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Floating Drug Delivery System: A Brief Review 漂浮给药系统:综述
Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i4.010
Haridwar Lodh, FR Sheeba, P. Chourasia, H. A. Pardhe, N. Pallavi
Scientific and technological developments in the research and development of new drug delivery systems have been made in recent years by resolving physiological disorders, such as short gastric residence periods and unpredictable gastric emptying times. Dosage forms that can be hold within the stomach are called as Gastro-retentive Dosage Forms (GRDF). Multiple methods used in the prolongation of gastric residence time are floating drug delivery system, swelling and expanding system, polymeric bio-adhesive system, high density system and other delayed gastric emptying system. Medication-based disease treatment is entering a new era in which a increasing range of innovative drug delivery technologies are being used and are available for clinical use. Floating Drug Delivery Systems (FDDS) is one of the gastro-retentive dosage forms used to achieve extended duration of gastric residency. The aim of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to compile the recent literature with particular focus on the main floating mechanism to achieve gastric retention. Sustained oral release of gastrointestinal dosage types provides many benefits for drugs with absorption from the upper sections of the gastrointestinal tract and those that function locally throughout the stomach. This review includes the physiology, factors controlling gastric retention time, excipient variables influencing gastric retention, approaches to designing single-unit, hydro-dynamically balanced system and multi-unit floating structure, and aspects of their classification, formulation and evaluation are discussed in detail, and few applications of these systems.
近年来,在解决胃停留时间短、胃排空时间不可预测等生理障碍方面,新型给药系统的研究和开发取得了科技进步。可以保持在胃内的剂型被称为胃保留剂型(GRDF)。延长胃停留时间的方法有漂浮给药系统、肿胀扩张系统、高分子生物黏附系统、高密度系统等延迟胃排空系统。以药物为基础的疾病治疗正在进入一个新的时代,在这个时代,越来越多的创新给药技术正在被使用,并可供临床使用。漂浮给药系统(FDDS)是一种胃保留剂型,用于延长胃驻留时间。撰写这篇关于漂浮给药系统(FDDS)的综述的目的是汇编最近的文献,特别关注实现胃潴留的主要漂浮机制。胃肠道剂量型的持续口服释放对从胃肠道上部吸收的药物和局部作用于整个胃的药物有许多好处。本文就胃潴留的生理学、控制胃潴留时间的因素、影响胃潴留的赋形剂变量、单单元、水动力平衡系统和多单元漂浮结构的设计方法、分类、配方和评价等方面进行了详细的讨论,并介绍了这些系统的应用情况。
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引用次数: 8
Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma associated with TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS 结节性硬化症相关的外周骨质骨化纤维瘤
Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i4.003
M. Pukazhmurasu, S. Senthilkumar, Krishnan, S. Srinivasan, J. Kavitha, A. Elakiya
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) was a rare autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disease characterized by benign tumors affecting various body systems, skin changes, neurological disorders, and multi organ development of hamartomas leading to morbidity and death. Intraoral fibromas, gingival hyperplasia and enamel hypoplasia or enamel pits are the most common oral manifestations.Those patient management always involves a multidisciplinary approach from vario us fields. Here we present a case study of 35 years old female patient with tuberous sclerosis complex characteristic clinical, radiological, and histological features.
