Pub Date : 2019-10-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.005
M. S, P. T, P. P, S. Gp
Manoj Kumar S*, Pramila T, Poojashree P, Senthil kumar GP Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharathi College of Pharmacy, Bharathi Nagara, K.M.Doddi, Maddur Taluk, Mandya District, Karnataka, India – 571 422 ABSTRACT In pharmaceutical products the presence of impurity assures the quality. It is important to identify potential source of impurities. Estimation of impurities is done by variety of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques either alone or combination with other techniques. These different methods for detecting and characterizing impurities with IR, TLC, HPLC, MASS, NMR, HPTLC etc.
{"title":"Review On Pharmaceutical Scope and Estimation of Impurities","authors":"M. S, P. T, P. P, S. Gp","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.005","url":null,"abstract":"Manoj Kumar S*, Pramila T, Poojashree P, Senthil kumar GP Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharathi College of Pharmacy, Bharathi Nagara, K.M.Doddi, Maddur Taluk, Mandya District, Karnataka, India – 571 422 ABSTRACT In pharmaceutical products the presence of impurity assures the quality. It is important to identify potential source of impurities. Estimation of impurities is done by variety of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques either alone or combination with other techniques. These different methods for detecting and characterizing impurities with IR, TLC, HPLC, MASS, NMR, HPTLC etc.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77222461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.004
ElBakali Rachid, Maamri Abdellatif, Smiri Youssef
ElBakali Rachid*, Maamri Abdellatif , Smiri Youssef Team of Health and Environment, EDD Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco ABSTRAC Our health is influenced by many factors, called the determinants of health. WHO has defined its determinants as the set of "personal, social, economic and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations" (WHO, 1999). Conceptual models or theoretical frameworks help us to understand the complex issues that impede the determinants of health, support health planning interventions and policy development, and most importantly, understand the dimensions of health in order to act to reduce health inequalities between different population groups. This study examined diachronically different frameworks related to the determinants of health, classified them into forty-one conceptual frameworks developed by different countries, organizations and theorists and described as explanatory frameworks, and/or interactive frameworks, and/or action-oriented frameworks. Each framework is detailed according to the important elements and its field of interest. Five frameworks were selected after an in-depth analysis to agree on a comprehensive framework adapted to the Moroccan context and current political concerns and knowledge. In this perspective, our project proposes a conceptual framework of health determinants specific to the Moroccan context that is based on a holistic and intersectoral approach, which recognizes social inequalities in health, describes the role of individuals and communities, gives the importance of upstream action, and helps to improve our understanding of complex problems in the Moroccan health system.
{"title":"Towards the development of a model of Health Determinants for Morocco","authors":"ElBakali Rachid, Maamri Abdellatif, Smiri Youssef","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.004","url":null,"abstract":"ElBakali Rachid*, Maamri Abdellatif , Smiri Youssef Team of Health and Environment, EDD Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco ABSTRAC Our health is influenced by many factors, called the determinants of health. WHO has defined its determinants as the set of \"personal, social, economic and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations\" (WHO, 1999). Conceptual models or theoretical frameworks help us to understand the complex issues that impede the determinants of health, support health planning interventions and policy development, and most importantly, understand the dimensions of health in order to act to reduce health inequalities between different population groups. This study examined diachronically different frameworks related to the determinants of health, classified them into forty-one conceptual frameworks developed by different countries, organizations and theorists and described as explanatory frameworks, and/or interactive frameworks, and/or action-oriented frameworks. Each framework is detailed according to the important elements and its field of interest. Five frameworks were selected after an in-depth analysis to agree on a comprehensive framework adapted to the Moroccan context and current political concerns and knowledge. In this perspective, our project proposes a conceptual framework of health determinants specific to the Moroccan context that is based on a holistic and intersectoral approach, which recognizes social inequalities in health, describes the role of individuals and communities, gives the importance of upstream action, and helps to improve our understanding of complex problems in the Moroccan health system.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78644770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.002
Manisha Patel, G. Saraogi, Shailesh Sharma
Please cite this article as: Patel M et al., Ex-Vivo Efficacy of Rifabutin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles . American Journal of PharmTech Research 2019. Ex-Vivo Efficacy of Rifabutin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Manisha Patel , Gaurav K. Saraogi, Shailesh Sharma 1.NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University , Sobha nagar New Delhi Highway, Jaipur303121 (Rajasthan) 2.NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur Maharashtra India ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is a ubiquitous, highly contagious chronic granulamatous communicable bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other species of same genera. “Rifabutin” which is useful in the management of tuberculosis. Formulated Rifabutin in the form of solid lipid nanoparticle evaluated for their efficacy ex-vivo by checking for various interactions. Thus, physiological parameters like cellular uptake, MTT cytotoxicity assay and hemolytic toxicity of rifabutin loaded mannosylated solid lipid nanoparticles are determined and compared. The present work establishes the suitability of rifabutin loaded mannosylated solid lipid nanoparticles as a delivery system.
