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Bruno Schulz's 1930 article “The Hereditary Relationships of Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis” 布鲁诺舒尔茨1930年的文章“老年偏执型精神病的遗传关系”。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32965
Kenneth S. Kendler, Astrid Klee

In the 1899 6th edition of his influential textbook, Kraepelin proposed a diagnostic category of “Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis.” In this 1930 article, Bruno Schulz studied the morbid risk (MR) of several disorders and traits in the parents, siblings, offspring, and nieces/nephews of 51 probands with “Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis.” His results permitted an evaluation of the validity of Kraepelin's category of Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis, in particular, whether it was a form of psychosis resulting from “senile changes” or late-onset schizophrenia. The MR of schizophrenia in these four groups of relatives varied from 0 to 2.4% with 3 of 4 somewhat higher than population expectations but much lower than parallel results in relatives of schizophrenics. By contrast, the rates of eccentricity in these relatives were uniformly elevated over population rates, sometimes approaching those seen in relatives of schizophrenics. Schulz concluded, from his study, that Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis was a distinct disorder not closely related to schizophrenia. However, he suggested that a family history and/or a premorbid trait of eccentricity increases the risk of developing a paranoid psychosis in old age, particularly when associated with physical or mental decline. He was uncertain about whether the trait of eccentricity he found in this study was very similar or distinct from that observed in excess in relatives of schizophrenics. This study was the first, to the best of our knowledge, to use a family study design explicitly to address a nosologic question—in this case the familial relationship between Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis and schizophrenia.

Kraepelin在1899年出版的第6版教科书中提出了“老年偏执型精神病”的诊断类别。在这篇1930年的文章中,Bruno Schulz研究了51名“老年偏执型精神病”先证患者的父母、兄弟姐妹、后代和侄女/侄子的几种疾病和特征的病态风险(MR)。他的结果允许对Kraepelin的老年偏执型精神病分类的有效性进行评估,特别是,它是一种由“老年性变化”引起的精神病还是迟发性精神分裂症。在这四组亲属中,精神分裂症的MR从0到2.4%不等,4人中有3人略高于总体预期,但远低于精神分裂症亲属的平行结果。相比之下,这些亲属的怪癖率一致高于人口比率,有时接近精神分裂症亲属的怪癖率。舒尔茨从他的研究中得出结论,老年偏执型精神病是一种与精神分裂症没有密切关系的独特疾病。然而,他建议家族史和/或病态前的古怪特征会增加老年时患偏执型精神病的风险,特别是当与身体或智力衰退相关时。他不确定他在这项研究中发现的怪癖特征与在精神分裂症患者亲属中观察到的怪癖特征是非常相似还是不同。据我们所知,这项研究是第一次明确使用家庭研究设计来解决一个病理性问题——在这个案例中,老年偏执型精神病和精神分裂症之间的家族关系。
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引用次数: 0
Novel genome-wide associations for effort valuation and psychopathology in children and adults 在儿童和成人的努力评估和精神病理新的全基因组关联。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32964
Nicholas H. Nguyen, T. Mitchell Mazza, Jonathan L. Hess, Avery B. Albert, Sarah Elfstrom, Patricia Forken, Steven D. Blatt, Wanda P. Fremont, Stephen V. Faraone, Stephen J. Glatt

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative was established by the US National Institute of Mental Health as a multilevel, disorder-agnostic framework for analysis of human psychopathology through designated domains and constructs, including the “Positive Valence Systems” domain focused on reward-related behavior. This study investigates the reward valuation subconstruct of “effort” and its association with genetic markers, functional neurobiological pathways, and polygenic risk scores for psychopathology in 1215 children aged 6–12 and their parents (n = 1044). All participants completed the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT), which assesses “effort” according to two quantitative measures: hard-task choice and reward sensitivity. Genetic association analyses were undertaken in MAGMA, utilizing EEfRT outcome variables as genome-wide association studies phenotypes to compute SNP and gene-level associations. Genome-wide association analyses found two distinct genetic loci that were significantly associated with measures of reward sensitivity and a separate genetic locus associated with hard task choice. Gene-set enrichment analysis yielded significant associations between “effort” and multiple gene sets involved in reward processing-related pathways, including dopamine receptor signaling, limbic system and forebrain development, and biological response to cocaine. These results serve to establish “effort” as a relevant construct for understanding reward-related behavior at the genetic level and support the RDoC framework for assessing disorder-agnostic psychopathology.