结节性硬化症(TSC)是一种罕见的常染色体显性神经皮肤疾病,其特征是良性肿瘤影响各个身体系统,皮肤变化,神经系统疾病和多器官错构瘤的发展,导致发病率和死亡。口腔内纤维瘤、牙龈增生、牙釉质发育不全或牙釉质凹陷是最常见的口腔表现。这些患者的管理往往涉及多学科的方法,从各个领域。在此,我们报告一例35岁女性结节性硬化症患者的临床、影像学和组织学特征。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and Evaluation of 5-Florouracil loaded Nano-Structured lipid carrier by double emulsification techniques 双乳化法制备5-氟尿嘧啶纳米结构脂质载体及评价
Pub Date : 2020-06-07 DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i3.014
Saripadiya Nimesh D, Dr. Mayur M Patel
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引用次数: 0
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS): Chemistry, Mechanism and their Adverse events. 非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDS):化学、机理及其不良反应。
Pub Date : 2020-05-20 DOI: 10.46624/ajphr.2020.v8.i5.004
R. Tonk, Sumit Tewatia, S. Majeed, Manish Dagar
More than 15 different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available commercially, and these agents are used worldwide for their analgesic antipyretic and antiinflammatory effects in patients with multiple medical conditions. NSAIDs, including aspirin, do not generally change the course of the disease process in those conditions, where they are used for symptomatic relief. The main mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Cyclooxygenase is required to convert arachidonic acid into thromboxane’s, prostaglandins, and prostacyclin’s. Assessment of toxicity and therapeutic response to a given NSAID must take into account the time needed to reach the steady state plasma concentration (roughly equal to three to five half-lives of the drug). NSAIDs have wellknown adverse effects affecting the gastric mucosa, renal system, cardiovascular system, hepatic system, and hematologic system.
目前市面上有超过 15 种不同的非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs),这些药物因其镇痛、解热和消炎作用而在全球范围内被多种疾病患者所使用。包括阿司匹林在内的非甾体抗炎药一般不会改变这些疾病的病程,只是用于缓解症状。非甾体抗炎药的主要作用机制是抑制环氧化酶(COX)。环氧化酶需要将花生四烯酸转化为血栓素、前列腺素和前列环素。评估特定非甾体抗炎药的毒性和治疗反应时,必须考虑到达到血浆稳态浓度所需的时间(大致相当于药物的三到五个半衰期)。非甾体抗炎药对胃黏膜、肾脏系统、心血管系统、肝脏系统和血液系统有众所周知的不良影响。
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引用次数: 0
Palladium used As A Catalyst: A Review 钯作为催化剂的研究进展
Pub Date : 2020-04-20 DOI: 10.46624/ajphr.2020.v8.i4.002
B. Bhat, Wasseem Akbar Khanday
In this review, the most important Pd-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling named reactions have been presented and discussed. It has been proposed that in Pd-catalysed reactions, the Pd decreases the activation energy or reacting species by simply stabilizing the transition state as it is an unstable and short-lived. The catalyst may get coordinated to one or more of the reactants and remains coordinated throughout the transition state of the catalytic process. During this process, the dissociation of the product either regenerates the Pd directly or generates a species that will be converted into the Pd. This is a typical in enzyme–catalyzed processes occurs in organometallic chemistry.
本文介绍和讨论了钯催化的C-C交叉偶联反应。有人提出,在钯催化反应中,钯是一个不稳定的、短暂的过渡态,通过简单地稳定过渡态来降低活化能或反应物质。催化剂可以与一种或多种反应物配位,并在催化过程的整个过渡状态中保持配位。在这一过程中,产物的解离要么直接再生Pd,要么产生一种将转化为Pd的物质。这是在有机金属化学中发生的一种典型的酶催化过程。
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引用次数: 0
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Drug Delivery System of Losartan Potassium. 氯沙坦钾胃保留漂浮给药系统的研制及体外评价。
Pub Date : 2020-04-20 DOI: 10.46624/ajphr.2020.v8.i4.003
K.S. Srilatha, Hemanth. S, B. Milton, Snehalatha
The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate gastro retentive floating drug delivery tablets of Losartan potassium. It is an orally active non-peptide angiotensin -II receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of hypertension due to mainly blockade of AT1 receptors. The main reason for low therapeutic effectiveness of Losartan potassium is its narrow therapeutic index, poor bioavailability (25-35%), and short biological half life (1.5-2h). Conventional tablets should be administered 3-4 times to maintain plasma drug concentration. So, to increase therapeutic efficacy, reduce frequency of administration sustained release floating matrix tablets of Losartan potassium were prepared. Present study demonstrates the formulation of sustained release floating matrix tablets of Losartan potassium with various grades of hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose to restrict the drug release preferably in upper part of intestine and to improve its bioavailability and to provide constant drug plasma levels thereby improving the patient compliance. Losartan potassium showed maximum absorbance at 256 nm so absorbance was measured at the same wavelength and found to obey Beer lamberts law in the concentration range of 10-40 mcg/ml. In the pre formulation study of IR spectra of pure drug with the different polymers showed no interaction, Differential scanning calorimetry experiments were carried out to find out the presence of any interaction among drug and the excipients. Pure drug and individual polymers were subjected to the study and no interactions were observed .12 formulation of sustained release of Losartan potassium were prepared and they were examined for physical properties and appearance like hardness, thickness, weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability uniformity of drug content floating lag time floating duration time and in-vitro drug release studies . I n the study all the powder blends showed good flow ability angle of repose below 25.98±0.07°31.724±0.15°, compressibility index was found in the range of 12.5±0.1616.92±1.9 g/cm Weight variation 297.2±1.19-301.52±2.73mg, hardness 5.9±0.2-7±0.2kg/cm thickness 4.506±0.04-4.86±0.03, friability 0.91-0.41, floating time <12hrs in vitro release for all formulations were found to be 61.18 -99.02.
