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The modulatory role of gut microbiota on host behavior: exploring the interaction between the brain-gut axis and the neuroendocrine system. 肠道微生物群对宿主行为的调节作用:探索大脑-肠道轴与神经内分泌系统之间的相互作用。
IF 2.7 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024004
Temitope Awe, Ayoola Fasawe, Caleb Sawe, Adedayo Ogunware, Abdullahi Temitope Jamiu, Michael Allen

The brain-gut axis refers to the communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, with the gut microbiome playing a crucial role. While our understanding of the interaction between the gut microbiome and the host's physiology is still in its nascent stage, evidence suggests that the gut microbiota can indeed modulate host behavior. Understanding the specific mechanisms by which the gut microbiota community modulates the host's behavior remains the focus of present and future neuro-gastroenterology studies. This paper reviews several pieces of evidence from the literature on the impact of gut microbiota on host behavior across animal taxa. We explore the different pathways through which this modulation occurs, with the aim of deepening our understanding of the fascinating relationship between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system.

脑-肠轴是指中枢神经系统与胃肠道之间的交流,其中肠道微生物群起着至关重要的作用。虽然我们对肠道微生物群与宿主生理之间相互作用的理解仍处于初级阶段,但有证据表明,肠道微生物群确实可以调节宿主的行为。了解肠道微生物群落调节宿主行为的具体机制仍是当前和未来神经胃肠病学研究的重点。本文回顾了动物类群中肠道微生物群对宿主行为影响的几项文献证据。我们探讨了这种调节作用发生的不同途径,旨在加深我们对肠道微生物群与中枢神经系统之间奇妙关系的理解。
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引用次数: 0
DNA methylation differences in genes associated with human personal disorders and deviant behavior. 与人类个人失调和异常行为相关基因的 DNA 甲基化差异。
IF 2.7 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024003
I B Mosse, N G Sedlyar, K A Mosse, A V Kilchevsky

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is involved in the progression of mental disorders, including deviant behavior, brain developmental, and personality disorders. The large number of genes has been studied for their activity association with stress and depression; however, the obtained results for the majority of these genes are contradictory. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible contribution of methylation level changes to the development of personality disorders and deviant behavior. A systematic study of CpG Islands in 21 target regions, including the promoter and intron regions of the 12 genes was performed in DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood cells, to obtain an overview of their methylation status. High-throughput sequencing of converted DNA samples was performed and calling of the methylation sites on the "original top strand" in CpG islands was carried out in the Bismark pipeline. The initial methylation profile of 77 patients and 48 controls samples revealed a significant difference in 7 CpG sites in 6 genes. The most significant hypermethylation was found for the target sites of the HTR2A (p-value = 1.2 × 10-13) and OXTR (p-value = 2.3 × 10-7) genes. These data support the previous reports that alterations in DNA methylation may play an important role in the dysregulation of gene expression associated with personality disorders and deviant behavior, and confirm their potential use as biomarkers to improve thediagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response to treatment.

基因表达的表观遗传调控与精神障碍的发展有关,包括异常行为、大脑发育和人格障碍。人们已经研究了大量基因与压力和抑郁之间的活性关联,但其中大多数基因的研究结果却相互矛盾。我们的研究旨在探讨甲基化水平的变化对人格障碍和偏差行为的发展可能产生的影响。我们对从外周血细胞中提取的 DNA 样本中 21 个目标区域(包括 12 个基因的启动子和内含子区域)的 CpG 岛进行了系统研究,以了解其甲基化状况。对转换后的 DNA 样品进行了高通量测序,并在 Bismark 管道中对 CpG 岛 "原始顶链 "上的甲基化位点进行了调用。77 份患者样本和 48 份对照样本的初始甲基化图谱显示,6 个基因中的 7 个 CpG 位点存在显著差异。HTR2A(p-value = 1.2 × 10-13)和 OXTR(p-value = 2.3 × 10-7)基因的靶位点甲基化程度最高。这些数据支持了之前的报告,即 DNA 甲基化的改变可能在与人格障碍和异常行为相关的基因表达失调中扮演重要角色,并证实了其作为生物标记物的潜在用途,可用于改善诊断、预后和治疗反应评估。
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引用次数: 0
Sulcal pits of the superior temporal sulcus in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations. 伴有听觉言语幻觉的精神分裂症患者的颞上沟凹陷。
IF 2.7 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024002
Baptiste Lerosier, Gregory Simon, Sylvain Takerkart, Guillaume Auzias, Sonia Dollfus