{"title":"Ex-Vivo Efficacy of Rifabutin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles","authors":"Manisha Patel, G. Saraogi, Shailesh Sharma","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.002","url":null,"abstract":"Please cite this article as: Patel M et al., Ex-Vivo Efficacy of Rifabutin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles . American Journal of PharmTech Research 2019. Ex-Vivo Efficacy of Rifabutin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Manisha Patel , Gaurav K. Saraogi, Shailesh Sharma 1.NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University , Sobha nagar New Delhi Highway, Jaipur303121 (Rajasthan) 2.NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur Maharashtra India ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is a ubiquitous, highly contagious chronic granulamatous communicable bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other species of same genera. “Rifabutin” which is useful in the management of tuberculosis. Formulated Rifabutin in the form of solid lipid nanoparticle evaluated for their efficacy ex-vivo by checking for various interactions. Thus, physiological parameters like cellular uptake, MTT cytotoxicity assay and hemolytic toxicity of rifabutin loaded mannosylated solid lipid nanoparticles are determined and compared. The present work establishes the suitability of rifabutin loaded mannosylated solid lipid nanoparticles as a delivery system.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81498110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.001
S. Patil, Komal Mhatre, A. Shirode, V. Kadam
Co-crystallization is an emerging approach for enhancing physicochemical properties like solubility, stability, bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs of BCS class II in pharmaceutical development without changing the chemical composition and considered better alternatives to optimize drug properties. Co-crystal is a crystalline entity consists of API and a stoichiometric amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable co-crystal former formed by intermolecular interactions like Hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and Van der Waals forces. In this article, an overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals will be presented along with the intermolecular interactions (Chemistry of Co-crystals), methods of their preparations, characterization of co-crystals altered physicochemical properties. Furthermore, this article also gives a brief explanation about newer trends in co-crystals with application of co-crystals in medicines and industries. *Corresponding Author Email: shaktipalpatil@yahoo.com Received 04 April 2019, Accepted 16 April 2019 Journal home page: http://www.ajptr.com/ Patil et. al., Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2019;9(05) ISSN: 2249-3387 www.ajptr.com 2 INTRODUCTION The pharmaceutical industry encompasses wide variety of products out of which most are manufactured as solid dosage forms. Successful pharmaceutical development of a drug molecule depends not only on its potency and selectivity but also on its stability. Thus, the properties active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) depends on the identity of its constituents as well as on their arrangements. Many potential drugs failed due their unfavourable properties such as poor water solubility, unfavourable bioavailability, physical and chemical instability, inappropriate dissolution. It is easy to solve solubility problem of amorphous form, but difficult for crystalline drug. The precise control of molecular orientation and packing arrangement in the crystal of drug molecules can improve their solubility with no alteration in stability and biological activity. The solid APIs exist in different forms such as crystalline solids, amorphous forms, polymorphs, solvates, hydrates, salts. Many a times an API cannot be formulated in its pure form due to various issues of instability, solubility, compatibility, dissolution, etc. Thus, they are converted to solid forms such as polymorphs, salts, solvates, hydrates, amorphous and co-crystals. Improving the solubility of BCS class II drugs is currently one of the main challenges for the pharmaceutical industry for drug development. The traditional approaches for enhancing poor aqueous solubility (e.g., salt formation, micronization, solid dispersion formulations) often fail to produce a viable solid form, as the increase in dissolution rate achieved is frequently insufficient to provide adequate enhancement of bioavailability. Over the last decade, there has been growing interests in the design of pharmaceutical co-crystals, which emerges as a potential method for enhancing
