Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.002
Rehab Tonse, Amit B Patil, S. Shetty
The present study was aimed at the formulation of transdermal patches of flupirtine maleate containing different permeation enhancers. It acts indirectly as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and activates the K+ channels; thereby acts as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Flupirtine maleate transdermal patches are intended to provide localized effect. The patches were prepared by solvent evaporation technique, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the polymer whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as the permeation enhancers. Methanol was used as a solvent to dissolve the drug and glycerol was used as the plasticizer. These patches were evaluated for in vitro permeation, tensile strength, percent moisture absorption, drug content uniformity, film thickness, weight variation and folding endurance. All the patches showed extended release properties. Formulation FDD8 containing 8% polymer and 2% DMSO was found to be the optimized formulation on the basis of evaluation parameters. In vitro permeation release was found to be 95.71 ± 0.01% at the end of 12 h. As the concentration of DMSO increased, the release profile of drug was enhanced. This indicated that DMSO improved the release profile of flupirtine maleate when compared to PEG-400. The release kinetics of the transdermal patches followed Higuchi matrix model. The stability studies showed that all the optimized patches were stable during their study period. From the present study, it can be concluded that addition of DMSO yields good result to enhance the permeation of the drug. Keywords: flupirtine maleate, transdermal patch, permeation enhancers, dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO, polyethylene glycol PEG-400, polyvinyl alcohol PVA.
本研究旨在研究含不同促透剂的马来酸氟吡汀透皮贴剂的配方。间接作为n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂，激活K+通道;从而起到骨骼肌松弛剂的作用。马来酸氟吡汀透皮贴剂旨在提供局部效果。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为聚合物，二甲亚砜(DMSO)和聚乙二醇(PEG-400)为渗透增强剂，采用溶剂蒸发法制备了贴片。以甲醇为溶剂溶解药物，甘油为增塑剂。评估这些贴片的体外渗透性、拉伸强度、吸湿率、药物含量均匀性、膜厚度、重量变化和折叠耐久性。所有补丁都显示了扩展的发布属性。根据评价参数，优选出含8%聚合物和2% DMSO的最佳配方FDD8。12 h体外透释度为95.71±0.01%，随着DMSO浓度的增加，药物释放谱增强。这表明与PEG-400相比，DMSO改善了马来酸氟吡汀的释放特性。透皮贴剂的释放动力学符合Higuchi矩阵模型。稳定性研究表明，所有优化后的贴片在研究期间都是稳定的。从本研究可以看出，添加DMSO对增强药物的渗透性有很好的效果。关键词:马来酸氟吡汀，透皮贴剂，渗透增强剂，二甲亚砜，聚乙二醇PEG-400，聚乙烯醇PVA
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Flupirtine Maleate Transdermal Patch Containing Different Permeation Enhancers","authors":"Rehab Tonse, Amit B Patil, S. Shetty","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.002","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed at the formulation of transdermal patches of flupirtine maleate \u0000containing different permeation enhancers. It acts indirectly as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) \u0000receptor antagonist and activates the K+ channels; thereby acts as a skeletal muscle relaxant. \u0000Flupirtine maleate transdermal patches are intended to provide localized effect. The patches were \u0000prepared by solvent evaporation technique, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the polymer whereas \u0000dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as the permeation enhancers. \u0000Methanol was used as a solvent to dissolve the drug and glycerol was used as the plasticizer. These \u0000patches were evaluated for in vitro permeation, tensile strength, percent moisture absorption, drug \u0000content uniformity, film thickness, weight variation and folding endurance. All the patches showed \u0000extended release properties. Formulation FDD8 containing 8% polymer and 2% DMSO was found \u0000to be the optimized formulation on the basis of evaluation parameters. In vitro permeation release \u0000was found to be 95.71 ± 0.01% at the end of 12 h. As the concentration of DMSO increased, the \u0000release profile of drug was enhanced. This indicated that DMSO improved the release profile of \u0000flupirtine maleate when compared to PEG-400. The release kinetics of the transdermal patches \u0000followed Higuchi matrix model. The stability studies showed that all the optimized patches were \u0000stable during their study period. From the present study, it can be concluded that addition of \u0000DMSO yields good result to enhance the permeation of the drug. \u0000Keywords: flupirtine maleate, transdermal patch, permeation enhancers, dimethyl sulfoxide \u0000DMSO, polyethylene glycol PEG-400, polyvinyl alcohol PVA.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88054248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mouth dissolving tablet disintegrates and dissolves rapidly in the saliva, within a few seconds without the need of drinking water or chewing. A mouth dissolving tablet usually dissolves in the oral cavity within 15 seconds to 3 minutes. Almotriptan malate is an anti migraine drug with bitter taste and shows hepatic metabolism. In the present work, Mouth dissolving tablets of almotriptan malate were prepared by direct compression method using sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium as superdisintegrant with a view to enhance patient compliance and to avoid gastric dysmotility which is common with migraine drugs and for fast action of drug. