Anticoagulant therapy being the most conventional form of therapeutic intervention is the cornerstone for the treatment and prevention of various ailments including Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and patients undertaking cardiac procedures1. Bleeding is the principal complication of anticoagulants even though used within its therapeutic limit. An innovative tool HAS-BLED score come up with the assessment of bleeding risk among patients under anticoagulant therapy supporting the physicians in a better clinical decision making2,3. The objective is to evaluate drug use and bleeding risk of anticoagulant drugs using HAS-BLED Score among geriatric patients. A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital among hundred patients for a period of six months. It was found that 61% were males and 49% were females. Most of the patients were from the age group of 65-70 (53%), 71-75 (31%) and least less than 75 (16%). The most commonly prescribed dosage form was parenteral (79%) and drug was heparin (52%). The bleeding risk of twenty patients taking warfarin was assessed using HAS- BLED Score, the risk categories shows greater than or equal to 3 (60%) high risk and score between 1-2 (40%) moderate risk. Drug use pattern of anticoagulants needs uninterrupted and repeated surveillance not only to discern therapeutic efficacy but also to scrutinize potential adverse drug reaction. From the HAS-BLED score distribution of patients taking warfarin conveys the need to monitor the parameters especially INR before and after initiation of anticoagulant therapy. Keywords: Drug Use Evaluation, Anticoagulant Therapy, HAS-BLED Score, Atrial Fibrillation, Bleeding Risk, Warfarin
{"title":"Study of Drug Use Evaluation and Bleeding Risk of Anticoagulants by Has-Bled In Geriatrics","authors":"Angela Mariam Reji, Christy Abraham, Nancy Antony, Rupali Kumar, Mrs., Lincy George, K. Krishnakumar","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.002","url":null,"abstract":"Anticoagulant therapy being the most conventional form of therapeutic intervention is the \u0000cornerstone for the treatment and prevention of various ailments including Atrial Fibrillation (AF), \u0000Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and patients undertaking \u0000cardiac procedures1. Bleeding is the principal complication of anticoagulants even though used \u0000within its therapeutic limit. An innovative tool HAS-BLED score come up with the assessment of \u0000bleeding risk among patients under anticoagulant therapy supporting the physicians in a better \u0000clinical decision making2,3. The objective is to evaluate drug use and bleeding risk of anticoagulant \u0000drugs using HAS-BLED Score among geriatric patients. A prospective observational study was \u0000conducted in a tertiary care hospital among hundred patients for a period of six months. It was \u0000found that 61% were males and 49% were females. Most of the patients were from the age group \u0000of 65-70 (53%), 71-75 (31%) and least less than 75 (16%). The most commonly prescribed dosage \u0000form was parenteral (79%) and drug was heparin (52%). The bleeding risk of twenty patients \u0000taking warfarin was assessed using HAS- BLED Score, the risk categories shows greater than or \u0000equal to 3 (60%) high risk and score between 1-2 (40%) moderate risk. Drug use pattern of \u0000anticoagulants needs uninterrupted and repeated surveillance not only to discern therapeutic \u0000efficacy but also to scrutinize potential adverse drug reaction. From the HAS-BLED score \u0000distribution of patients taking warfarin conveys the need to monitor the parameters especially INR \u0000before and after initiation of anticoagulant therapy. \u0000Keywords: Drug Use Evaluation, Anticoagulant Therapy, HAS-BLED Score, Atrial Fibrillation, \u0000Bleeding Risk, Warfarin","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79195821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.004
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a potentially reversible renal impairment where the kidney function is stopped due to renal vasoconstriction resulting from extreme vasodilation. This case report describes a 64 year old female with Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease. Her clinical history and physical findings shows a decreased renal function secondary to chronic liver disease and was later diagnosed as HRS. HRS can be managed effectively with Terlipressin, Midodrine, Albumin. Such combination therapy at the early stage of diagnosis can prevent further complications. Keywords: HRS, CLD, Albumin, Terlipressin, Midodrine.