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are among the most common and disabling symptoms of schizophrenia. They involve the superior temporal sulcus (STS), which is associated with language processing; specific STS patterns may reflect vulnerability to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. STS sulcal pits are the deepest points of the folds in this region and were investigated here as an anatomical landmark of AVHs. This study included 53 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and past or present AVHs, as well as 100 healthy control volunteers. All participants underwent a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging T1 brain scan, and sulcal pit differences were compared between the two groups. Compared with controls, patients with AVHs had a significantly different distributions for the number of sulcal pits in the left STS, indicating a less complex morphological pattern. The association of STS sulcal morphology with AVH suggests an early neurodevelopmental process in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia with AVHs.

幻听(AVH)是精神分裂症最常见的致残性症状之一。它们涉及与语言处理相关的颞上沟(STS);STS的特定模式可能反映出精神分裂症患者对幻听的易感性。STS 沟坑是该区域褶皱的最深点,本文将其作为 AVHs 的解剖学标志进行研究。这项研究包括 53 名被诊断为精神分裂症且过去或现在患有 AVH 的患者,以及 100 名健康对照志愿者。所有参与者都接受了 3-T 磁共振成像 T1 脑扫描,并比较了两组患者脑沟凹陷的差异。与对照组相比,AVHs 患者左侧 STS 沟坑数量的分布明显不同,表明其形态模式并不复杂。STS沟槽形态与AVH的关联表明,精神分裂症伴AVH的病理生理学中存在一个早期神经发育过程。
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引用次数: 0
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in chronic pain research: A decade of bibliometric analysis and network visualization. 慢性疼痛研究中的脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF):十年文献计量分析和网络可视化。
IF 2.7 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024001
Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail, Rahimah Zakaria, Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman, Nazlahshaniza Shafin, Noor Azlina Abu Bakar

Chronic pain research, with a specific focus on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has made impressive progress in the past decade, as evident in the improved research quality and increased publications. To better understand this evolving landscape, a quantitative approach is needed. The main aim of this study is to identify the hotspots and trends of BDNF in chronic pain research. We screened relevant publications from 2013 to 2022 in the Scopus database using specific search subject terms. A total of 401 documents were selected for further analysis. We utilized several tools, including Microsoft Excel, Harzing's Publish or Perish, and VOSViewer, to perform a frequency analysis, citation metrics, and visualization, respectively. Key indicators that were examined included publication growth, keyword analyses, topmost influential articles and journals, networking by countries and co-citation of cited references. Notably, there was a persistent publication growth between 2015 and 2021. "Neuropathic pain" emerged as a prominent keyword in 2018, alongside "microglia" and "depression". The journal Pain® was the most impactful journal that published BDNF and chronic pain research, while the most influential publications came from open-access reviews and original articles. China was the leading contributor, followed by the United States (US), and maintained a leadership position in the total number of publications and collaborations. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive list of the most influential publications on BDNF in chronic pain research, thereby aiding in the understanding of academic concerns, research hotspots, and global trends in this specialized field.

以脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)为研究重点的慢性疼痛研究在过去十年中取得了令人瞩目的进展,这一点从研究质量的提高和论文数量的增加中可见一斑。为了更好地了解这一不断发展的领域,我们需要一种定量的方法。本研究的主要目的是确定慢性疼痛研究中 BDNF 的热点和趋势。我们使用特定的检索主题词筛选了 Scopus 数据库中 2013 年至 2022 年的相关出版物。共筛选出 401 篇文献用于进一步分析。我们使用了多种工具,包括 Microsoft Excel、Harzing's Publish or Perish 和 VOSViewer,分别进行了频率分析、引文度量和可视化分析。研究的主要指标包括发表量增长、关键词分析、最有影响力的文章和期刊、按国家划分的网络以及被引用参考文献的共同引用。值得注意的是,2015 年至 2021 年间,论文发表量持续增长。2018年,"神经病理性疼痛 "与 "小胶质细胞 "和 "抑郁症 "一起成为突出的关键词。Pain®期刊是发表BDNF和慢性疼痛研究的最有影响力的期刊,而最有影响力的论文则来自开放获取的综述和原创文章。中国是最主要的贡献者,其次是美国,并在论文总数和合作方面保持领先地位。总之,本研究提供了一份关于慢性疼痛研究中 BDNF 最具影响力的出版物的综合清单,从而有助于了解这一专业领域的学术关注点、研究热点和全球趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Short-term effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation in the nociceptive behavior of neuropathic pain rats in development. 经颅直流电刺激对发育期神经病理性疼痛大鼠痛觉行为的短期疗效。
IF 2.7 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-12-15 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023032
Priscila Centeno Crespo, Leo Anderson Meira Martins, Otávio Garcia Martins, Clara Camacho Dos Reis, Ricardo Netto Goulart, Andressa de Souza, Liciane Fernandes Medeiros, Vanessa Leal Scarabelot, Giovana Duzzo Gamaro, Sabrina Pereira Silva, Marcos Roberto de Oliveira, Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres, Izabel Cristina Custódio de Souza

Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a lesion that triggers pain chronification and central sensitization and it can develop in a different manner, dependent of age. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for treating NP. Then, we aimed to investigate the effects of tDCS and BDNF levels in neuropathic pain rats in development, with 30 days old in the beginning of experiments. Eight-five male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic constriction injury. After establishment of NP, bimodal tDCS was applied to the rats for eight consecutive days, for 20 minutes each session. Subsequently, nociceptive behavior was assessed at baseline, 14 days after surgery, 1 day and 7 days after the end of tDCS. The rats were sacrificed 8 days after the last session of tDCS. An increase in the nociceptive threshold was observed in rats in development 1 day after the end of tDCS (short-term effect), but this effect was not maintained 7 days after the end of tDCS (long-term effect). Furthermore, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were analyzed in the frontal cortex, spinal cord and serum using ELISA assays. The neuropathic pain model showed an effect of BDNF in the spinal cord of rats in development. There were no effects of BNDF levels of pain or tDCS in the frontal cortex or serum. In conclusion, tDCS is an effective technique to relieve nociceptive behavior at a short-term effect in neuropathic pain rats in development, and BDNF levels were not altered at long-term effect.

神经性疼痛(NP)是由引发疼痛慢性化和中枢敏感化的病变引起的,其发展方式因年龄而异。最近的研究表明,经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)对治疗神经病理性疼痛有一定疗效。因此,我们旨在研究 tDCS 和 BDNF 水平对发育期神经病理性疼痛大鼠的影响。我们对 85 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠进行了慢性收缩损伤。建立 NP 后,连续八天对大鼠施加双模 tDCS,每次 20 分钟。随后,分别在基线、术后 14 天、tDCS 结束后 1 天和 7 天对大鼠的痛觉行为进行评估。大鼠在最后一次 tDCS 治疗 8 天后被处死。在 tDCS 结束后 1 天,观察到发育期大鼠的痛觉阈值有所提高(短期效应),但这种效应在 tDCS 结束后 7 天不再维持(长期效应)。此外,还使用酶联免疫吸附试验分析了额叶皮层、脊髓和血清中的脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平。神经病理性疼痛模型显示,BDNF 对发育期大鼠脊髓有影响。疼痛或 tDCS 对额叶皮层或血清中的 BNDF 水平没有影响。总之,tDCS是一种有效的技术,能在短期内缓解发育期神经病理性疼痛大鼠的痛觉行为,而在长期效应中BDNF水平不会发生改变。
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引用次数: 0
Microbiomes and Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review. 微生物组与小儿多发性硬化症(MS):系统综述。
IF 2.7 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-12-14 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023031
Sanaz Mehrabani, Mohsen Rastkar, Narges Ebrahimi, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh

Background: Gut microbiomes play a role in developing and regulating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We designed this systematic review to summarize the evidence of the effect of gut microbiota in developing pediatric-onset MS.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, references of the references and conference abstracts were comprehensively searched by two independent researchers. The search was done on January 1st, 2023. Data regarding the total number of patients, the name of the first author, publication year, country of origin, mean age, duration of the disease, body mass index (BMI), type of MS, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), age at disease onset and stool composition were extracted.

Results: A literature search revealed 4237 published studies. After removing duplicates, we had 2045 records for evaluation. Twenty-three full texts were evaluated, and four case-control studies remained for systematic review. Three studies were conducted in the United States and one in the Netherlands. The number of participants in included studies ranged between 24 and 68. The mean age of patients at the time of study varied between 11.9 and 17.9 years, and the mean age at the onset of the disease ranged between 11.5 and 14.3 years. Most included patients were female. The results show that median richness (the number of unique taxa identified, which was provided by two studies) was higher in controls, and also Margalef index, which was reported by one study was higher in control group than the case group. The results of two studies also demonstrated that median evenness indexes (taxon distribution, Shannon, Simpson) were higher in control groups, as well as PD index (Faith's phylogenic diversity metric).