{"title":"Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals: An Emerging Approach for Enhancement of Solubility and Bioavailability of a Drug","authors":"S. Patil, Komal Mhatre, A. Shirode, V. Kadam","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.001","url":null,"abstract":"Co-crystallization is an emerging approach for enhancing physicochemical properties like solubility, stability, bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs of BCS class II in pharmaceutical development without changing the chemical composition and considered better alternatives to optimize drug properties. Co-crystal is a crystalline entity consists of API and a stoichiometric amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable co-crystal former formed by intermolecular interactions like Hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and Van der Waals forces. In this article, an overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals will be presented along with the intermolecular interactions (Chemistry of Co-crystals), methods of their preparations, characterization of co-crystals altered physicochemical properties. Furthermore, this article also gives a brief explanation about newer trends in co-crystals with application of co-crystals in medicines and industries. *Corresponding Author Email: shaktipalpatil@yahoo.com Received 04 April 2019, Accepted 16 April 2019 Journal home page: http://www.ajptr.com/ Patil et. al., Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2019;9(05) ISSN: 2249-3387 www.ajptr.com 2 INTRODUCTION The pharmaceutical industry encompasses wide variety of products out of which most are manufactured as solid dosage forms. Successful pharmaceutical development of a drug molecule depends not only on its potency and selectivity but also on its stability. Thus, the properties active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) depends on the identity of its constituents as well as on their arrangements. Many potential drugs failed due their unfavourable properties such as poor water solubility, unfavourable bioavailability, physical and chemical instability, inappropriate dissolution. It is easy to solve solubility problem of amorphous form, but difficult for crystalline drug. The precise control of molecular orientation and packing arrangement in the crystal of drug molecules can improve their solubility with no alteration in stability and biological activity. The solid APIs exist in different forms such as crystalline solids, amorphous forms, polymorphs, solvates, hydrates, salts. Many a times an API cannot be formulated in its pure form due to various issues of instability, solubility, compatibility, dissolution, etc. Thus, they are converted to solid forms such as polymorphs, salts, solvates, hydrates, amorphous and co-crystals. Improving the solubility of BCS class II drugs is currently one of the main challenges for the pharmaceutical industry for drug development. The traditional approaches for enhancing poor aqueous solubility (e.g., salt formation, micronization, solid dispersion formulations) often fail to produce a viable solid form, as the increase in dissolution rate achieved is frequently insufficient to provide adequate enhancement of bioavailability. Over the last decade, there has been growing interests in the design of pharmaceutical co-crystals, which emerges as a potential method for enhancing ","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89195681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.018
P. Anusha
P. Anusha, P. TripuraSundari Department of Pharmaceutics, RBVRR College of pharmacy Affiliated to Osmania University, Barkatpura, Hyderabad-500027, India ABSTRACT A muscle spasm, or muscle cramp, is an involuntary contraction of a muscle. Muscle spasms occur suddenly, usually resolve quickly, and are often painful. The use of NSAIDs has been routine in the management of muscle spasm. Although effective at reducing pain and inflammation. NSAIDs may not be appropriate to use frequently or longer time due to their known side effects. Natural agents like camphor and menthol are having analgesic activity as well as each active individual ingredient has its own medicinal value. For greater and effective results we are using combination of camphor and menthol. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic ointments were prepared by taking 25mg, 50mg and 100mg of each agent as combination of camphor-menthol. All the prepared formulations were evaluated for pH, spreadability and diffusion studies. The selected formulations were evaluated for In-vivo studies in comparison with marketed preparations. The finalized preparation was kept for stability studies according to ICH guidelines.