研究领域标准(RDoC)倡议是由美国国家精神卫生研究所建立的,作为一个多层次的、障碍不可知性的框架,通过指定的领域和结构来分析人类精神病理学,包括专注于奖励相关行为的“正价系统”领域。本研究调查了1215名6-12岁儿童及其父母(n = 1044)的“努力”奖励评价子结构及其与精神病理学遗传标记、功能神经生物学通路和多基因风险评分的关系。所有参与者都完成了奖励任务的努力支出(efrt),该任务根据两个量化指标:硬任务选择和奖励敏感性来评估“努力”。在MAGMA中进行遗传关联分析,利用EEfRT结果变量作为全基因组关联研究表型来计算SNP和基因水平的关联。全基因组关联分析发现,两个不同的遗传位点与艰苦任务选择的测量显著相关,另一个单独的遗传位点与奖励敏感性相关。基因集富集分析发现,“努力”与奖赏处理相关途径的多个基因集之间存在显著关联,包括多巴胺受体信号、边缘系统和前脑发育,以及对可卡因的生物反应。这些结果有助于在遗传水平上建立“努力”作为理解奖励相关行为的相关结构,并支持评估障碍不可知论精神病理学的RDoC框架。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting ADHD in alcohol dependence using polygenic risk scores for ADHD 使用多动症的多基因风险评分预测酒精依赖性多动症。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32967
Kejal H. S. Patel, G. Bragi Walters, Hreinn Stefánsson, Kári Stefánsson, Franziska Degenhardt, Markus Nothen, Tracey Van Der Veen, Ditte Demontis, Anders Borglum, Mark Kristiansen, Nicholas J. Bass, Andrew McQuillin

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a high degree of comorbidity, including substance misuse. We aimed to assess whether ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) could predict ADHD diagnosis in alcohol dependence (AD). ADHD PRS were generated for 1223 AD subjects with ADHD diagnosis information and 1818 healthy controls. ADHD PRS distributions were compared to evaluate the differences between healthy controls and AD cases with and without ADHD. We found increased ADHD PRS means in the AD cohort with ADHD (mean 0.30, standard deviation (SD) 0.92; p = 3.9 × 10−6); and without ADHD (mean − 0.00, SD 1.00; p = 5.2 × 10−5) compared to the healthy control subjects (mean − 0.17, SD 0.99). The ADHD PRS means differed within the AD group with a higher ADHD PRS mean in those with ADHD, odds ratio (OR) 1.34, confidence interval (CI) 1.10 to 1.65; p = 0.002. This study showed a positive relationship between ADHD PRS and risk of ADHD in individuals with co-occurring AD indicating that ADHD PRS may have utility in identifying individuals that are at a higher or lower risk of ADHD. Further larger studies need to be conducted to confirm the reliability of the results before ADHD PRS can be considered as a robust biomarker for diagnosis.