{"title":"Case Report On Hepatorenal Syndrome","authors":"","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.004","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a potentially reversible renal impairment where the kidney \u0000function is stopped due to renal vasoconstriction resulting from extreme vasodilation. This case \u0000report describes a 64 year old female with Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease. Her clinical \u0000history and physical findings shows a decreased renal function secondary to chronic liver disease \u0000and was later diagnosed as HRS. HRS can be managed effectively with Terlipressin, Midodrine, \u0000Albumin. Such combination therapy at the early stage of diagnosis can prevent further \u0000complications. \u0000Keywords: HRS, CLD, Albumin, Terlipressin, Midodrine.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80509109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.007
Ajay Kumar, S. V. Kulkarni, K. Manjunath
Bilayer floating tablets of Dothiepin HCL were developed by direct compression method. Immediate release layer contains 30 mg of drug and super disintegrant sodium starch glycolate, serves the purpose of loading dose. Sustained release layer contained HPMC K4M, natural polymers like xanthan gum, guar gum, karaya gum release the drug for 12 hours’ time. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid are used to produce effervescence. Floating lag time of optimized tablet is 92 sec, whereas floating duration is more than 12 hours. FTIR results revealed that there was no interaction between drug and HPMC K4M / xanthan gum. The post compression parameters of developed tablets were found to be satisfactory. In this study, it was confirmed that the formulations containing HPMC K4M, have shown better floating properties and finally the formulation containing a combination of HPMC K4M and xanthan gum in 3:1 ratio, has exhibited decent sustained drug release properties. The release kinetics of optimized formulation prepared with the combination of HPMC K4M and xanthan gum followed zero order kinetics. Keywords: Floating Bilayer Tablet, Dothiepin HCL, HPMC K4M, Xanthan Gum, FTIR.
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Floating Sustained Release Bilayer Tablets Containing Dothiepin HCl","authors":"Ajay Kumar, S. V. Kulkarni, K. Manjunath","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.007","url":null,"abstract":"Bilayer floating tablets of Dothiepin HCL were developed by direct compression method. \u0000Immediate release layer contains 30 mg of drug and super disintegrant sodium starch glycolate, \u0000serves the purpose of loading dose. Sustained release layer contained HPMC K4M, natural \u0000polymers like xanthan gum, guar gum, karaya gum release the drug for 12 hours’ time. Sodium \u0000bicarbonate and citric acid are used to produce effervescence. Floating lag time of optimized tablet \u0000is 92 sec, whereas floating duration is more than 12 hours. FTIR results revealed that there was no \u0000interaction between drug and HPMC K4M / xanthan gum. The post compression parameters of \u0000developed tablets were found to be satisfactory. In this study, it was confirmed that the \u0000formulations containing HPMC K4M, have shown better floating properties and finally the \u0000formulation containing a combination of HPMC K4M and xanthan gum in 3:1 ratio, has exhibited \u0000decent sustained drug release properties. The release kinetics of optimized formulation prepared \u0000with the combination of HPMC K4M and xanthan gum followed zero order kinetics. \u0000Keywords: Floating Bilayer Tablet, Dothiepin HCL, HPMC K4M, Xanthan Gum, FTIR.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80706442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.001
S. Sheikh, Sonal Gupta, G. D. Dahikar
A new type of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2) that has began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 has grasped the whole world. Since then, there are approximately 2.59 million deaths has been caused by Covid-19. After numerous attempts and hard work from healthcare system, this deadly virus is in control by using vaccines like Covaxin and Covishield. But new problems are emerging even after the discovery of vaccines. Patients have been experiencing various health problems after recovering from Covid-19. This review article discussed about different sequalae and syndromes that are emerging in patients after postcovid recovery. Keywords: Covid-19, Sequalae, Syndrome, Postrecovery symptoms.
