The plot of the velocity-depth profile reveals a three layer mantle with a transition at a depth of about 700 km corresponding to the transition between the upper and the lower mantle.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"210-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72850531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.226.230
J. Bull, Michael Okpara
Chemical investigation of the anticholenestrases activity of the seeds of physostigma venenosum (ordeal or calabar bean, esere bean or calabar bohme) resulted in the isolation of sangainarine N-diglycoside. The structure of the compound was established using NMR spectroscopy of ( 1 H, 13 C, COSY, DEPT and HSQC) in combination with IR and MS spectral data. The seed of the plant was extracted by percolation using ethanol. The extract was partitioned to obtain chloroform, water, methanol, and pet-ether fractions. The chloroform fraction was discovered as the most active fraction in anticholinesterase activity. The compound displayed a very high anticholinesterase activity (99.5%) in an in vitro test. The result did not support the use of physostigma venenosum as an ordeal poison by the Calabar people of Nigeria to justify person accused of witch craft.
{"title":"Isolation, characterisation and anti-cholinesterase activities of Physostigma venenosum (Calabar bean)","authors":"J. Bull, Michael Okpara","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.226.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.226.230","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical investigation of the anticholenestrases activity of the seeds of physostigma venenosum (ordeal or calabar bean, esere bean or calabar bohme) resulted in the isolation of sangainarine N-diglycoside. The structure of the compound was established using NMR spectroscopy of ( 1 H, 13 C, COSY, DEPT and HSQC) in combination with IR and MS spectral data. The seed of the plant was extracted by percolation using ethanol. The extract was partitioned to obtain chloroform, water, methanol, and pet-ether fractions. The chloroform fraction was discovered as the most active fraction in anticholinesterase activity. The compound displayed a very high anticholinesterase activity (99.5%) in an in vitro test. The result did not support the use of physostigma venenosum as an ordeal poison by the Calabar people of Nigeria to justify person accused of witch craft.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"226-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86073550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.221.225
J. Afiukwa
Spectrophotometric and correlation analysis of heavy metal levels in drinking water was carried out. Samples from various sources of drinking water in different Local Government Areas in Ebonyi State were collected in pre-treated plastic bottles during the rainy and dry seasons and analysed for total Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Pearson’s correlation analysis and tTest statistics were used to evaluate the relationship between elevated heavy metal ions in the sample, while Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System (IDRS) was used in epidemiological studies to evaluate the current status of four water-related disease cases in the area between 2001 to 2011. The result showed that the prevalence of guinea worm, diarrhoea and cholera monitored dropped by a 100 %, 15.3 % and 8.6 % respectively, while typhoid fever escalated by 71.6 % in 2011 compared with the 2001 data. The result also indicated elevated metal concentrations above the WHO guideline limits for drinking water in the order; Pb > Mn > Fe > Cr > Co > Cd > Ni in surface water and Mn > Pb > Cr > Co > Fe > Cd > Ni in groundwater samples. Seasonal variations were not significant (P > 0.05). The correlation analyses showed high degree of metal association in the order: Cu/Zn > Pb/Zn > Fe/Mn > Fe/Pb > Cd/Zn > Cu/Pb > Co/Fe > Cd/Co.
对饮用水中重金属含量进行了分光光度法及相关分析。在雨季和旱季，从埃邦伊州不同地方政府地区的各种来源的饮用水中收集了样品，装在预处理的塑料瓶中，并分析了总Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn。采用Pearson相关分析和tTest统计方法评价样品中重金属离子升高的关系，采用流行病学研究方法采用综合疾病监测与反应系统(IDRS)对2001 - 2011年该地区4例水相关疾病的现状进行评价。结果显示，与2001年的数据相比，2011年监测到的麦地那龙线虫、腹泻和霍乱的流行率分别下降了100%、15.3%和8.6%，而伤寒的流行率上升了71.6%。结果还表明，该地区饮用水的金属浓度高于世卫组织指导限值;地表水样品Pb > Mn > Fe > Cr > Co > Cd > Ni和地下水样品Mn > Pb > Cr > Co > Fe > Cd > Ni。季节差异不显著(P < 0.05)。相关分析表明:Cu/Zn > Pb/Zn > Fe/Mn > Fe/Pb > Cd/Zn > Cu/Pb > Co/Fe > Cd/Co。
{"title":"Evaluation and correlation study of heavy metals load in drinking water and update of water-related disease cases in ebonyi state from 2001 – 2011","authors":"J. Afiukwa","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.221.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.221.225","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrophotometric and correlation analysis of heavy metal levels in drinking water was carried out. Samples from various sources of drinking water in different Local Government Areas in Ebonyi State were collected in pre-treated plastic bottles during the rainy and dry seasons and analysed for total Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Pearson’s correlation analysis and tTest statistics were used to evaluate the relationship between elevated heavy metal ions in the sample, while Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System (IDRS) was used in epidemiological studies to evaluate the current status of four water-related disease cases in the area between 2001 to 2011. The result showed that the prevalence of guinea worm, diarrhoea and cholera monitored dropped by a 100 %, 15.3 % and 8.6 % respectively, while typhoid fever escalated by 71.6 % in 2011 compared with the 2001 data. The result also indicated elevated metal concentrations above the WHO guideline limits for drinking water in the order; Pb > Mn > Fe > Cr > Co > Cd > Ni in surface water and Mn > Pb > Cr > Co > Fe > Cd > Ni in groundwater samples. Seasonal variations were not significant (P > 0.05). The correlation analyses showed high degree of metal association in the order: Cu/Zn > Pb/Zn > Fe/Mn > Fe/Pb > Cd/Zn > Cu/Pb > Co/Fe > Cd/Co.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"221-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78786947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.201.209