注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种神经发育障碍,具有高度的共病性,包括药物滥用。我们的目的是评估多动症多基因风险评分(PRS)是否可以预测酒精依赖症(AD)的多动症诊断。1223人产生了ADHD PRS 有ADHD诊断信息的AD受试者和1818名健康对照。比较ADHD PRS的分布,以评估健康对照组和患有和不患有ADHD的AD病例之间的差异。我们发现,在患有多动症的AD队列中,多动症PRS均值增加(平均值0.30,标准差(SD)0.92;p = 3.9 × 10-6);并且没有ADHD(平均 - 0.00,标准差1.00;p = 5.2 × 10-5)与健康对照受试者相比(平均值 - 0.17,SD 0.99)。ADHD患者的ADHD PRS均值在AD组内存在差异,ADHD患者中ADHD的PRS均值较高,比值比(OR)为1.34,置信区间(CI)为1.10-1.65;p = 0.002。这项研究表明,在患有合并AD的个体中,ADHD PRS与ADHD风险之间存在正相关关系,这表明多动症PRS可能有助于识别患有ADHD风险较高或较低的个体。在ADHD PRS被认为是一种可靠的诊断生物标志物之前,还需要进行进一步的大规模研究来确认结果的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics (LATINO): Study protocol 拉丁美洲跨祖先强迫症基因组学研究(LATINO):研究方案。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32962
James J. Crowley, Carolina Cappi, Marcos E. Ochoa-Panaifo, Renee M. Frederick, Minjee Kook, Andrew D. Wiese, Diana Rancourt, Elizabeth G. Atkinson, Paola Giusti-Rodriguez, Jacey L. Anderberg, Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics, Brazilian Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder Working Group, Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Victor R. Adorno, Cinthia Aguirre, Gilberto S. Alves, Gustavo S. Alves, NaEshia Ancalade, Alejandro A. Arellano Espinosa, Paul D. Arnold, Daphne M. Ayton, Izabela G. Barbosa, Laura Marcela Barón Castano, Cynthia N. Barrera, María Celeste Berardo, Dayan Berrones, John R. Best, Tim B. Bigdeli, Christie L. Burton, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Jennifer L. Callahan, Maria Cecília B. Carneiro, Sandra L. Cepeda, Evelyn Chazelle, Jessica M. Chire, Macarena Churruca Munoz, Pamela Claisse Quiroz, Journa Cobite, Jonathan S. Comer, Daniel L. Costa, Jennifer Crosbie, Victor O. Cruz, Guillermo Dager, Luisa F. Daza, Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez, Daniela del Río, Fernanda Z. Delage, Carolina B. Dreher, Lucila Fay, Tomas Fazio, Ygor A. Ferrão, Gabriela M. Ferreira, Edith G. Figueroa, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Diego A. Forero, Daniele T. H. Fragoso, Bharathi S. Gadad, Sheldon R. Garrison, Andres González, Laura D. Gonzalez, Marco A. González, Polaris Gonzalez-Barrios, Wayne K. Goodman, Dorothy E. Grice, Jerry Guintivano, Daniel G. Guttfreund, Andrew G. Guzick, Matthew W. Halvorsen, Joseph D. Hovey, Hailiang Huang, Jonathan Irreño-Sotomonte, Reinhard Janssen-Aguilar, Matias Jensen, Alexandra Z. Jimenez Reynolds, Joali Alexandra Juárez Lujambio, Nasim Khalfe, Madison A. Knutsen, Caleb Lack, Nuria Lanzagorta, Monicke O. Lima, Melanie O. Longhurst, David A. Lozada Martinez, Elba S. Luna, Andrea H. Marques, Molly S. Martinez, Maria de Los Angeles Matos, Caitlyn E. Maye, Joseph F. McGuire, Gabriela Menezes, Charlene Minaya, Tomás Miño, Sara M. Mithani, Circe Montes de Oca, Alonso Morales-Rivero, Maria E. Moreira-de-Oliveira, Olivia J. Morris, Sandra I. Muñoz, Zainab Naqqash, Ambar A. Núñez Bracho, Belinda E. Núñez Bracho, Maria Corina Ochoa Rojas, Luis A. Olavarria Castaman, Trinidad Olivos Balmaceda, Iliana Ortega, Darpan I. Patel, Ainsley K. Patrick, Mariel Paz y Mino, Jose L. Perales Orellana, Bárbara Perdigão Stumpf, Tamara Peregrina, Tania Pérez Duarte, Kelly L. Piacsek, Maritza Placencia, María Belén Prieto, Lucas C. Quarantini, Yana Quarantini-Alvim, Renato T. Ramos, Iaroslava C. Ramos, Vanessa R. Ramos, Kesley A. Ramsey, Elise V. Ray, Margaret A. Richter, Bradley C. Riemann, Juan C. Rivas, Maria C. Rosario, Camilo J. Ruggero, Angel A. Ruiz-Chow, Alejandra Ruiz-Velasco, Melisa N. Sagarnaga, Aline S. Sampaio, Leonardo C. Saraiva, Russell J. Schachar, Sophie C. Schneider, Ethan J. Schweissing, Laura D. Seligman, Roseli G. Shavitt, Keaton J. Soileau, S. Evelyn Stewart, Shaina B. Storch, Emily R. Strouphauer, Vissente Tapia Cuevas, Kiara R. Timpano, Beatriz Treviño-de la Garza, Alexie Vallejo-Silva, Javier Vargas-Medrano, María I. Vásquez, Guadalupe Vidal Martinez, Saira A. Weinzimmer, Mauricio A. Yanez, Gwyneth Zai, Lina M. Zapata-Restrepo, Luz M. Zappa, Raquel M. Zepeda-Burgos, Anthony W. Zoghbi, Euripedes C. Miguel, Carolyn I. Rodriguez, Mayra C. Martinez Mallen, Pablo R. Moya, Tania Borda, María Beatriz Moyano, Manuel Mattheisen, Stacey Pereira, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz, Karen G. Martinez-Gonzalez, Michele T. Pato, Humberto Nicolini, Eric A. Storch

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder. Worldwide, its prevalence is ~2% and its etiology is mostly unknown. Identifying biological factors contributing to OCD will elucidate underlying mechanisms and might contribute to improved treatment outcomes. Genomic studies of OCD are beginning to reveal long-sought risk loci, but >95% of the cases currently in analysis are of homogenous European ancestry. If not addressed, this Eurocentric bias will result in OCD genomic findings being more accurate for individuals of European ancestry than other ancestries, thereby contributing to health disparities in potential future applications of genomics. In this study protocol paper, we describe the Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics (LATINO, https://www.latinostudy.org). LATINO is a new network of investigators from across Latin America, the United States, and Canada who have begun to collect DNA and clinical data from 5000 richly phenotyped OCD cases of Latin American ancestry in a culturally sensitive and ethical manner. In this project, we will utilize trans-ancestry genomic analyses to accelerate the identification of OCD risk loci, fine-map putative causal variants, and improve the performance of polygenic risk scores in diverse populations. We will also capitalize on rich clinical data to examine the genetics of treatment response, biologically plausible OCD subtypes, and symptom dimensions. Additionally, LATINO will help elucidate the diversity of the clinical presentations of OCD across cultures through various trainings developed and offered in collaboration with Latin American investigators. We believe this study will advance the important goal of global mental health discovery and equity.