{"title":"A Systematic Review about Covid-19 Sequalae and Syndrome","authors":"S. Sheikh, Sonal Gupta, G. D. Dahikar","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.001","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2) that has began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 has grasped the whole world. Since then, there are approximately 2.59 million deaths has been caused by Covid-19. After numerous attempts and hard work from healthcare system, this deadly virus is in control by using vaccines like Covaxin and Covishield. But new problems are emerging even after the discovery of vaccines. Patients have been experiencing various health problems after recovering from Covid-19. This review article discussed about different sequalae and syndromes that are emerging in patients after postcovid recovery.\u0000Keywords: Covid-19, Sequalae, Syndrome, Postrecovery symptoms.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79016277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.003
K. Brice, B. Yves-Alain
This research work was carried out on the species Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott (Nephrolepidaceae), a fern from Côte d’Ivoire with the aim of establishing its phytochemical, antioxidant and biological profile. The results obtained from the phytochemical screening show that said species contains alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, polyphenols, sterols, terpenes, and tannins. The antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically against the DPPH radical in comparison with that of vitamin C. The determination of the antibacterial parameters indicates that N. biserrata doesn’t exhibit any bactericidal action against the bacterial strains tested. Regarding the vermicidal activity against earthworms, decocts of N. biserrata showed an anthelmintic effect, which however remains less pronounced than that of albendazole, the anthelmintic antiparasitic taken as a reference. Keywords: Nephrolepis biserrata, phytochemical screening, antioxidant, antibacterial, vermicide.
本研究工作是对双鼠肾(Nephrolepis biserrata, Sw.)进行的。Schott (Nephrolepidaceae)，一种产自Côte d ' ivivire的蕨类植物，目的是建立其植物化学、抗氧化和生物学特征。植物化学筛选结果表明，该物种含有生物碱、香豆素、类黄酮、多酚、甾醇、萜烯和单宁。用分光光度法测定了其对DPPH自由基的抗氧化活性，并与维生素c的抗氧化活性进行了比较。在对蚯蚓的杀虫活性方面，双生藤煎剂有驱虫作用，但不如阿苯达唑的驱虫作用明显。关键词:双色松，植物化学筛选，抗氧化，抗菌，杀虫。
{"title":"Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Nephrolepis biserrata, a Fern Variety From Côte D’Ivoire","authors":"K. Brice, B. Yves-Alain","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.003","url":null,"abstract":"This research work was carried out on the species Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott \u0000(Nephrolepidaceae), a fern from Côte d’Ivoire with the aim of establishing its phytochemical, \u0000antioxidant and biological profile. The results obtained from the phytochemical screening show \u0000that said species contains alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, polyphenols, sterols, terpenes, and \u0000tannins. The antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically against the DPPH radical in \u0000comparison with that of vitamin C. The determination of the antibacterial parameters indicates that \u0000N. biserrata doesn’t exhibit any bactericidal action against the bacterial strains tested. Regarding \u0000the vermicidal activity against earthworms, decocts of N. biserrata showed an anthelmintic effect, \u0000which however remains less pronounced than that of albendazole, the anthelmintic antiparasitic \u0000taken as a reference. \u0000Keywords: Nephrolepis biserrata, phytochemical screening, antioxidant, antibacterial, vermicide.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"1980 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86588133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.006
R. Chethan, P. Ashokkumar
Recently, solid lipid Nano-particles have received much attention by the researchers owing to its biodegradability, biocompatibility and the ability to deliver a wide range of drugs. The aim of the present study was to design Diltiazem solid lipid Nano-particles and to evaluate them. Diltiazem solid lipid Nano-particles were prepared by hot homogenization technique using different lipids (Tristearin, GMS and Comprital), soy lecithin as stabilizers and tween 80, Poloxamer as surfactants. The Nano-particles were evaluated for particle size & PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. The particle size ranged from 49.7 to 523.7 nm. PDI of all formulations were good within the range of 0.189 to 0.427. The zeta potential ranged from -10.5 to -29.6 Mv, Entrapment efficiency of all formulations were observed was in the range of 78.68 to 95.23 %. The cumulative percentage release of Diltiazem from different Diltiazem Nano-particles varied from 53.36 to 88.74% depending upon the drug lipid ratio and the type of lipid used. The average percentage of drug released from different SLNs after 24 hours showed in the following order: F9 (53.35%) < F6 (56.75%) < F4 (61.74%) < F7 (63.8%) < F5(67.77%) < F8(69.04%) < F3(75.31%) < F1(79.36%)