T. Omoniyi, B. Akinyemi
The purpose of this research is to design, fabricate and install locally developed roofing sheets on a king post truss model of a livestock house using rice husk and bamboo fibers which are readily available in most Nigerian farms with some additions of cement to the mixture. The effects of ratios of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and bamboo fibers on the impact strength, density, thickness swelling and water absorption were also investigated. The average density of the composite roofing sheet produced ranged from 1779 to 2197Kg/m 3 . The control test specimen density was 2376Kg/m 3 . The addition of pozollan decreased the density of the composite. Thickness Swelling (TS) values ranged from 0.07 to 5.97% at two hours and from 0.08 to 6.5% at 24 hours for different composition. The percentage water absorption (WA) by the composite was from 0.17 to 1.13% at 2 hrs while it was 0.21 to 1.43% at 24hrs. However further research would be carried out on the structure to determine the thermal comfort of the livestock to be kept in the building.
{"title":"Development of bamboo - rice husk ash and cement mixture for livestock house roofing sheets","authors":"T. Omoniyi, B. Akinyemi","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.201.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.201.209","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to design, fabricate and install locally developed roofing sheets on a king post truss model of a livestock house using rice husk and bamboo fibers which are readily available in most Nigerian farms with some additions of cement to the mixture. The effects of ratios of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and bamboo fibers on the impact strength, density, thickness swelling and water absorption were also investigated. The average density of the composite roofing sheet produced ranged from 1779 to 2197Kg/m 3 . The control test specimen density was 2376Kg/m 3 . The addition of pozollan decreased the density of the composite. Thickness Swelling (TS) values ranged from 0.07 to 5.97% at two hours and from 0.08 to 6.5% at 24 hours for different composition. The percentage water absorption (WA) by the composite was from 0.17 to 1.13% at 2 hrs while it was 0.21 to 1.43% at 24hrs. However further research would be carried out on the structure to determine the thermal comfort of the livestock to be kept in the building.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"201-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90591050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.214.220
J. Afa
Rural electrification scheme is aimed at promoting the welfare of the rural community and improve the economic status of the people. The presence of the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) is rarely felt, that the supply of power to Bayelsa from the grid is less than 10 percent. The Kolo creek gas turbine is only available to only two local communities in the state. The paper therefore is aimed at presenting these problems by studying the problems facing the present scheme in terms of capital cost, the dispersed settlement, the load profile and transport system. It was seen that the coastal environment and the fairly big rivers coupled with the high capital cost are major impediments to successful electrification of the state. It was seen that it cost sever time more than an equivalent scheme in the upload areas. With the abundant oil and gas resources and the renewable energies (solar and wind), off grid electrification project could be the solution to the electrification scheme if properly harnessed.
{"title":"Problems of Rural Electrification in Bayelsa State","authors":"J. Afa","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.214.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.214.220","url":null,"abstract":"Rural electrification scheme is aimed at promoting the welfare of the rural community and improve the economic status of the people. The presence of the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) is rarely felt, that the supply of power to Bayelsa from the grid is less than 10 percent. The Kolo creek gas turbine is only available to only two local communities in the state. The paper therefore is aimed at presenting these problems by studying the problems facing the present scheme in terms of capital cost, the dispersed settlement, the load profile and transport system. It was seen that the coastal environment and the fairly big rivers coupled with the high capital cost are major impediments to successful electrification of the state. It was seen that it cost sever time more than an equivalent scheme in the upload areas. With the abundant oil and gas resources and the renewable energies (solar and wind), off grid electrification project could be the solution to the electrification scheme if properly harnessed.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"214-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90979474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.238.245
J. Ogbulezie, M. Onuu
{"title":"Site specific measurements and propagation models for GSM in three cities in Northern Nigeria","authors":"J. Ogbulezie, M. Onuu","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.238.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.2.238.245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"238-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79044079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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