强迫症是一种使人衰弱的精神障碍。在世界范围内,其患病率约为2%,其病因大多未知。识别导致强迫症的生物学因素将阐明潜在机制,并可能有助于改善治疗结果。强迫症的基因组研究开始揭示长期寻求的风险基因座,但目前分析的病例中,95%以上是同源欧洲血统。如果不加以解决,这种以欧洲为中心的偏见将导致强迫症基因组研究结果对欧洲血统的个体比其他祖先更准确,从而导致基因组学未来潜在应用中的健康差异。在这篇研究方案论文中,我们描述了OCD基因组学的拉丁美洲跨祖先INinitiative(LATINO,https://www.latinostudy.org)。LATINO是一个由来自拉丁美洲、美国和加拿大的研究人员组成的新网络,他们已经开始以文化敏感和道德的方式从5000例具有拉丁美洲血统的表型丰富的强迫症病例中收集DNA和临床数据。在这个项目中,我们将利用跨祖先基因组分析来加速强迫症风险基因座的识别,精细绘制假定的因果变异图,并提高不同人群中多基因风险评分的表现。我们还将利用丰富的临床数据来检查治疗反应的遗传学、生物学上合理的强迫症亚型和症状维度。此外,LATINO将通过与拉丁美洲研究人员合作开发和提供的各种培训,帮助阐明不同文化中强迫症临床表现的多样性。我们相信这项研究将推进全球心理健康发现和公平的重要目标。
{"title":"Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics (LATINO): Study protocol","authors":"James J. Crowley,&nbsp;Carolina Cappi,&nbsp;Marcos E. Ochoa-Panaifo,&nbsp;Renee M. Frederick,&nbsp;Minjee Kook,&nbsp;Andrew D. Wiese,&nbsp;Diana Rancourt,&nbsp;Elizabeth G. Atkinson,&nbsp;Paola Giusti-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Jacey L. Anderberg,&nbsp;Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics,&nbsp;Brazilian Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder Working Group,&nbsp;Jonathan S. Abramowitz,&nbsp;Victor R. Adorno,&nbsp;Cinthia Aguirre,&nbsp;Gilberto S. Alves,&nbsp;Gustavo S. Alves,&nbsp;NaEshia Ancalade,&nbsp;Alejandro A. Arellano Espinosa,&nbsp;Paul D. Arnold,&nbsp;Daphne M. Ayton,&nbsp;Izabela G. Barbosa,&nbsp;Laura Marcela Barón Castano,&nbsp;Cynthia N. Barrera,&nbsp;María Celeste Berardo,&nbsp;Dayan Berrones,&nbsp;John R. Best,&nbsp;Tim B. Bigdeli,&nbsp;Christie L. Burton,&nbsp;Joseph D. Buxbaum,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Callahan,&nbsp;Maria Cecília B. Carneiro,&nbsp;Sandra L. Cepeda,&nbsp;Evelyn Chazelle,&nbsp;Jessica M. Chire,&nbsp;Macarena Churruca Munoz,&nbsp;Pamela Claisse Quiroz,&nbsp;Journa Cobite,&nbsp;Jonathan S. Comer,&nbsp;Daniel L. Costa,&nbsp;Jennifer Crosbie,&nbsp;Victor O. Cruz,&nbsp;Guillermo Dager,&nbsp;Luisa F. Daza,&nbsp;Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez,&nbsp;Daniela del Río,&nbsp;Fernanda Z. Delage,&nbsp;Carolina B. Dreher,&nbsp;Lucila Fay,&nbsp;Tomas Fazio,&nbsp;Ygor A. Ferrão,&nbsp;Gabriela M. Ferreira,&nbsp;Edith G. Figueroa,&nbsp;Leonardo F. Fontenelle,&nbsp;Diego A. Forero,&nbsp;Daniele T. H. Fragoso,&nbsp;Bharathi S. Gadad,&nbsp;Sheldon R. Garrison,&nbsp;Andres González,&nbsp;Laura D. Gonzalez,&nbsp;Marco A. González,&nbsp;Polaris Gonzalez-Barrios,&nbsp;Wayne K. Goodman,&nbsp;Dorothy E. Grice,&nbsp;Jerry Guintivano,&nbsp;Daniel G. Guttfreund,&nbsp;Andrew G. Guzick,&nbsp;Matthew W. Halvorsen,&nbsp;Joseph D. Hovey,&nbsp;Hailiang Huang,&nbsp;Jonathan Irreño-Sotomonte,&nbsp;Reinhard Janssen-Aguilar,&nbsp;Matias Jensen,&nbsp;Alexandra Z. Jimenez Reynolds,&nbsp;Joali Alexandra Juárez Lujambio,&nbsp;Nasim Khalfe,&nbsp;Madison A. Knutsen,&nbsp;Caleb Lack,&nbsp;Nuria Lanzagorta,&nbsp;Monicke O. Lima,&nbsp;Melanie O. Longhurst,&nbsp;David A. Lozada Martinez,&nbsp;Elba S. Luna,&nbsp;Andrea H. Marques,&nbsp;Molly S. Martinez,&nbsp;Maria de Los Angeles Matos,&nbsp;Caitlyn E. Maye,&nbsp;Joseph F. McGuire,&nbsp;Gabriela Menezes,&nbsp;Charlene Minaya,&nbsp;Tomás Miño,&nbsp;Sara M. Mithani,&nbsp;Circe Montes de Oca,&nbsp;Alonso Morales-Rivero,&nbsp;Maria E. Moreira-de-Oliveira,&nbsp;Olivia J. Morris,&nbsp;Sandra I. Muñoz,&nbsp;Zainab Naqqash,&nbsp;Ambar A. Núñez Bracho,&nbsp;Belinda E. Núñez Bracho,&nbsp;Maria Corina Ochoa Rojas,&nbsp;Luis A. Olavarria Castaman,&nbsp;Trinidad Olivos Balmaceda,&nbsp;Iliana Ortega,&nbsp;Darpan I. Patel,&nbsp;Ainsley K. Patrick,&nbsp;Mariel Paz y Mino,&nbsp;Jose L. Perales Orellana,&nbsp;Bárbara Perdigão Stumpf,&nbsp;Tamara Peregrina,&nbsp;Tania Pérez Duarte,&nbsp;Kelly L. Piacsek,&nbsp;Maritza Placencia,&nbsp;María Belén Prieto,&nbsp;Lucas C. Quarantini,&nbsp;Yana