{"title":"Formulation and Comparative Evaluation Of Semisolid Dosage Forms Of Natural Agents (Camphor and Menthol) for Muscle Spasms","authors":"P. Anusha","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.018","url":null,"abstract":"P. Anusha, P. TripuraSundari Department of Pharmaceutics, RBVRR College of pharmacy Affiliated to Osmania University, Barkatpura, Hyderabad-500027, India ABSTRACT A muscle spasm, or muscle cramp, is an involuntary contraction of a muscle. Muscle spasms occur suddenly, usually resolve quickly, and are often painful. The use of NSAIDs has been routine in the management of muscle spasm. Although effective at reducing pain and inflammation. NSAIDs may not be appropriate to use frequently or longer time due to their known side effects. Natural agents like camphor and menthol are having analgesic activity as well as each active individual ingredient has its own medicinal value. For greater and effective results we are using combination of camphor and menthol. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic ointments were prepared by taking 25mg, 50mg and 100mg of each agent as combination of camphor-menthol. All the prepared formulations were evaluated for pH, spreadability and diffusion studies. The selected formulations were evaluated for In-vivo studies in comparison with marketed preparations. The finalized preparation was kept for stability studies according to ICH guidelines.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75098563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.007
P. P, P. T, M. S, G. Senthil Kumar
In the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, impurities are considered as unwanted chemicals that present in the therapeutically active pharmaceutical compounds. They are unusually potent and expected to produce toxicity; hence it may be shows unexpected pharmacological actions which are harmful to human health. The control of impurities is currently a critical issue to the pharmaceutical industry. The most possible source of impurities is the synthesis that involves various steps, i.e. from starting materials to finished products through the intermediate steps. Impurities in drug substances and drug products are key regulatory issues in the office of generic drugs and have significant impact on the approvability of drugs hence International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines introduce the identification and qualification procedures for them, by using various analytical techniques like TLC, LC, GC, MS, NMR, IR, UV, GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-NMR etc,.
在药物化学领域，杂质被认为是存在于治疗活性药物化合物中的不需要的化学物质。它们的效力异常强大，预计会产生毒性;因此，它可能表现出意想不到的药理作用，对人体健康有害。杂质的控制是目前制药行业的一个关键问题。最可能的杂质来源是涉及各种步骤的合成，即从起始材料到通过中间步骤的成品。原料药和药品中的杂质是仿制药办公室的关键监管问题，对药品的可批准性有重大影响，因此国际统一会议(ICH)和食品药品监督管理局(FDA)指南通过使用各种分析技术，如TLC, LC, GC, MS, NMR, IR, UV, GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-NMR等，介绍了它们的鉴定和鉴定程序。
{"title":"A Review on Pharmaceutical Impurities and its Importance in Pharmacy.","authors":"P. P, P. T, M. S, G. Senthil Kumar","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i5.007","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, impurities are considered as unwanted chemicals that present in the therapeutically active pharmaceutical compounds. They are unusually potent and expected to produce toxicity; hence it may be shows unexpected pharmacological actions which are harmful to human health. The control of impurities is currently a critical issue to the pharmaceutical industry. The most possible source of impurities is the synthesis that involves various steps, i.e. from starting materials to finished products through the intermediate steps. Impurities in drug substances and drug products are key regulatory issues in the office of generic drugs and have significant impact on the approvability of drugs hence International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines introduce the identification and qualification procedures for them, by using various analytical techniques like TLC, LC, GC, MS, NMR, IR, UV, GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-NMR etc,.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72989573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.009
S. Kumari, K. V. Mridhula, T. Kanimozhi, S. Monisha
The present review deals with medicinal plants having anthelminitic activity widely distributed worldwide. Medicinal plants or medicinal herbs are essence of traditional practice. Anthelmisintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. Several preventive and corrective methods for modern medicine are available, however, it is not safe due to serious side effects .In order to overcome these side effects, there is a need of natural anthelminitic agents with minimal side effects. In ancient and modern pharmacology period, several number of medicinal plants having anti-anthelmintic efficacy. This review article gives the list of medicinal plants having anthelminitic activity.