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, water-absorption ratio and in-vitro dispersion time. Short-term stability studies on the promising formulation indicated that there are no significant changes in drug content and disintegration time. Keywords: Almotriptan malate, Superdisintegrant, Sodium starch glycolate, Crosscarmellose sodium, Taste masking.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Almotriptan Malate","authors":"Gupta Ashish, Mahajan Mahesh, Sharma Pravin, Sharma Ravi, Koka Sweta, Darwhekar Gajanan","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.00610.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.00610.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.006","url":null,"abstract":"Mouth dissolving tablet disintegrates and dissolves rapidly in the saliva, within a few seconds \u0000without the need of drinking water or chewing. A mouth dissolving tablet usually dissolves in the \u0000oral cavity within 15 seconds to 3 minutes. Almotriptan malate is an anti migraine drug with bitter \u0000taste and shows hepatic metabolism. In the present work, Mouth dissolving tablets of almotriptan \u0000malate were prepared by direct compression method using sodium starch glycolate and \u0000croscarmellose sodium as superdisintegrant with a view to enhance patient compliance and to \u0000avoid gastric dysmotility which is common with migraine drugs and for fast action of drug. The \u0000prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting \u0000time, water-absorption ratio and in-vitro dispersion time. Short-term stability studies on the \u0000promising formulation indicated that there are no significant changes in drug content and \u0000disintegration time. \u0000Keywords: Almotriptan malate, Superdisintegrant, Sodium starch glycolate, Crosscarmellose \u0000sodium, Taste masking.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88353460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.009
A. Yadav, P. Wal, P. Verma
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is a key regulator of insulin- stimulating hormones, glucagon-like peptide and glucose dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide. Thus it is a promising target for treatment of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of plasma Dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme lead to enhanced endogenous glucagon like peptide-1, GIP activity which ultimately results in the potentiating of insulin secretion by pancreatic cell and subsequent lowering blood glucose level, HbA [1c], glucose secretion, liver glucose production. One of the principal goals of diabetes management is to attain haemoglobin HbA [1c] treatment goals and prevent the onset or decrease the rate of occurrence of Microvascular conditions.2, 6 numerous treatment options are available for management of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, various class of DPP IV inhibitor being explored such as Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin successfully launched. Several other novel DPP IV inhibitors are in pipeline, Unless there are clear contraindications, metformin monotherapy is prescribed, and if HbA [1c] targets are not attained after 3 months, 1 of several classes of agents could be added, such as sulfonylurea’s, Thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, - glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or basal insulin.2,6 Despite the broad range of therapeutic options, the attainment of HbA [1c] goals among patients with diabetes remains challenging, with just slightly more than half (52%) of diabetes patients attaining the common HbA [1c] goal of < 7.0%. The present review summarizes latest preclinical and clinical trial data of different DPP IV inhibitors with a special emphasis on their DPP8/9 fold selectivity and therapeutic advantages over GLP-1 based approach. Keywords: Diabetes 2, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4, glucose-dependent insulinot
{"title":"Study the effect of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors as an Antidiabetic in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)","authors":"A. Yadav, P. Wal, P. Verma","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.009","url":null,"abstract":"Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is a key regulator of insulin- stimulating hormones, glucagon-like peptide \u0000and glucose dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide. Thus it is a promising target for treatment of \u0000type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of plasma Dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme lead to enhanced \u0000endogenous glucagon like peptide-1, GIP activity which ultimately results in the potentiating of \u0000insulin secretion by pancreatic