Quarantini-Alvim,&nbsp;Renato T. Ramos,&nbsp;Iaroslava C. Ramos,&nbsp;Vanessa R. Ramos,&nbsp;Kesley A. Ramsey,&nbsp;Elise V. Ray,&nbsp;Margaret A. Richter,&nbsp;Bradley C. Riemann,&nbsp;Juan C. Rivas,&nbsp;Maria C. Rosario,&nbsp;Camilo J. Ruggero,&nbsp;Angel A. Ruiz-Chow,&nbsp;Alejandra Ruiz-Velasco,&nbsp;Melisa N. Sagarnaga,&nbsp;Aline S. Sampaio,&nbsp;Leonardo C. Saraiva,&nbsp;Russell J. Schachar,&nbsp;Sophie C. Schneider,&nbsp;Ethan J. Schweissing,&nbsp;Laura D. Seligman,&nbsp;Roseli G. Shavitt,&nbsp;Keaton J. Soileau,&nbsp;S. Evelyn Stewart,&nbsp;Shaina B. Storch,&nbsp;Emily R. Strouphauer,&nbsp;Vissente Tapia Cuevas,&nbsp;Kiara R. Timpano,&nbsp;Beatriz Treviño-de la Garza,&nbsp;Alexie Vallejo-Silva,&nbsp;Javier Vargas-Medrano,&nbsp;María I. Vásquez,&nbsp;Guadalupe Vidal Martinez,&nbsp;Saira A. Weinzimmer,&nbsp;Mauricio A. Yanez,&nbsp;Gwyneth Zai,&nbsp;Lina M. Zapata-Restrepo,&nbsp;Luz M. Zappa,&nbsp;Raquel M. Zepeda-Burgos,&nbsp;Anthony W. Zoghbi,&nbsp;Euripedes C. Miguel,&nbsp;Carolyn I. Rodriguez,&nbsp;Mayra C. Martinez Mallen,&nbsp;Pablo R. Moya,&nbsp;Tania Borda,&nbsp;María Beatriz Moyano,&nbsp;Manuel Mattheisen,&nbsp;Stacey Pereira,&nbsp;Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz,&nbsp;Karen G. Martinez-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Michele T. Pato,&nbsp;Humberto Nicolini,&nbsp;Eric A. Storch","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.b.32962","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajmg.b.32962","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder. Worldwide, its prevalence is ~2% and its etiology is mostly unknown. Identifying biological factors contributing to OCD will elucidate underlying mechanisms and might contribute to improved treatment outcomes. Genomic studies of OCD are beginning to reveal long-sought risk loci, but &gt;95% of the cases currently in analysis are of homogenous European ancestry. If not addressed, this Eurocentric bias will result in OCD genomic findings being more accurate for individuals of European ancestry than other ancestries, thereby contributing to health disparities in potential future applications of genomics. In this study protocol paper, we describe the Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics (LATINO, https://www.latinostudy.org). LATINO is a new network of investigators from across Latin America, the United States, and Canada who have begun to collect DNA and clinical data from 5000 richly phenotyped OCD cases of Latin American ancestry in a culturally sensitive and ethical manner. In this project, we will utilize trans-ancestry genomic analyses to accelerate the identification of OCD risk loci, fine-map putative causal variants, and improve the performance of polygenic risk scores in diverse populations. We will also capitalize on rich clinical data to examine the genetics of treatment response, biologically plausible OCD subtypes, and symptom dimensions. Additionally, LATINO will help elucidate the diversity of the clinical presentations of OCD across cultures through various trainings developed and offered in collaboration with Latin American investigators. We believe this study will advance the important goal of global mental health discovery and equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7673,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajmg.b.32962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72013144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bruno Schulz's 1936 book “Methodology of medical genetic research particularly with regard to psychiatry” 布鲁诺·舒尔茨1936年出版的《医学遗传学研究方法论,特别是精神病学》一书。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32963
Kenneth S. Kendler, Astrid Klee