{"title":"Design, Development and Evaluation Of Anti-Hypertensive Drug Solid Lipid Nano Particles","authors":"R. Chethan, P. Ashokkumar","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.006","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, solid lipid Nano-particles have received much attention by the researchers owing to \u0000its biodegradability, biocompatibility and the ability to deliver a wide range of drugs. The aim of \u0000the present study was to design Diltiazem solid lipid Nano-particles and to evaluate them. \u0000Diltiazem solid lipid Nano-particles were prepared by hot homogenization technique using \u0000different lipids (Tristearin, GMS and Comprital), soy lecithin as stabilizers and tween \u000080, Poloxamer as surfactants. The Nano-particles were evaluated for particle size & PDI, zeta \u0000potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. The particle size ranged from 49.7 to \u0000523.7 nm. PDI of all formulations were good within the range of 0.189 to 0.427. The zeta \u0000potential ranged from -10.5 to -29.6 Mv, Entrapment efficiency of all formulations were \u0000observed was in the range of 78.68 to 95.23 %. The cumulative percentage release of Diltiazem \u0000from different Diltiazem Nano-particles varied from 53.36 to 88.74% depending upon the drug \u0000lipid ratio and the type of lipid used. The average percentage of drug released from different \u0000SLNs after 24 hours showed in the following order: F9 (53.35%) < F6 (56.75%) < F4 (61.74%) < \u0000F7 (63.8%) < F5(67.77%) < F8(69.04%) < F3(75.31%) < F1(79.36%) <F2 (88.74%) \u0000respectively. The release kinetic studies showed that the release was first order diffusion controlled \u0000and the n values obtained from the Korsmeyer-Peppa’s model indicated the release mechanism \u0000was Quasi-Fickian type (n-value of 0.47). \u0000Keywords: Diltiazem, solid lipid Nano-particles, FTIR, in vitro drug release.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74677070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.004
Kalyani V. Tighare, Amol V. Sawale
To develop and validate simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical reverse phase-highperformance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for of stress degradation study of Teneligliptin. The separation and quantization were achieved on Inertsil C18(250 mm × 4.6ID,5 um ). The mobile phase selected was Methanol: Water (90:10) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and detection of analytes was carried out at 248nm at pH 3. The method exhibited good linearity over the range of 10–50 μg/mL. The drug is freely soluble in organic solvents Methanol. The drug was identified in terms of solubility studies and on the basis of melting point done by capillary tube method. The drug which when subjected to thermal, photolytic, oxidative, and acidic stress degraded into many degradation products. In most of the cases, the degradation rate was seen to be directly proportional to the amount of stress applied. The thermal stress was increased by increasing the incubation temperature, the faster the degradation took place. The values of LOD were found to be 0.956 ug/ml for TNG and the calculated LOQ values were found to be 0.171 ug/ml.
{"title":"Method Development, Validation and Stress Degradation Study of Teneligliptin by RP-HPLC","authors":"Kalyani V. Tighare, Amol V. Sawale","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.004","url":null,"abstract":"To develop and validate simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical reverse phase-highperformance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for of stress degradation study of Teneligliptin. The separation and quantization were achieved on Inertsil C18(250 mm × 4.6ID,5 um ). The mobile phase selected was Methanol: Water (90:10) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and detection of analytes was carried out at 248nm at pH 3. The method exhibited good linearity over the range of 10–50 μg/mL. The drug is freely soluble in organic solvents Methanol. The drug was identified in terms of solubility studies and on the basis of melting point done by capillary tube method. The drug which when subjected to thermal, photolytic, oxidative, and acidic stress degraded into many degradation products. In most of the cases, the degradation rate was seen to be directly proportional to the amount of stress applied. The thermal stress was increased by increasing the incubation temperature, the faster the degradation took place. The values of LOD were found to be 0.956 ug/ml for TNG and the calculated LOQ values were found to be 0.171 ug/ml.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81774127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.005
Kouassi Affoue Delphine, Baguia-Broune Fatou Diane Michelle, N’gaman-Kouassi Kohué Christelle Chantal, Mamyrbékova-Békro Janat Akhanovna, V. David, B. Yves-Alain
As part of research on plants of interest for the floristic biodiversity of Côte d'Ivoire, a phytochemical investigation of the stems of Cissus aralioides, a species with medicinal properties of the botanical family Vitaceae, was produced. The mineral and organic compositions of said extract were determined, respectively by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and by GC-MS. Elemental chemical analysis revealed considerable levels of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn), macro elements (Ca, Mg, P, K), and the presence of other elements (Ba, Ti, La, Cs, Rb, Ta, Cd). Analysis by GC-MS shows the existence of several active ingredients such as phenol acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and phytosterols. A major phytosterol (E-resveratrol) has been isolated from C. aralioides growing in Ivory Coast.