cell and subsequent lowering blood glucose level, HbA [1c], \u0000glucose secretion, liver glucose production. One of the principal goals of diabetes management is \u0000to attain haemoglobin HbA [1c] treatment goals and prevent the onset or decrease the rate of \u0000occurrence of Microvascular conditions.2, 6 numerous treatment options are available for \u0000management of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, various class of DPP IV inhibitor being explored such as \u0000Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin successfully launched. Several other novel DPP IV inhibitors are in \u0000pipeline, Unless there are clear contraindications, metformin monotherapy is prescribed, and if \u0000HbA [1c] targets are not attained after 3 months, 1 of several classes of agents could be added, \u0000such as sulfonylurea’s, Thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, - glucagon like \u0000peptide-1 receptor agonists, or basal insulin.2,6 Despite the broad range of therapeutic options, the \u0000attainment of HbA [1c] goals among patients with diabetes remains challenging, with just slightly \u0000more than half (52%) of diabetes patients attaining the common HbA [1c] goal of < 7.0%. The \u0000present review summarizes latest preclinical and clinical trial data of different DPP IV inhibitors \u0000with a special emphasis on their DPP8/9 fold selectivity and therapeutic advantages over GLP-1 \u0000based approach. \u0000Keywords: Diabetes 2, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4, glucose-dependent insulinot","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86033958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.003
V. BhambarKunal
Methimazole is active pharmaceutical ingredient effectively utilized in hyperthyroidism. Methimazole inhibits peroxidase as well as iodine interactions with thyroglobulin to produce triiodothyronine with thyroxine. Methimazole shows very low protein binding (1-10%) bounds to plasma proteins and easily metabolized by liver. In this investigation, efforts given to develop a sustained release matrix tablet of Methimazole. Sustained release drug delivery systems are for a maximum of 24 hours clinical effectiveness. Such systems are primarily for the drugs of short elimination half-life. However, drugs with long half-life also qualify if a reduction in steady state fluctuation is desired. Matrix tablets of methimazole were prepared by utilizing direct compression method. HPMC along with Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose used to retard drug release from the dosage form. Matrix tablets of methimazole were evaluated for different quality control test to improve quality of the product. In vitro release study of methimazole matrix tablets shows that polymer percentage used in the formula is enough to extend the release of the drug for at least 12 hr. In dissolution study of matrix of methimazole formulation F2 shows maximum drug release 97.93 % at the end of 6 hours while F1 shows least 83.64 %. Keywords: Matrix tablet, Methimazole, Sustained Release
{"title":"Formulation and Development Matrix Tablets Of Methimazole","authors":"V. BhambarKunal","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.003","url":null,"abstract":"Methimazole is active pharmaceutical ingredient effectively utilized in hyperthyroidism. \u0000Methimazole inhibits peroxidase as well as iodine interactions with thyroglobulin to produce \u0000triiodothyronine with thyroxine. Methimazole shows very low protein binding (1-10%) bounds to \u0000plasma proteins and easily metabolized by liver. In this investigation, efforts given to develop a \u0000sustained release matrix tablet of Methimazole. Sustained release drug delivery systems are for a \u0000maximum of 24 hours clinical effectiveness. Such systems are primarily for the drugs of short \u0000elimination half-life. However, drugs with long half-life also qualify if a reduction in steady state \u0000fluctuation is desired. Matrix tablets of methimazole were prepared by utilizing direct compression \u0000method. HPMC along with Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose used to retard drug release from the \u0000dosage form. Matrix tablets of methimazole were evaluated for different quality control test to \u0000improve quality of the product. In vitro release study of methimazole matrix tablets shows that \u0000polymer percentage used in the formula is enough to extend the release of the drug for at least 12 \u0000hr. In dissolution study of matrix of methimazole formulation F2 shows maximum drug release \u000097.93 % at the end of 6 hours while F1 shows least 83.64 %. \u0000Keywords: Matrix tablet, Methimazole, Sustained Release","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78249691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.005
Namratha Shettigar, Rehab Tonse
