{"title":"Ethnic self-identity: a comparison of ingroup evaluations.","authors":"L Driedger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"39 2","pages":"131-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12151079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores some factors that might influence public attitudes about social experiments. Subjects read a supposedly real news account of a medical experiment in which the scarcity of the treatment employed and the amount of scientific justification for the experiment were experimentally varied. As expected, subjects reacted negatively to the experiment when explicitly informed that while there were adequate resources for all participants to receive the treatment, some participants were being deprived of treatment for scientific purposes. Contrary to expectations, subjects explicitly told that resources were scarce and that some participants would go without the treatment in any case, were less favorable toward the medical experiment and its administrators than subjects for whom scarcity was not mentioned. It was also found that the public's opinions were significantly improved when the scientific necessity for randomization was emphasized, especially when the potential usefulness of proven results was stressed. Few differences were found in comparing male and female responses, although female readers did evidence greater dissatisfaction with moral aspects of the experiment. Implications of the results for administrators of social programs are discussed.
{"title":"Some determinants of public acceptance of randomized control group experimental designs.","authors":"J. Hillis, C. Wortman","doi":"10.2307/2786209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2786209","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores some factors that might influence public attitudes about social experiments. Subjects read a supposedly real news account of a medical experiment in which the scarcity of the treatment employed and the amount of scientific justification for the experiment were experimentally varied. As expected, subjects reacted negatively to the experiment when explicitly informed that while there were adequate resources for all participants to receive the treatment, some participants were being deprived of treatment for scientific purposes. Contrary to expectations, subjects explicitly told that resources were scarce and that some participants would go without the treatment in any case, were less favorable toward the medical experiment and its administrators than subjects for whom scarcity was not mentioned. It was also found that the public's opinions were significantly improved when the scientific necessity for randomization was emphasized, especially when the potential usefulness of proven results was stressed. Few differences were found in comparing male and female responses, although female readers did evidence greater dissatisfaction with moral aspects of the experiment. Implications of the results for administrators of social programs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"39 2 1","pages":"91-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2786209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68547195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaction to attitudinal deviance: impact of deviate's direction and distance of movement.","authors":"J. Levine, Leonard Saxe, H. Harris","doi":"10.2307/2786210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2786210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"29 1","pages":"97-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2786210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68547292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to define and explain various expressions of ethnicity by the use of an inventory designed to measure degrees of self-identity with respect to ingroup affirmation, ingroup denial, ideal self-identity, and real self-identity. A comparison of seven Winnipeg ethnic groups in relation to these factors indicated strong ingroup affirmation among the French and the Jews and a low degree of ingroup affirmation among British, Scandinavian and Polish groups. French and Jewish institutional completeness seemed to be mainly responsible for the groups' strong ethnic identification and solidarity. High social status and identification with dominant charter groups appeared to be responsible for the low degree of ethnic denial found among British, Scandinavian and French groups. The results supported Lewin's thesis that individuals need a firm clear sense of identification with an ethnic or majority culture in order to find a secure basis for a sense of well-being.
{"title":"Ethnic self-identity: a comparison of ingroup evaluations.","authors":"L. Driedger","doi":"10.2307/2786213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2786213","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to define and explain various expressions of ethnicity by the use of an inventory designed to measure degrees of self-identity with respect to ingroup affirmation, ingroup denial, ideal self-identity, and real self-identity. A comparison of seven Winnipeg ethnic groups in relation to these factors indicated strong ingroup affirmation among the French and the Jews and a low degree of ingroup affirmation among British, Scandinavian and Polish groups. French and Jewish institutional completeness seemed to be mainly responsible for the groups' strong ethnic identification and solidarity. High social status and identification with dominant charter groups appeared to be responsible for the low degree of ethnic denial found among British, Scandinavian and French groups. The results supported Lewin's thesis that individuals need a firm clear sense of identification with an ethnic or majority culture in order to find a secure basis for a sense of well-being.","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"39 2 1","pages":"131-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2786213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68547319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaction to attitudinal deviance: impact of deviate's direction and distance of movement.","authors":"J M Levine, L Saxe, H J Harris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"39 2","pages":"97-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12151081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of multidimensional decoding of affect from audio, video and audiovideo recordings.","authors":"H J Berman, A D Shulman, S J Marwit","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"39 1","pages":"83-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12448710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Video tapes were made of six encoders portraying a warm and a cold experimenter. 60 decoders who were either exposed to the video, audio or both the video and audio portions of the stimuli rated the presentations on the Nowlis Affect Scales. The degree of consistency among judgments and the degree to which the communication channels conveyed and facilitated the differentiation of the warm and cold presentations of the experimenters were calculated. Decoders were least consistent in decoding presentations conveyed in the audio channel; combined audio-video judgments were no more consistent than judgments based on the video channel alone. While there were significant (p < .01) multivariate and univariate experimenter behavior x channel interactions on 7 of the 11 iNowlis scales, no consistent pattern across encoders was evidenced. Rather, some encoders showed variations in feelings principally through visually mediated stimuli, others through the tone of the voice. The results are discussed in the context of quantitative versus qualitative differences among the communication channels.
{"title":"Comparison of multidimensional decoding of affect from audio, video and audiovideo recordings.","authors":"H. J. Berman, A. Shulman, S. J. Marwit","doi":"10.2307/2786595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2786595","url":null,"abstract":"Video tapes were made of six encoders portraying a warm and a cold experimenter. 60 decoders who were either exposed to the video, audio or both the video and audio portions of the stimuli rated the presentations on the Nowlis Affect Scales. The degree of consistency among judgments and the degree to which the communication channels conveyed and facilitated the differentiation of the warm and cold presentations of the experimenters were calculated. Decoders were least consistent in decoding presentations conveyed in the audio channel; combined audio-video judgments were no more consistent than judgments based on the video channel alone. While there were significant (p < .01) multivariate and univariate experimenter behavior x channel interactions on 7 of the 11 iNowlis scales, no consistent pattern across encoders was evidenced. Rather, some encoders showed variations in feelings principally through visually mediated stimuli, others through the tone of the voice. The results are discussed in the context of quantitative versus qualitative differences among the communication channels.","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"39 1 1","pages":"83-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2786595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68556161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure and dynamics of worries.","authors":"S Levy, L Guttman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"38 4","pages":"445-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12386074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure and dynamics of worries.","authors":"S. Levy, L. Guttman","doi":"10.2307/2786361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2786361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"38 4 1","pages":"445-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2786361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68550871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Group status displacement under stress: a serendipitous finding.","authors":"M K Macneil, L E Davis, D J Pace","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76949,"journal":{"name":"Sociometry","volume":"38 3","pages":"293-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12374555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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