{"title":"Phytochemical investigation of Cissus aralioides stems from Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Kouassi Affoue Delphine, Baguia-Broune Fatou Diane Michelle, N’gaman-Kouassi Kohué Christelle Chantal, Mamyrbékova-Békro Janat Akhanovna, V. David, B. Yves-Alain","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.005","url":null,"abstract":"As part of research on plants of interest for the floristic biodiversity of Côte d'Ivoire, a phytochemical investigation of the stems of Cissus aralioides, a species with medicinal properties of the botanical family Vitaceae, was produced. The mineral and organic compositions of said extract were determined, respectively by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and by GC-MS. Elemental chemical analysis revealed considerable levels of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn), macro elements (Ca, Mg, P, K), and the presence of other elements (Ba, Ti, La, Cs, Rb, Ta, Cd). Analysis by GC-MS shows the existence of several active ingredients such as phenol acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and phytosterols. A major phytosterol (E-resveratrol) has been isolated from C. aralioides growing in Ivory Coast.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83830969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.002
Sahil, I. Kaushik, Aaradhita Kaler
A respiratory disease of unknown cause detected in Wuhan, China was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. On 11 February 2020, WHO announced a name for the new coronavirus disease: COVID19. WHO is working 24 X 7 to provide advice, analyze data, coordinate with partners, help countries prepare, increase supplies and manage networks with experts. By 11 June 2020 Current evidence suggests that most transmission occurs from symptomatic people through close contact with others very rapidly. Correspondingly, most of recommendations by WHO on personal protective measures like use of masks and physical or social distancing are based on controlling transmission from symptomatic patients, including those with mild symptoms who are not easy to identify early. Comprehensive studies on transmission from asymptomatic patients are difficult to conduct, as they require testing of large population cohorts and more data are needed to better understand and quantify the transmissibility of SARSCoV-2. During this global pandemic, the medical device regulatory environment is quickly adapting to meet the challenge of supplying sufficient PPE to front-line healthcare providers and lifesaving equipment to those people in medical need. Manufacturers of medical device have to rise up to meet this challenge and embrace these opportunities to bring their device faster to the market and help us to take us out safely on the other side of the COVID-19 curve. One industry that is majorly impacted by this global crisis is the ventilator industry. There’s currently thought to be a global shortage of thousands of ventilators as the world attempts to tackle the deadly pandemic. During this pandemic health care systems are overwhelmed, and the effective delivery of medical care to all patients has become a challenge worldwide. Insufficient attention to early warning signs, inadequate stockpiling, lack of access to testing kits and personal protective equipment (PPE), and nationwide variability in the approaches to testing, distribution of PPE, and timing and degree of social distancing measures likely all affected the spread of the disease. Inadequate PPE, overcrowding, and difficulty protecting existing patients are key challenges to the medical industry.