本研究的目的是研制氯沙坦钾胃保留漂浮给药片并对其进行评价。它是一种口服活性的非肽血管紧张素-II受体拮抗剂,主要用于治疗因阻断AT1受体而导致的高血压。氯沙坦钾治疗效果低的主要原因是治疗指数窄,生物利用度差(25-35%),生物半衰期短(1.5-2h)。常规片剂应服用3-4次,以维持血药浓度。为提高疗效,减少给药次数,研制氯沙坦钾缓释片。本研究证明了氯沙坦钾缓释片与不同等级羟丙基甲基纤维素的配方,以限制药物在肠道上部的释放,提高其生物利用度,并提供恒定的血浆药物水平,从而提高患者的依从性。氯沙坦钾在256 nm处吸光度最大,在同一波长测量吸光度,在10 ~ 40 mcg/ml浓度范围内符合比尔兰伯特定律。在制剂前研究中,对纯药物与不同聚合物的红外光谱均未发现相互作用,进行差示扫描量热实验,以确定药物与辅料之间是否存在相互作用。制备了12种氯沙坦钾缓释制剂,并对其进行了硬度、厚度、重量变化、厚度、硬度、药物含量的脆性均匀性、漂浮滞后时间、漂浮持续时间和体外释放等物理性能和外观研究。在本研究中,所有粉末共混物均表现出良好的流动能力,休止角小于25.98±0.07°31.724±0.15°,压缩指数为12.5±0.1616.92±1.9 g/cm,重量变化为297.2±1.19 ~ 301.52±2.73mg,硬度为5.9±0.2 ~ 7±0.2kg/cm,厚度为4.506±0.04 ~ 4.86±0.03,脆度为0.91 ~ 0.41,漂浮时间<12h,体外释放度为61.18 ~ 99.02。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation Of Transdermal Patch Of Aceclofenac 乙酰氯芬酸透皮贴剂的制备及体外评价
Pub Date : 2020-04-07 DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i2.014
K. Sravanthi, D. R. Reddy, A. Sirisha, A. Pavani, B. Mahalakshmi, B. Sowjanya
The purpose of this research was to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing drug Aceclofenac with different ratios of hydrophilic (hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose) and hydrophobic (methyl cellulose) polymeric systems by the solvent casting technique. Formulated transdermal patches were physically evaluated with regard to thickness, weight variation, drug content, flatness, tensile strength, folding endurance, percentage of moisture content and water vapour transmission rate. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. In-vitro drug studies of formulations were performed by using Franz diffusion cells. The results followed the release profile of Aceclofenac followed mixed zero-order. However, the release profile of the optimized formulation F9 (99.50±0.09) indicated that the permeation of the drug from the patches was governed by a diffusion mechanism. Formulation F9 showed highest flux among all the formulations and 217±7.42 fold enhancements in drug permeation.