In 1936, Bruno Schulz published the first detailed, book-length review of the methodology of psychiatric genetic research, based on his experiences at the German Research Institute of Psychiatry. Emphasis is placed on proper selection of relatives and the ascertainment corrections required for Mendelian transmission models. Twin studies are considered as is the impact of reduced fertility on patterns of risk. For the field work, Schulz emphasizes the importance of trust-building, confidentiality, collateral informants, and the use of medical and other administrative records, all ideally stored in personal files. Several methods of age-correction are reviewed. Schulz provides detailed algebraic treatments of these and other problems, including tests for etiologic homogeneity, with worked examples. He emphasizes two fundamental concerns in psychiatric genetics research: (i) its inter-dependency with the optimal diagnostic boundaries, which are rarely known and (ii) the genetic homogeneity of clinical samples. Given these problems, he is pessimistic about finding Mendelian transmission patterns. He assesses the predominant 19th-century method of psychiatric genetic investigation—“hereditary burden”—to be crude and biased by family size. Although written at a time of consolidation of Nazi power in Germany, this book nowhere endorses their racial/eugenic policies and can be seen as subtly questioning them.

1936年,布鲁诺·舒尔茨根据他在德国精神病学研究所的经历,发表了第一篇详细的、长达一本书的精神遗传学研究方法论综述。重点放在正确选择亲属和孟德尔传播模型所需的确定校正上。双胞胎研究被认为是生育率下降对风险模式的影响。在实地工作中,舒尔茨强调了建立信任、保密、辅助线人以及使用医疗和其他行政记录的重要性,所有这些都最好存储在个人档案中。综述了几种年龄矫正方法。舒尔茨提供了这些问题和其他问题的详细代数处理,包括病因同质性的测试,并举例说明。他强调了精神遗传学研究中的两个基本问题:(i)其与最佳诊断边界的相互依赖性,这是鲜为人知的;(ii)临床样本的遗传同质性。考虑到这些问题,他对发现孟德尔传播模式持悲观态度。他认为19世纪精神病基因调查的主要方法——“遗传负担”——是粗糙的,并因家庭规模而有偏见。尽管这本书是在德国纳粹政权巩固的时候写的,但它并没有支持他们的种族/优生学政策,可以被视为对他们的微妙质疑。
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引用次数: 0
Association of BDNF risk variant and dorsolateral cortical thickness with long-term treatment response to valproate in type I bipolar disorder: An exploratory study BDNF风险变异和背外侧皮质厚度与I型双相情感障碍患者丙戊酸钠长期治疗反应的相关性:一项探索性研究。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32966
Alejandra Monserrat Rodríguez-Ramírez, Valente Cedillo-Ríos, Marco Antonio Sanabrais-Jiménez, Claudia Becerra-Palars, Sandra Hernández-Muñoz, Hiram Ortega-Ortíz, Beatriz Camarena-Medellin

Valproate is among the most prescribed drugs for bipolar disorder; however, 87% of patients do not report full long-term treatment response (LTTR) to this medication. One of valproate's suggested mechanisms of action involves the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), expressed in the brain areas regulating emotions, such as the prefrontal cortex. Nonetheless, data about the role of BDNF in LTTR and its implications in the structure of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is scarce. We explore the association of BDNF variants and dorsolateral cortical thickness (CT) with LTTR to valproate in bipolar disorder type I (BDI). Twenty-eight BDI patients were genotyped for BDNF polymorphisms rs1519480, rs6265, and rs7124442, and T1-weighted 3D brain scans were acquired. LTTR to valproate was evaluated with Alda's scale. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate LTTR according to BDNF genotypes and CT. We evaluated CT differences by genotypes with analysis of covariance. LTTR was associated with BDNF rs1519480 and right dlPFC thickness. Insufficient responders with the CC genotype had thicker right dlPFC than TC and TT genotypes. Full responders reported thicker right dlPFC in TC and TT genotypes. In conclusion, different patterns of CT related to BDNF genotypes were identified, suggesting a potential biomarker of LTTR to valproate in our population.