Gout is a disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in tissue such as cartilage, synovial membranes, bones and skin which causes inflammation in the synovial tissue. Indomethacin is first line of drug used as NSAID for the treatment of Gout. The aim of this study was to encapsulate Indomethacin in ethyl cellulose microspheres and compare the efficiency of the formulated Indomethacin microspheres with the Marketed formulation. Indomethacin microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method. FTIR studies revealed there was no significant interaction between the drug and polymer. Preformulation studies gave satisfactory results. SEM studies showed a spherical smooth microsphere average size of 10.4±3.04. The percentage entrapment efficiency and percentage drug release after 10 hours was found to be 82.97±1.6 % and 52.04±0.58 % respectively. The therapeutic effect of the Indomethacin microspheres was evaluated by the swelling of knee joints, joint range of motion and histologic analysis of MSU induced rat model. The prepared indomethacin microspheres showed effective prolong in the retention time of the drug in the intra articular cavity to 30 d which is more than that of the marketed formulation. Intra- articular injection of Indomethacin microspheres efficiently relieved inflammatory symptoms such as swelling index, joint range motion and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration than the marketed formulation. Thus intra-articular injection of Indomethacin loaded microspheres proved to be a promising therapeutic method in the treatment of Gout. Keywords: Gout, indomethacin, ethyl cellulose, microspheres, inta-articular
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Indomethacin Parenteral Delivery of Microspheres for the Treatment of Gout","authors":"Namratha Shettigar, Rehab Tonse","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.005","url":null,"abstract":"Gout is a disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in tissue such \u0000as cartilage, synovial membranes, bones and skin which causes inflammation in the synovial \u0000tissue. Indomethacin is first line of drug used as NSAID for the treatment of Gout. The aim of \u0000this study was to encapsulate Indomethacin in ethyl cellulose microspheres and compare the \u0000efficiency of the formulated Indomethacin microspheres with the Marketed formulation. \u0000Indomethacin microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method. FTIR studies \u0000revealed there was no significant interaction between the drug and polymer. Preformulation \u0000studies gave satisfactory results. SEM studies showed a spherical smooth microsphere average \u0000size of 10.4±3.04. The percentage entrapment efficiency and percentage drug release after 10 \u0000hours was found to be 82.97±1.6 % and 52.04±0.58 % respectively. The therapeutic effect of \u0000the Indomethacin microspheres was evaluated by the swelling of knee joints, joint range of \u0000motion and histologic analysis of MSU induced rat model. The prepared indomethacin \u0000microspheres showed effective prolong in the retention time of the drug in the intra articular \u0000cavity to 30 d which is more than that of the marketed formulation. Intra- articular injection of \u0000Indomethacin microspheres efficiently relieved inflammatory symptoms such as swelling index, \u0000joint range motion and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration than the marketed formulation. \u0000Thus intra-articular injection of Indomethacin loaded microspheres proved to be a promising \u0000therapeutic method in the treatment of Gout. \u0000Keywords: Gout, indomethacin, ethyl cellulose, microspheres, inta-articular","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84785480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.008
G. Reddy, Ashok Kumar V, S. V. Kulkarni
The objective of this research work was to carry out design and evaluation of sustained release matrix tablets of Itopride by use of natural and synthetic polymers. Matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique by using natural polymers like Carbopol 934, Tamarind poly saccharide, Locust bean gum, Ethyl cellulose, HPMC K 100 as matrix forming agent and excipients such as Lactose, Starch 1500, Magnesium stearate, MCC and talc were used. The dissolution medium consisted of 900 ml of 0.1 N HCl for first 2 hours and then 7.4 phosphate buffer for remaining 10 hours. The release of Itopride from matrix containing lactose, micro crystalline cellulose and starch 1500 as diluents. The drug release rate was found in order of lactose> micro crystalline cellulose>starch 1500. The formulation was optimized on the basis of acceptable tablet properties and in-vitro drug release. The release data were fit into different kinetic models (zero-order, first- order, Higuchi’s equation and Korsmeyer-Peppas equation). Optimized formulation was tested for their compatibility with Itopride by FT-IR studies, which revealed that there is no chemical interaction occurred with polymer and other excipients. The drug release profile of the best formulation was well controlled and uniform throughout the dissolution studies. Keywords: Matrix tablets, Itopride, Carbopol 934, HPMC K 100, Ethyl cellulose.