Conclusion: The result of this systematic review (including four studies) showed disruption of the microbiota-immune balance in pediatric-onset MS cases.

背景:肠道微生物组在多发性硬化症(MS)等自身免疫性疾病的发病和调控中发挥作用。我们设计了这篇系统性综述,旨在总结肠道微生物群对小儿多发性硬化症发病影响的证据:两位独立研究人员对 PubMed、Scopus、EMBASE、Web of Science、Google Scholar、参考文献和会议摘要进行了全面检索。检索截止日期为 2023 年 1 月 1 日。提取的数据涉及患者总数、第一作者姓名、发表年份、原籍国、平均年龄、病程、体重指数(BMI)、多发性硬化症类型、残疾状况扩展量表(EDSS)、发病年龄和粪便成分:通过文献检索,共发现了 4237 项已发表的研究。去除重复内容后,我们有 2045 条记录可供评估。对 23 篇全文进行了评估,剩下 4 篇病例对照研究进行了系统性审查。三项研究在美国进行,一项在荷兰进行。纳入研究的参与者人数在 24 到 68 人之间。研究时患者的平均年龄介于 11.9 岁和 17.9 岁之间,发病时的平均年龄介于 11.5 岁和 14.3 岁之间。大多数患者为女性。结果表明,对照组的丰富度中位数(两项研究提供的已识别的独特分类群数量)高于病例组,一项研究报告的 Margalef 指数也高于病例组。两项研究结果还表明,对照组的均匀度指数(分类群分布、香农指数、辛普森指数)中位数以及 PD 指数(费斯系统多样性指标)均高于病例组:本系统综述(包括四项研究)的结果表明,儿科多发性硬化症病例的微生物群-免疫平衡被打破。
{"title":"Microbiomes and Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review.","authors":"Sanaz Mehrabani, Mohsen Rastkar, Narges Ebrahimi, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2023031","DOIUrl":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2023031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbiomes play a role in developing and regulating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We designed this systematic review to summarize the evidence of the effect of gut microbiota in developing pediatric-onset MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, references of the references and conference abstracts were comprehensively searched by two independent researchers. The search was done on January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2023. Data regarding the total number of patients, the name of the first author, publication year, country of origin, mean age, duration of the disease, body mass index (BMI), type of MS, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), age at disease onset and stool composition were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A literature search revealed 4237 published studies. After removing duplicates, we had 2045 records for evaluation. Twenty-three full texts were evaluated, and four case-control studies remained for systematic review. Three studies were conducted in the United States and one in the Netherlands. The number of participants in included studies ranged between 24 and 68. The mean age of patients at the time of study varied between 11.9 and 17.9 years, and the mean age at the onset of the disease ranged between 11.5 and 14.3 years. Most included patients were female. The results show that median richness (the number of unique taxa identified, which was provided by two studies) was higher in controls, and also Margalef index, which was reported by one study was higher in control group than the case group. The results of two studies also demonstrated that median evenness indexes (taxon distribution, Shannon, Simpson) were higher in control groups, as well as PD index (Faith's phylogenic diversity metric).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result of this systematic review (including four studies) showed disruption of the microbiota-immune balance in pediatric-onset MS cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10767065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139377121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seven Tesla MRI in Alzheimer's disease research: State of the art and future directions: A narrative review. 七特斯拉核磁共振成像在阿尔茨海默病研究中的应用:最新技术和未来方向:综述。
IF 3.1 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-11 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023030
Arosh S Perera Molligoda Arachchige, Anton Kristoffer Garner

Seven tesla magnetic resonance imaging (7T MRI) is known to offer a superior spatial resolution and a signal-to-noise ratio relative to any other non-invasive imaging technique and provides the possibility for neuroimaging researchers to observe disease-related structural changes, which were previously only apparent on post-mortem tissue analyses. Alzheimer's disease is a natural and widely used subject for this technology since the 7T MRI allows for the anticipation of disease progression, the evaluation of secondary prevention measures thought to modify the disease trajectory, and the identification of surrogate markers for treatment outcome. In this editorial, we discuss the various neuroimaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease that have been studied using 7T MRI, which include morphological alterations, molecular characterization of cerebral T2*-weighted hypointensities, the evaluation of cerebral microbleeds and microinfarcts, biochemical changes studied with MR spectroscopy, as well as some other approaches. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the 7T MRI regarding imaging Alzheimer's disease and we provide our outlook for the future.