丙戊酸钠是治疗双相情感障碍最常用的药物之一;然而,87%的患者没有报告对该药物的完全长期治疗反应(LTTR)。丙戊酸钠提出的作用机制之一涉及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF),该因子在大脑调节情绪的区域表达,如前额叶皮层。尽管如此,关于BDNF在LTTR中的作用及其在背外侧前额叶皮层(dlPFC)结构中的意义的数据很少。我们探讨了BDNF变异和背外侧皮质厚度(CT)与I型双相情感障碍(BDI)患者丙戊酸LTTR的关系。对28名BDI患者进行BDNF多态性rs1519480、rs6265和rs7124442的基因分型,并进行T1加权3D脑扫描。用Alda量表评估丙戊酸的LTTR。根据BDNF基因型和CT进行逻辑回归分析以评估LTTR。我们通过协方差分析评估基因型的CT差异。LTTR与BDNF rs1519480和右侧dlPFC厚度有关。CC基因型应答不足者的右dlPFC比TC和TT基因型更厚。完全应答者报告TC和TT基因型的右dlPFC较厚。总之,发现了与BDNF基因型相关的不同CT模式,这表明在我们的人群中,丙戊酸钠的LTTR是一个潜在的生物标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Systematic exploration of a decade of publications on psychiatric genetics in Latin America 对拉丁美洲精神遗传学十年出版物的系统探索。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32960
Diana Garro-Núñez, María Jesús Picado-Martínez, Erika Espinoza-Campos, Daniela Ugalde-Araya, Gabriel Macaya, Henriette Raventós, Gabriela Chavarría-Soley

Psychiatric disorders have a great impact in terms of mortality, morbidity, and disability across the lifespan. Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding their complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture, including diverse ancestry populations. Our aim was to review the psychiatric genetics research published with Latin American populations from 2010 to 2019, and classify it according to country of origin, type of analysis, source of funding, and other variables. We found that most publications came from Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia. Also, local funds are generally not large enough for genome-wide studies in Latin America, with the exception of Brazil and Mexico; larger studies are often done in collaboration with international partners, mostly funded by US agencies. In most of the larger studies, the participants are individuals of Latin American ancestry living in the United States, which limits the potential for exploring the complex gene–environment interaction. Family studies, traditionally strong in Latin America, represent about 30% of the total research publications. Scarce local resources for research in Latin America have probably been an important limitation for conducting bigger and more complex studies, contributing to the reduced representation of these populations in global psychiatric genetics studies. Increasing diversity must be a goal to improve generalizability and applicability in clinical settings.

精神疾病对整个生命周期的死亡率、发病率和残疾有很大影响。人们花了大量的精力来理解它们复杂和异质的遗传结构,包括不同的祖先群体。我们的目的是回顾2010年至2019年在拉丁美洲人群中发表的精神遗传学研究,并根据来源国、分析类型、资金来源和其他变量对其进行分类。我们发现,大多数出版物来自巴西、墨西哥和哥伦比亚。此外,除巴西和墨西哥外,当地资金通常不足以用于拉丁美洲的全基因组研究;大型研究通常是与国际合作伙伴合作进行的,这些合作伙伴大多由美国机构资助。在大多数大型研究中,参与者都是居住在美国的拉丁美洲血统的个体,这限制了探索复杂基因与环境相互作用的潜力。传统上在拉丁美洲占主导地位的家庭研究约占研究出版物总数的30%。拉丁美洲当地研究资源匮乏可能是进行更大规模、更复杂研究的一个重要限制,导致这些人群在全球精神遗传学研究中的代表性降低。增加多样性必须是提高临床环境中的可推广性和适用性的目标。
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引用次数: 0
William Boven's 1915 thesis “Similarity and Mendelism in the heredity of dementia praecox and manic-depressive insanity” William Boven 1915年的论文“早发性痴呆和躁狂抑郁性精神错乱遗传中的相似性和孟德尔主义”。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32961
Kenneth S. Kendler, Virginia Justis

Boven published, in 1915, his MD thesis at the University of Lausanne in which he examined 60 3- to 4-generation pedigrees ascertained from admitted patients with dementia praecox (DP) and manic-depressive insanity (MDI). He asked three questions: (i) were DP and MDI hereditary? (ii) were they the same or distinct conditions? and (iii) were they Mendelian disorders? Based on the rarity of environmental precipitants severe enough to cause disorder onset and the pattern of disorders in relatives, Boven concluded that both disorders were inherited. He found that MDI largely ran in families through direct transmission across generations while DP was only common in collateral relatives. Both pedigrees contained a substantial number of “psychopathic” (personality disordered) relatives in which DP and MDI pedigrees typically had, respectively, paranoid, and dysthymic/cyclothymic features. Boven concludes that their inheritance is largely distinct but not exclusive, as some pedigrees contained cases of both disorders. With assistance from Wilhelm Weinberg, Boven applied algebraic models with proband correction to rates of DP and MDI in sibships and found the results inconsistent with Mendelian transmission. His study represents among the first examinations, using “modern” methods, of the familial relationship between DP and MDI and the first published in French.