本研究的目的是通过溶剂铸造技术,以不同比例的亲水性(羟丙基甲基纤维素)和疏水性(甲基纤维素)聚合物体系为原料,制备含药物乙酰氯芬酸的基质型透皮治疗体系。对配方透皮贴片的厚度、重量变化、药物含量、平整度、拉伸强度、折叠耐久性、含水量百分比和水蒸气透射率进行物理评价。所制备的制剂均具有良好的物理稳定性。采用Franz扩散细胞对制剂进行体外药物研究。结果符合阿氯芬酸的释放曲线为混合零阶。F9的释药曲线(99.50±0.09)表明药物以扩散机制渗透。F9的药通率最高,药透率提高了217±7.42倍。
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引用次数: 4
Transdermal Drug Delivery System: A Review 经皮给药系统研究进展
Pub Date : 2020-04-07 DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i2.004
V. K. Ghume, A. R. Golhar, A. N. Merekar, M. D. Dokhe, S. K. Parjane
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is the administration of therapeutic agents through intact skin for systematic effect. It has emerged as a potential novel drug delivery system by improving the therapeutic efficacy and safety, maintain steady state plasma level of drugs and overcome significant drawbacks of the conventional oral dosage forms and parenteral preparations. TDDS is ideally suited for diseases that demand chronic treatment with frequent dosing. This review deals with a brief insight on the formulation aspects, the physical and chemical enhancers being explored to enhance the transdermal delivery of drugs across the stratum corneum, the evaluation parameters (physicochemical, in vitro, in vivo studies) and therapeutic applications of TDDS.
透皮给药系统(TDDS)是指通过完整的皮肤给药以达到全身效果。它提高了药物的疗效和安全性,保持了药物的稳态血浆水平,克服了传统口服剂型和肠外制剂的显着缺陷,成为一种潜在的新型给药系统。TDDS非常适合需要经常给药的慢性治疗的疾病。本文简要介绍了TDDS的配方、用于增强药物经角质层透皮给药的物理和化学促进剂、评价参数(物理化学、体外和体内研究)和治疗应用。
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引用次数: 6
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Hand wash Gel from Hyptis suaveolens Flowering-tops 金丝桃花顶草洗手凝胶的配方及评价
Pub Date : 2020-04-07 DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i2.026
Pritam V. Chindarkar
The main objective of this present work is to formulate and evaluate herbal hand wash in order to make a formulation that has less side effects and has better cleaning of hands using the ethanol extract of the flowering-tops (flower, including the stems, leaves and blooms) of plant Hyptis suaveolens. The prepared formulation was evaluated by different parameters like organoleptic properties, physico-chemical parameters along with the antibacterial test. The formulated hand watch was found to be good in physical parameters with good cleaning of hands.
本研究的主要目的是制备草药洗手液并对其进行评价,以制备一种副作用更小、洗手效果更好的配方,该配方使用的是植物海丝提斯(Hyptis suaveolens)花头(花,包括茎、叶和花)的乙醇提取物。通过感官性能、理化参数及抗菌试验等指标对所制制剂进行评价。结果表明,该配方手表的物理参数良好,洗手效果良好。
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Hand wash Gel from Hyptis suaveolens Flowering-tops","authors":"Pritam V. Chindarkar","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i2.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i2.026","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this present work is to formulate and evaluate herbal hand wash in order to make a formulation that has less side effects and has better cleaning of hands using the ethanol extract of the flowering-tops (flower, including the stems, leaves and blooms) of plant Hyptis suaveolens. The prepared formulation was evaluated by different parameters like organoleptic properties, physico-chemical parameters along with the antibacterial test. The formulated hand watch was found to be good in physical parameters with good cleaning of hands.","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75875911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Lornoxicam Using Novel Natural Superdisintegrants. 新型天然超崩解剂氯诺昔康口腔溶片的研制及评价。
Pub Date : 2020-02-07 DOI: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.005
K. D. Baviskar, Rahul Baviskar, P. K. Kanke, K. Patil
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Lornoxicam Using Novel Natural Superdisintegrants.","authors":"K. D. Baviskar, Rahul Baviskar, P. K. Kanke, K. Patil","doi":"10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7701,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76266617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
期刊
American Journal of PharmTech Research
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