{"title":"In Vitro Anthelminitic Activity of Medicinal Plants -A Review","authors":"S. Kumari, K. V. Mridhula, T. Kanimozhi, S. Monisha","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.009","url":null,"abstract":"The present review deals with medicinal plants having anthelminitic activity widely distributed worldwide. Medicinal plants or medicinal herbs are essence of traditional practice. Anthelmisintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. Several preventive and corrective methods for modern medicine are available, however, it is not safe due to serious side effects .In order to overcome these side effects, there is a need of natural anthelminitic agents with minimal side effects. In ancient and modern pharmacology period, several number of medicinal plants having anti-anthelmintic efficacy. This review article gives the list of medicinal plants having anthelminitic activity.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80161719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.015
P. Arora, S. Ansari, S. Arora
The word ‘Beverage’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘bever’ meaning rest from work. At the most basic level, beverage are the portable drinks other than water that humans can consume to satisfy energy, thirst or hydration. Beverages are not usually consumed for their food value, but many, particularly the fruit drinks, contain quite a high percentage of sugar, vitamins and minerals, and, therefore, add to the energy content of the diet. They may be in the form of freshly squeezed juices to chemical-packed energy drinks. For hundreds of thousands of years, the idea of a beverage was restricted to water, milk or any fruit juice but with passage of time, there came alcohol, wine, various teas, coffees, cocktails, ciders and sodas, A wide range of plant materials are used to manufacture beverages. Broadly, there are two types of beverages alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverage”. Former is used as a generic term for beverages that contain more than 2.50% alcohol by volume, nevertheless such that the minimum age provision in applies to beverages containing between 0.70 and 2.50 per cent alcohol by volume. These include leaves, stems, sap, fruits, tubers, and seeds (grains). China and India are the fastest growing markets for non-alcoholic beverages.
{"title":"Nutritional Beverages","authors":"P. Arora, S. Ansari, S. Arora","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.015","url":null,"abstract":"The word ‘Beverage’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘bever’ meaning rest from work. At the most basic level, beverage are the portable drinks other than water that humans can consume to satisfy energy, thirst or hydration. Beverages are not usually consumed for their food value, but many, particularly the fruit drinks, contain quite a high percentage of sugar, vitamins and minerals, and, therefore, add to the energy content of the diet. They may be in the form of freshly squeezed juices to chemical-packed energy drinks. For hundreds of thousands of years, the idea of a beverage was restricted to water, milk or any fruit juice but with passage of time, there came alcohol, wine, various teas, coffees, cocktails, ciders and sodas, A wide range of plant materials are used to manufacture beverages. Broadly, there are two types of beverages alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverage”. Former is used as a generic term for beverages that contain more than 2.50% alcohol by volume, nevertheless such that the minimum age provision in applies to beverages containing between 0.70 and 2.50 per cent alcohol by volume. These include leaves, stems, sap, fruits, tubers, and seeds (grains). China and India are the fastest growing markets for non-alcoholic beverages.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89955345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.013
Saripadiya Nimesh D, Bhatt Varun, Parsa Kartik, Fanda Anuj K
Abuse and misuse of prescription opioids is a significant public health concern. The strategies used to confer abuse-deterrent properties on opioid abuse deterrent formulations (ADFs). The objective of this study was to develop techniques for an abuse deterrent (AD) platform utilizing the Granurex process. For the preparation of abuse deterrent extended release formulation core material was layered with dry active pharmaceutical ingredient with the help of Granurex technology and after the drug layering suitable polymeric coat was applied to make formulation crushed resistance and resistance to dose dumping. Formulation optimization was accomplished by utilizing full factorial design of experiments to determine the effect of the three formulation factors: Ethyl cellulose 45 cps, white wax and carbopol 974P NF; each of which was studied at three levels on crushed resistance (CR) attributes of the produced extended release pellets. Suitable formulation ingredients were employed as carrier matrices and processing aids. All of the formulations were evaluated for the crushed resistance and dose dumping attributes, such as crushing strength, extraction studies of drug in different levels of solvents and particle size . All of the design of experiments formulations demonstrated sufficient hardness and elasticity, and could not be reduced into fine particles , which is a desirable feature to prevent snorting. In addition, all of the formulations exhibited good gelling tendency in water with minimal extraction of drug in the aqueous medium. Moreover, Carbopol 974P NF, in combination with white wax, could be utilized to produce pellets with crushed resistance potential. Granurex has been demonstrated to be a viable technique with a potential of develop novel AD formulations.