Boven于1915年在洛桑大学发表了他的医学博士论文,在该论文中,他研究了60个3至4代谱系,这些谱系是从入院的早发性痴呆(DP)和躁狂-抑郁性精神错乱(MDI)患者中确定的。他问了三个问题:(i)DP和MDI是遗传的吗?(ii)它们是相同的还是不同的条件?以及(iii)它们是孟德尔疾病吗?根据罕见的严重到足以导致疾病发作的环境沉淀剂和亲属的疾病模式,Boven得出结论,这两种疾病都是遗传的。他发现MDI主要通过代际直接传播在家庭中传播,而DP仅在旁系亲属中常见。这两个谱系都包含大量“精神病”(人格障碍)亲属,其中DP和MDI谱系通常分别具有偏执和恶劣心境/循环心境特征。Boven得出结论,他们的遗传在很大程度上是不同的,但不是排他性的,因为一些谱系包含了这两种疾病的病例。在Wilhelm Weinberg的协助下,Boven将带有先证者校正的代数模型应用于同胞中DP和MDI的比率,发现结果与孟德尔传递不一致。他的研究是第一次使用“现代”方法对DP和MDI之间的家族关系进行检查,也是第一次用法语发表研究。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of gut microbiota on the development of most prevalent neurodegenerative dementias and the potential effect of probiotics in elderly: A scoping review 肠道微生物群对最常见的神经退行性痴呆发展的影响以及益生菌对老年人的潜在影响:范围界定综述。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32959
David Mateo, Montse Marquès, José L. Domingo, Margarita Torrente

Dementia is one of today's greatest public health challenges. Its high socio-economic impact and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are of increasing concern to an aging world population. In recent years, the study of the relationship between gut microbiota and different neurocognitive disorders has gained a considerable interest. Several studies have reported associations between gut microbiota dysbiosis and some types of dementia. Probiotics have been suggested to restore dysbiosis and to improve neurocognitive symptomatology in these dementias. Based on these previous findings, the available scientific evidence on the gut microbiota in humans affected by the most prevalent dementias, as well as the probiotic trials conducted in these patients in recent years, have been here reviewed. Decreased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and other bacterial metabolites appear to play a major role in the onset of neurocognitive symptoms in Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). Increased abundance of proinflammatory taxa could be closely related to the more severe clinical symptoms in both, as well as in Lewy Bodies dementia. Important lack of information was noted in Frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant. Moreover, geographical differences in the composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in AD. Some potential beneficial effects of probiotics in AD and PDD have been reported. However, due to the controversial results further investigations are clearly necessary.

痴呆症是当今最大的公共卫生挑战之一。它的高度社会经济影响以及诊断和治疗方面的困难日益引起老龄化世界人口的关注。近年来,对肠道微生物群与不同神经认知障碍之间关系的研究引起了人们的极大兴趣。几项研究报告了肠道微生物群失调与某些类型的痴呆之间的关系。益生菌被认为可以恢复这些痴呆症的微生态失调并改善神经认知症状。基于这些先前的发现,对受最常见痴呆影响的人类肠道微生物群的现有科学证据,以及近年来在这些患者中进行的益生菌试验进行了综述。短链脂肪酸(SCFA)和其他细菌代谢产物浓度的降低似乎在阿尔茨海默病(AD)和帕金森病痴呆症(PDD)神经认知症状的发作中起着重要作用。促炎分类群丰度的增加可能与两者以及路易体痴呆症中更严重的临床症状密切相关。额颞叶痴呆行为变体中存在严重的信息缺失。此外,AD中肠道微生物群组成的地理差异也有报道。益生菌对AD和PDD有一些潜在的有益作用。然而,由于结果存在争议,显然有必要进行进一步调查。
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引用次数: 0
Psychiatric and neurological manifestations in adults with Smith–Magenis syndrome: A scoping review 成人Smith-Magenis综合征的精神病学和神经学表现:范围综述。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32956
Dorinde Korteling, Jiska L. I. Musch, Janneke R. Zinkstok, Erik Boot

Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a 17p11.2 deletion or a pathogenic variant of the RAI1 gene, which lies within the 17p11.2 region. Various psychiatric and neurological disorders have been reported in SMS, with most literature focusing on children and adolescents. To provide an overview of the current knowledge on this topic in adults with SMS, we performed a comprehensive scoping review of the relevant literature. Our findings suggest that many manifestations that are common in childhood persist into adulthood. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in adults with SMS include intellectual disability, autism spectrum- and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-related features, self-injurious and physical aggressive behaviors, sleep–wake disorders, and seizures. Findings of this review may facilitate optimization of management strategies in adults with SMS, and may guide future studies exploring late-onset psychiatric and neurological comorbidities in SMS.

Smith-Magenis综合征(SMS)是一种由17p11.2缺失或位于17p11.2区域的RAI1基因的致病性变体引起的神经发育障碍。SMS中报道了各种精神和神经疾病,大多数文献都集中在儿童和青少年身上。为了概述目前SMS患者对该主题的了解,我们对相关文献进行了全面的范围界定审查。我们的研究结果表明,许多常见于儿童时期的表现一直持续到成年。患有SMS的成年人的神经精神表现包括智力残疾、自闭症谱系和注意力缺陷多动障碍相关特征、自残和身体攻击行为、睡眠-觉醒障碍和癫痫发作。这篇综述的发现可能有助于优化成人SMS的管理策略,并可能指导未来探索SMS中迟发性精神和神经合并症的研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
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