本研究的目的是利用天然聚合物和合成聚合物对依托必利基质缓释片进行设计和评价。以卡波波尔934、罗望子多糖、槐豆胶、乙基纤维素、HPMC k100等天然高聚物为基质形成剂，以乳糖、淀粉1500、硬脂酸镁、MCC、滑石粉等辅料为辅料，采用湿造粒技术制备基质片。溶解介质为900 ml 0.1 N HCl，前2小时用，后10小时用7.4磷酸缓冲液。以乳糖、微晶纤维素和淀粉1500为稀释剂的基质中释放依托必利。药物释放率为乳糖>微晶纤维素>淀粉1500。以可接受的片剂性能和体外释放度为指标，对处方进行优化。将释放数据拟合为不同的动力学模型(零阶、一阶、Higuchi方程和Korsmeyer-Peppas方程)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)测试了优化后的制剂与依托必利的配伍性，发现其与聚合物和其他赋形剂无化学相互作用。在整个溶出度研究中，最佳制剂的药物释放曲线控制良好且均匀。关键词:基质片，依托普利，卡波波尔934,HPMC k100，乙基纤维素
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablet of Itopride","authors":"G. Reddy, Ashok Kumar V, S. V. Kulkarni","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.008","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research work was to carry out design and evaluation of sustained release \u0000matrix tablets of Itopride by use of natural and synthetic polymers. Matrix tablets were prepared by \u0000wet granulation technique by using natural polymers like Carbopol 934, Tamarind poly saccharide, \u0000Locust bean gum, Ethyl cellulose, HPMC K 100 as matrix forming agent and excipients such as \u0000Lactose, Starch 1500, Magnesium stearate, MCC and talc were used. The dissolution medium \u0000consisted of 900 ml of 0.1 N HCl for first 2 hours and then 7.4 phosphate buffer for remaining 10 \u0000hours. The release of Itopride from matrix containing lactose, micro crystalline cellulose and starch \u00001500 as diluents. The drug release rate was found in order of lactose> micro crystalline \u0000cellulose>starch 1500. The formulation was optimized on the basis of acceptable tablet properties \u0000and in-vitro drug release. The release data were fit into different kinetic models (zero-order, first-\u0000order, Higuchi’s equation and Korsmeyer-Peppas equation). Optimized formulation was tested for \u0000their compatibility with Itopride by FT-IR studies, which revealed that there is no chemical \u0000interaction occurred with polymer and other excipients. The drug release profile of the best \u0000formulation was well controlled and uniform throughout the dissolution studies. \u0000Keywords: Matrix tablets, Itopride, Carbopol 934, HPMC K 100, Ethyl cellulose.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89880005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.001
In the pharmaceutical industry the course is designed to give you the skills that have taken many experienced auditors decades to develop. It follows the auditing guidance of ISO-19011 and is a virtual audit of a manufacturing facility that makes a range of dosage forms. This allows you to plan and prepare audits of the supplier and your own supplier audit system. Throughout the course, there is personal practice with exercises and teamwork’s in planning, preparation and performance that address WHO. The extensive of course notes and excellent lectures given by knowledgeable and professional tutors in pharmaceutical industry, The WHO was very easy to approach with any problems in during the course. The purpose of regulatory authorities to assess application for authorization to market products for human use and either grant authorizations to market each product or reject such applications and inspect the manufacturers and wholesalers of medicines for human use and either grant manufacturing and wholesale licenses or refuse such licenses. The international regulatory authorities under consideration are in this article WHO, USFDA, MHRA, and Australian TGA. The standard institutions give the economical background for development and transferring technologies, ISI, ISO, BISS and ASTM. Keywords: Regulatory authority, WHO, Self-auditing, Standard institution