{"title":"Evaluation of Powder Drug Layering Technique as Possible means of Abuse Deterrent Formulation","authors":"Saripadiya Nimesh D, Bhatt Varun, Parsa Kartik, Fanda Anuj K","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.013","url":null,"abstract":"Abuse and misuse of prescription opioids is a significant public health concern. The strategies used to confer abuse-deterrent properties on opioid abuse deterrent formulations (ADFs). The objective of this study was to develop techniques for an abuse deterrent (AD) platform utilizing the Granurex process. For the preparation of abuse deterrent extended release formulation core material was layered with dry active pharmaceutical ingredient with the help of Granurex technology and after the drug layering suitable polymeric coat was applied to make formulation crushed resistance and resistance to dose dumping. Formulation optimization was accomplished by utilizing full factorial design of experiments to determine the effect of the three formulation factors: Ethyl cellulose 45 cps, white wax and carbopol 974P NF; each of which was studied at three levels on crushed resistance (CR) attributes of the produced extended release pellets. Suitable formulation ingredients were employed as carrier matrices and processing aids. All of the formulations were evaluated for the crushed resistance and dose dumping attributes, such as crushing strength, extraction studies of drug in different levels of solvents and particle size . All of the design of experiments formulations demonstrated sufficient hardness and elasticity, and could not be reduced into fine particles , which is a desirable feature to prevent snorting. In addition, all of the formulations exhibited good gelling tendency in water with minimal extraction of drug in the aqueous medium. Moreover, Carbopol 974P NF, in combination with white wax, could be utilized to produce pellets with crushed resistance potential. Granurex has been demonstrated to be a viable technique with a potential of develop novel AD formulations.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78211981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.008
Mhetre Rm, Kandale Jb, Gunale Sb
Ion exchange resins are cross-linked water insoluble polymer-carrying, ionisable functional groups. IER have received considerable attention from pharmaceutical scientists because of their versatile properties as drug delivery vehicles. Research over the last few years has revealed that IER are equally suitable for drug delivery technologies, including controlled release, transdermal, nasal, topical and taste masking. The major drawback of sustained release of extended release or extended release is dose dumping, resulting in increased risk of toxicity. The use of IER has occupied an important place in the development of controlledor sustained-release systems because of their better drug-retaining properties and prevention of dose dumping. Synthetic ion exchange resins have been used in pharmacy and medicine for taste masking or controlled release of drug. Drug resin complexation converts drug to amorphous form leading to improved drug dissolution. Several studies have reported the use of IER for drug delivery at the desired site of action.
{"title":"Ion Exchange Resin: A Novel Drug Delivery System An overview","authors":"Mhetre Rm, Kandale Jb, Gunale Sb","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.008","url":null,"abstract":"Ion exchange resins are cross-linked water insoluble polymer-carrying, ionisable functional groups. IER have received considerable attention from pharmaceutical scientists because of their versatile properties as drug delivery vehicles. Research over the last few years has revealed that IER are equally suitable for drug delivery technologies, including controlled release, transdermal, nasal, topical and taste masking. The major drawback of sustained release of extended release or extended release is dose dumping, resulting in increased risk of toxicity. The use of IER has occupied an important place in the development of controlledor sustained-release systems because of their better drug-retaining properties and prevention of dose dumping. Synthetic ion exchange resins have been used in pharmacy and medicine for taste masking or controlled release of drug. Drug resin complexation converts drug to amorphous form leading to improved drug dissolution. Several studies have reported the use of IER for drug delivery at the desired site of action.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91371825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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