{"title":"Future of Pharma Industry and Medical Devices after Corona Pandemic","authors":"Sahil, I. Kaushik, Aaradhita Kaler","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.002","url":null,"abstract":"A respiratory disease of unknown cause detected in Wuhan, China was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. On 11 February 2020, WHO announced a name for the new coronavirus disease: COVID19. WHO is working 24 X 7 to provide advice, analyze data, coordinate with partners, help countries prepare, increase supplies and manage networks with experts. By 11 June 2020 Current evidence suggests that most transmission occurs from symptomatic people through close contact with others very rapidly. Correspondingly, most of recommendations by WHO on personal protective measures like use of masks and physical or social distancing are based on controlling transmission from symptomatic patients, including those with mild symptoms who are not easy to identify early. Comprehensive studies on transmission from asymptomatic patients are difficult to conduct, as they require testing of large population cohorts and more data are needed to better understand and quantify the transmissibility of SARSCoV-2. During this global pandemic, the medical device regulatory environment is quickly adapting to meet the challenge of supplying sufficient PPE to front-line healthcare providers and lifesaving equipment to those people in medical need. Manufacturers of medical device have to rise up to meet this challenge and embrace these opportunities to bring their device faster to the market and help us to take us out safely on the other side of the COVID-19 curve. One industry that is majorly impacted by this global crisis is the ventilator industry. There’s currently thought to be a global shortage of thousands of ventilators as the world attempts to tackle the deadly pandemic. During this pandemic health care systems are overwhelmed, and the effective delivery of medical care to all patients has become a challenge worldwide. Insufficient attention to early warning signs, inadequate stockpiling, lack of access to testing kits and personal protective equipment (PPE), and nationwide variability in the approaches to testing, distribution of PPE, and timing and degree of social distancing measures likely all affected the spread of the disease. Inadequate PPE, overcrowding, and difficulty protecting existing patients are key challenges to the medical industry.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89230216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.003
K. Srivalli, N. Annapurna, K. Babu, C. Ramdas, H. Sharma, V. Kumar, K. Kumar, N. Srinivas
A sensitive and rapid HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of potential genotoxic impurities i.e (Bromomethyl)biphenyl methyl ester and (Dibromomethyl)biphenyl methylester at trace level in Telmisartan drug substance by applying the concept of threshold of toxicological concern (TTC). The HPLC method was developed and optimized on Symmetry Shield RP18, 3.5 (150mm × 4.6mm) column with oven temperature maintaining at 40°C and 0.02M Phosphate buffer pH 2.5 was chosen as mobile phase A and mixture of acetonitrile and Phosphate buffer (55:45) was selected as mobile phase B in gradient reverse phase mode in isocratic mode of composition. Chromatographic parameters i.e flow rate: 1.0 ml/min, wavelength detection: 205 nm, injection volume: 20μl and run time: 25 min were applied in this methodology. Based on validation data, the method is found to be specific, sensitive, accurate and precise. The established limits of Limit of detection and Limit of quantification for subjected impurities are found to be 2.4 μg/g and 4.7 μg/g respectively for each impurity. The recovery at LOQ level obtained was 98.2% for (Bromomethyl) biphenyl methyl ester and 99.2% for (Dibromomethyl) biphenyl methyl ester. This method can be used as good quality control tool for quantization of these impurities at low level. The experimental results are discussed in detail in this research paper.
{"title":"Low Level Quantification of Potential Genotoxic Impurities In Telmisartan Drug Substance by HPLC","authors":"K. Srivalli, N. Annapurna, K. Babu, C. Ramdas, H. Sharma, V. Kumar, K. Kumar, N. Srinivas","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i3.003","url":null,"abstract":"A sensitive and rapid HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of potential genotoxic impurities i.e (Bromomethyl)biphenyl methyl ester and (Dibromomethyl)biphenyl methylester at trace level in Telmisartan drug substance by applying the concept of threshold of toxicological concern (TTC). The HPLC method was developed and optimized on Symmetry Shield RP18, 3.5 (150mm × 4.6mm) column with oven temperature maintaining at 40°C and 0.02M Phosphate buffer pH 2.5 was chosen as mobile phase A and mixture of acetonitrile and Phosphate buffer (55:45) was selected as mobile phase B in gradient reverse phase mode in isocratic mode of composition. Chromatographic parameters i.e flow rate: 1.0 ml/min, wavelength detection: 205 nm, injection volume: 20μl and run time: 25 min were applied in this methodology. Based on validation data, the method is found to be specific, sensitive, accurate and precise. The established limits of Limit of detection and Limit of quantification for subjected impurities are found to be 2.4 μg/g and 4.7 μg/g respectively for each impurity. The recovery at LOQ level obtained was 98.2% for (Bromomethyl) biphenyl methyl ester and 99.2% for (Dibromomethyl) biphenyl methyl ester. This method can be used as good quality control tool for quantization of these impurities at low level. The experimental results are discussed in detail in this research paper.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73301165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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