众所周知,七特斯拉磁共振成像(7T MRI)的空间分辨率和信噪比优于任何其他非侵入性成像技术,为神经成像研究人员提供了观察与疾病相关的结构变化的可能性,而这些变化以前只能在尸检组织分析中看到。阿尔茨海默病自然是这项技术的广泛应用对象,因为 7T 磁共振成像可以预测疾病的进展,评估被认为可以改变疾病轨迹的二级预防措施,并确定治疗结果的替代标记物。在这篇社论中,我们讨论了使用 7T MRI 研究阿尔茨海默病的各种神经影像生物标志物,其中包括形态学改变、脑 T2* 加权低密度的分子特征、脑微出血和微梗塞的评估、使用 MR 光谱研究的生化变化以及其他一些方法。最后,我们讨论了 7T 磁共振成像在阿尔茨海默病成像方面的局限性,并对未来进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
Role of the UNC13 family in human diseases: A literature review. UNC13 家族在人类疾病中的作用:文献综述。
IF 2.7 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-12-06 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023029
Ubaid Ansari, Vincent Chen, Romteen Sedighi, Burhaan Syed, Zohaer Muttalib, Khadija Ansari, Fatima Ansari, Denise Nadora, Daniel Razick, Forshing Lui

This literature review explores the pivotal roles of the Uncoordinated-13 (UNC13) protein family, encompassing UNC13A, UNC13B, UNC13C, and UNC13D, in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. These proteins, which are evolutionarily conserved and crucial for synaptic vesicle priming and exocytosis, have been implicated in a range of disorders, spanning from neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) to immune-related conditions such as familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). The involvement of UNC13A in neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity is linked to ALS and FTD, with genetic variations affecting disease progression. UNC13B, which is closely related to UNC13A, plays a role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), epilepsy, and schizophrenia. UNC13C is implicated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and has a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). UNC13D has an essential role in immune cell function, making it a key player in FHL. This review highlights the distinct molecular functions of each UNC13 family member and their implications in disease contexts, shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies and avenues for future research. Understanding these proteins' roles offers new insights into the management and treatment of neurological and immunological disorders.

这篇文献综述探讨了非协调-13(UNC13)蛋白家族(包括 UNC13A、UNC13B、UNC13C 和 UNC13D)在各种人类疾病发病机制中的关键作用。这些蛋白在进化上是保守的,对突触囊泡的启动和外吞作用至关重要,它们与一系列疾病有关,包括肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)和额颞叶痴呆症(FTD)等神经退行性疾病,以及家族性嗜血细胞淋巴组织细胞增多症(FHL)等免疫相关疾病。UNC13A 参与神经递质释放和突触可塑性与 ALS 和 FTD 有关,遗传变异会影响疾病的进展。与 UNC13A 关系密切的 UNC13B 在自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)、癫痫和精神分裂症中发挥作用。UNC13C 与口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)和肝细胞癌(HCC)有关,在阿尔茨海默病(AD)中具有神经保护作用。UNC13D 在免疫细胞功能中起着至关重要的作用,因此是 FHL 的关键角色。这篇综述强调了每个 UNC13 家族成员独特的分子功能及其在疾病中的影响,揭示了潜在的治疗策略和未来的研究方向。了解这些蛋白质的作用将为神经和免疫疾病的管理和治疗提供新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring dietary approaches in the prevention and management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A literature review. 探索预防和治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症的饮食方法:文献综述。
IF 2.7 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-11-29 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023028
Ubaid Ansari, Jimmy Wen, Isabel Taguinod, Dawnica Nadora, Denise Nadora, Forshing Lui

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and complex neurodegenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons of the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of this multifaceted disease is unknown. However, diet has emerged as a modifiable risk factor that has neuroprotective effects towards other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and dementia. Thus, this review aims to explore how diet can potentially influence ALS onset and/or progression. In this review, five popular diets (Mediterranean, Vegan, Carnivore, Paleolithic and Ketogenic) and their distinct macromolecule composition, nutritional profile, biochemical pathways and their potential therapeutic effects for ALS are thoroughly examined. However, the composition of these diets varies, and the data is controversial, with conflicting studies on the effectiveness of nutrient intake of several of these diets. Although these five diets show that a higher intake of foods containing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds have a positive correlation towards reducing the oxidative stress of ALS, further research is needed to directly compare the effects of these diets and the mechanisms leading to ALS and its progression.

肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)是中枢神经系统上下运动神经元的一种致命而复杂的神经退行性疾病。这种多发性疾病的发病机制尚不清楚。然而,饮食已成为一种可改变的风险因素,对阿尔茨海默氏症、帕金森氏症和痴呆症等其他神经系统疾病具有神经保护作用。因此,本综述旨在探讨饮食如何对 ALS 的发病和/或进展产生潜在影响。本综述深入研究了五种流行饮食(地中海饮食、素食、肉食、旧石器时代饮食和生酮饮食)及其不同的大分子成分、营养概况、生化途径和对 ALS 的潜在治疗效果。然而,这些饮食的组成各不相同,数据也存在争议,其中几种饮食的营养摄入效果的研究相互矛盾。虽然这五种饮食表明,摄入更多含有抗炎和抗氧化化合物的食物与减少 ALS 的氧化应激有积极的相关性,但还需要进一步研究,以直接比较这些饮食的效果和导致 ALS 及其进展的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple sclerosis and mental health related quality of life: The role of defense mechanisms, defense styles and family environment. 多发性硬化症与心理健康相关的生活质量:防御机制、防御方式和家庭环境的作用。
IF 2.7 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-11-27 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023027
Anthi Amaslidou, Ioanna Ierodiakonou-Benou, Christos Bakirtzis, Ioannis Nikolaidis, Theano Tatsi, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Ioannis Nimatoudis

Background: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating chronic neurologic disease that can lead to disability and thus to deterioration of quality of life. Psychological parameters such as ego defense mechanisms, defense styles and family environment are important factors in the adaptation process, and as such they can play important roles in QoL. This study aims to assess the psychological factors as well as the clinical and demographic characteristics related to mental health quality of life (MHQoL).

Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 90 people with MS in the years 2018-2020. All participants completed the following questionnaires: MSQoL-54, DSQ-88, LSI, FES-R, SOC, BDI-II, STAI. Disability was assessed using EDSS.

Results: In multiple linear regression, significant roles were played by depression (R2: 41.1%, p: 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, the event of a relapse (R2: 3.5%, p: 0.005), expressiveness (R2: 3.6%, p < 0.05) and image distortion style (R2: 4.5%, p: 0.032). After performing a hierarchical-stepwise analysis (excluding depression), the important factors were maladaptive defense style (R2: 23.7%, p: 0.002), the event of relapse (R2: 8.1%, p < 0.001), expressiveness (R2: 5.5%, p: 0.004) and self-sacrificing defense style (R2: 2.4%, p: 0.071).

Conclusion: Psychological factors play important roles in MHQoL of people with multiple sclerosis. Thus, neurologists should integrate in their practice an assessment by mental health specialists. Moreover, targeted psychotherapeutic interventions could be planned i to improve QoL.

背景:多发性硬化症是一种脱髓鞘慢性神经系统疾病,可导致残疾,从而导致生活质量下降。自我防御机制、防御方式和家庭环境等心理参数是适应过程中的重要因素,因此它们在生活质量方面也起着重要作用。本研究旨在评估与心理健康生活质量(MHQoL)相关的心理因素以及临床和人口特征:这是一项观察性横断面研究,在2018-2020年间对90名多发性硬化症患者进行了抽样调查。所有参与者均填写了以下问卷:MSQoL-54、DSQ-88、LSI、FES-R、SOC、BDI-II、STAI。采用 EDSS 对残疾情况进行评估:在多元线性回归中,抑郁(R2:41.1%,P:0.001)和复发(R2:3.5%,P:0.005)、表达能力(R2:3.6%,P < 0.05)和形象扭曲风格(R2:4.5%,P:0.032)都起着重要作用。在进行分层逐步分析后(排除抑郁),重要的因素是适应不良的防御风格(R2:23.7%,P:0.002)、复发事件(R2:8.1%,P<0.001)、表现性(R2:5.5%,P:0.004)和自我牺牲的防御风格(R2:2.4%,P:0.071):结论:心理因素对多发性硬化症患者的 MHQoL 起着重要作用。结论:心理因素对多发性硬化症患者的 MHQoL 起着重要作用,因此,神经科医生应在其临床实践中纳入心理健康专家的评估。此外,还可以规划有针对性的心理治疗干预措施,以改善患者的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
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AIMS Neuroscience
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