{"title":"A Review on Regulatory Authorities & Standards Institutions and Self Auditing Consideration in Pharmaceutical Industry","authors":"","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.001","url":null,"abstract":"In the pharmaceutical industry the course is designed to give you the skills that have taken many \u0000experienced auditors decades to develop. It follows the auditing guidance of ISO-19011 and is a \u0000virtual audit of a manufacturing facility that makes a range of dosage forms. This allows you to \u0000plan and prepare audits of the supplier and your own supplier audit system. Throughout the course, \u0000there is personal practice with exercises and teamwork’s in planning, preparation and performance \u0000that address WHO. The extensive of course notes and excellent lectures given by knowledgeable \u0000and professional tutors in pharmaceutical industry, The WHO was very easy to approach with any \u0000problems in during the course. The purpose of regulatory authorities to assess application for \u0000authorization to market products for human use and either grant authorizations to market each \u0000product or reject such applications and inspect the manufacturers and wholesalers of medicines for \u0000human use and either grant manufacturing and wholesale licenses or refuse such licenses. The \u0000international regulatory authorities under consideration are in this article WHO, USFDA, MHRA, \u0000and Australian TGA. The standard institutions give the economical background for development \u0000and transferring technologies, ISI, ISO, BISS and ASTM. \u0000Keywords: Regulatory authority, WHO, Self-auditing, Standard institution","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91172414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the solubility enhancement of solid dispersion of Lopinavir by spray-drying by adding the Soluplus as polymer that is compatible with Lopinavir, was evaluated and the process used for preparation of Spray dried solid dispersion was validated and the 1:3 ratio used for preparation of solid dispersion. Dissolution tests were carried out on several spray dried solid dispersion of Lopinavir and physical mixture. The solid dispersion characterized by DSC, XRD, % Entrapment Efficiency, solubility study, drug content determination, practical yield, dissolution studies. Keyword: Lopinavir, Soluplus, Spray Drying Technique, Dissolution studies
{"title":"Particle Engineering and Spray Drying Process designing for Solubility Enhancement of Lopinavir","authors":"Santosh Dattu Navale, Soubin Roy, Sumit Shivaji Misal, Prafulla Kumar Sethi","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.004","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the solubility enhancement of solid dispersion of Lopinavir by spray-drying by adding \u0000the Soluplus as polymer that is compatible with Lopinavir, was evaluated and the process used for \u0000preparation of Spray dried solid dispersion was validated and the 1:3 ratio used for preparation of \u0000solid dispersion. Dissolution tests were carried out on several spray dried solid dispersion of \u0000Lopinavir and physical mixture. The solid dispersion characterized by DSC, XRD, % Entrapment \u0000Efficiency, solubility study, drug content determination, practical yield, dissolution studies. \u0000Keyword: Lopinavir, Soluplus, Spray Drying Technique, Dissolution studies","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87436920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.007
Arunima Sudhan
Bronchiolitis is a common lung infection in young children and infants. It causes inflammation and congestion in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lung. Bronchiolitis is almost caused by a virus. Bronchodilators are medication which makes breathing easier by relaxing the muscles in the lungs and widening airways. To assess the efficacy and risk associated with the use of bronchodilators in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis. To assess the Efficacy of Bronchodilators, to evaluate the risk associated with bronchodilators in bronchiolitis patients and to evaluate the patient compliance in patients using bronchodilator for bronchiolitis. This study was conducted in 10 bronchiolitic pediatric patients. This study was conducted by categorizing the patients according to their Respiratory Rate, SpO2 and Heart Rate values. Patient compliance is analyzed using CRS scale and risk is assessed with Wang Scale. Keywords: Bronchiolitis, Bronchodilators, Levosalbutamol
{"title":"A Prospective Study to Assess the Efficacy and Risk Associated With the Use of Bronchodilators in Pediatric Patients with Bronchiolitis – A Pilot Study","authors":"Arunima Sudhan","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.007","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchiolitis is a common lung infection in young children and infants. It causes inflammation and \u0000congestion in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lung. Bronchiolitis is almost caused by a virus. \u0000Bronchodilators are medication which makes breathing easier by relaxing the muscles in the lungs \u0000and widening airways. To assess the efficacy and risk associated with the use of bronchodilators in \u0000pediatric patients with bronchiolitis. To assess the Efficacy of Bronchodilators, to evaluate the risk \u0000associated with bronchodilators in bronchiolitis patients and to evaluate the patient compliance in \u0000patients using bronchodilator for bronchiolitis. This study was conducted in 10 bronchiolitic \u0000pediatric patients. This study was conducted by categorizing the patients according to their \u0000Respiratory Rate, SpO2 and Heart Rate values. Patient compliance is analyzed using CRS scale \u0000and risk is assessed with Wang Scale. \u0000Keywords: Bronchiolitis, Bronchodilators, Levosalbutamol","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73965839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.005
V. P. Sonar, Priyanka V Dalvi, S. Chalikwar
The entire world is facing a worst situation of pandemic ever. It’s been more than 18 months after the initial reports on Covid from China, and the pandemic is still going. As per the data available over the WHO website as of 23 June 2021, there have been 178,837,204 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 3,880,450 deaths, reported to WHO. As of 21 June 2021, a total of 2,414,347,324 vaccine doses have been administered. Despite of having more than 15 vaccines for Covid-19; the challenge to treat a patient with a define line of treatment remains the same. In the present review we have made an attempt to summarize the various medicines which are being used by medical practitioner in India and overseas. Use of different drug molecules like Remdesivir, Tocilzumab, Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycine, Ivermectin, Steroids, Doxicycline, Ecosprine, Low molecular weight Heparin, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Nitazoxanide, Baricitinib etc. were highlighted; although the list is long. A focus is made on the different types of vaccines available till date and their status in various countries. Keywords: Covid-19, Vaccine, Antiviral, Pandemic, Antibiotics.
{"title":"Progress and Development in Treatment of Covid – 19, and Vaccine development: A Review","authors":"V. P. Sonar, Priyanka V Dalvi, S. Chalikwar","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i4.005","url":null,"abstract":"The entire world is facing a worst situation of pandemic ever. It’s been more than 18 months \u0000after the initial reports on Covid from China, and the pandemic is still going. As per the data \u0000available over the WHO website as of 23 June 2021, there have been 178,837,204 confirmed \u0000cases of COVID-19, including 3,880,450 deaths, reported to WHO. As of 21 June 2021, a total \u0000of 2,414,347,324 vaccine doses have been administered. Despite of having more than 15 \u0000vaccines for Covid-19; the challenge to treat a patient with a define line of treatment remains the \u0000same. In the present review we have made an attempt to summarize the various medicines which \u0000are being used by medical practitioner in India and overseas. Use of different drug molecules like \u0000Remdesivir, Tocilzumab, Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycine, Ivermectin, Steroids, \u0000Doxicycline, Ecosprine, Low molecular weight Heparin, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Nitazoxanide, \u0000Baricitinib etc. were highlighted; although the list is long. A focus is made on the different types \u0000of vaccines available till date and their status in various countries. \u0000Keywords: Covid-19, Vaccine, Antiviral, Pandemic, Antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87153636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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