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A rare case of basilar artery dissection. 基底动脉夹层1例。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023008
Sahibjot Bhatia, Nimrit Gahoonia, Jeffrey Stenger, Forshing Lui

This case describes a 30-year-old Hispanic male who presented with a significant headache that started after a period of weightlifting and squatting. The patient was diagnosed with a basilar artery dissection. His only complaint was a headache that was exacerbated with exertion and sexual activity; there were no neurologic deficits. The diagnosis of basilar artery dissection was established and supported by findings on the CT angiogram of his head and neck. Basilar artery dissections are rarely seen, as they are likely underrecognized due to their varying clinical presentations; however, it is important to consider these phenomena due to the risk of progression and high morbidity rates.

本病例描述了一名30岁的西班牙裔男性,他在举重和深蹲一段时间后出现了明显的头痛。病人被诊断为基底动脉夹层。他唯一的抱怨是头痛,而且随着体力活动和性活动而加剧;无神经功能障碍。颅底动脉夹层的诊断是由其头部和颈部的CT血管造影所证实的。基底动脉夹层是罕见的,因为他们可能被低估,由于其不同的临床表现;然而,由于进展风险和高发病率,考虑这些现象是很重要的。
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引用次数: 0
The blue brain project: pioneering the frontier of brain simulation 蓝脑计划:开拓大脑模拟的前沿
Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2023024
Arosh S. Perera Molligoda Arachchige
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引用次数: 0
The impact of Lego® Therapy on cognitive skills in Autism Spectrum Disorders: a brief discussion. 乐高®疗法对自闭症谱系障碍患者认知技能的影响:简要讨论。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023016
Nicoletta Vegni, Caterina D'Ardia, Gloria Di Filippo, Francesco Maria Melchiori

Over the years, several interventions have been implemented, including Lego® Therapy, with the aim of supporting and implementing social and communication skills impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Although recent studies have shown that the ability to learn implicitly is preserved in ASDs, no study related to Lego® Therapy has analyzed whether and how this training can also affect aspects not directly treated. In this study, we report a first attempt of assessment of Lego® Therapy's effect on the specific area of cognitive skills in an ASD child. Over a period of 12 months, a child with ASD had weekly meetings with an expert operator of Lego® aiming to improve the child's ability to communicate, reduce impulsiveness and hyper verbalism, and encourage pro-social behavior. The intervention resulted in positive outcomes that were assessed after 12 months.

多年来,已经实施了一些干预措施,包括乐高®疗法,旨在支持和实施自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)患者的社交和沟通技能障碍。尽管最近的研究表明,自闭症患者保留了内隐学习的能力,但没有与Lego®疗法相关的研究分析这种训练是否以及如何影响未直接治疗的方面。在这项研究中,我们首次尝试评估乐高®疗法对ASD儿童特定领域认知技能的影响。在12个月的时间里,一名自闭症儿童每周与乐高®的专家操作员会面,旨在提高孩子的沟通能力,减少冲动和过度语言表达,并鼓励亲社会行为。12个月后评估干预产生了积极的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Marijuana's potential in neurodegenerative diseases: an editorial. 大麻在神经退行性疾病中的潜力:一篇社论。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023014
Arosh S Perera Molligoda Arachchige
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引用次数: 2
How can nanomicelle-curcumin modulate aluminum phosphide-induced neurotoxicity?: Role of SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling pathway. 纳米颗粒姜黄素如何调节磷酸铝诱导的神经毒性?SIRT1/FOXO3信号通路的作用。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023005
Milad Khodavysi, Nejat Kheiripour, Hassan Ghasemi, Sara Soleimani-Asl, Ali Fathi Jouzdani, Mohammadmahdi Sabahi, Zahra Ganji, Zahra Azizi, Akram Ranjbar

Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is among the most significant causes of brain toxicity and death in many countries. Curcumin (CUR), a major turmeric component, is a potent protective agent against many diseases, including brain toxicity. This study aimed to examine the probable protection potential of nanomicelle curcumin (nanomicelle-CUR) and its underlying mechanism in a rat model of ALP-induced brain toxicity. A total of 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6) and exposed to ALP (2 mg/kg/day, orally) + CUR or nanomicelle-CUR (100 mg/kg/day, orally) for 7 days. Then, they were anesthetized, and brain tissue samples were dissected to evaluate histopathological alterations, oxidative stress biomarkers, gene expression of SIRT1, FOXO1a, FOXO3a, CAT and GPX in brain tissue via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods and Real-Time PCR analysis. CUR and nanomicelle-CUR caused significant improvement in ALP-induced brain damage by reducing the MDA levels and induction of antioxidant capacity (TTG, TAC and SOD levels) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPX), modulation of histopathological changes and up-regulation of gene expression of SIRT1 in brain tissue. It was concluded that nanomicelle-CUR treatment ameliorated the harmful effects of ALP-induced brain toxicity by reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, it could be considered a suitable therapeutic choice for ALP poisoning.

在许多国家,磷化铝(ALP)是脑毒性和死亡的最重要原因之一。姜黄素(Curcumin, CUR)是姜黄的一种主要成分,是对抗多种疾病的有效保护剂,包括脑毒性。本研究旨在探讨纳米束姜黄素(nanomicelle curcumin, nanomicelle- cur)在alp脑毒性大鼠模型中的保护作用及其潜在机制。将36只Wistar大鼠随机分为6组(n = 6),分别给予ALP (2 mg/kg/d,口服)+ CUR或纳米粒-CUR (100 mg/kg/d,口服)7 d。麻醉后,解剖脑组织标本,通过苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色、生化和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)及Real-Time PCR分析脑组织中SIRT1、FOXO1a、FOXO3a、CAT和GPX的基因表达、氧化应激生物标志物和组织病理学改变。CUR和纳米胶团-CUR通过降低MDA水平,诱导抗氧化能力(TTG、TAC和SOD水平)和抗氧化酶(CAT、GPX),调节脑组织组织病理变化和上调SIRT1基因表达,显著改善alp诱导的脑损伤。由此可见,纳米微球- cur处理通过减少氧化应激改善了alp诱导的脑毒性。因此,它可以被认为是ALP中毒的一种合适的治疗选择。
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引用次数: 0
Neuroimaging with SPECT-MRI: a myth or reality? SPECT-MRI神经成像:神话还是现实?
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023004
Arosh S Perera Molligoda Arachchige
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引用次数: 0
Adapting patient treatment of neurological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19大流行期间调整神经系统疾病患者治疗。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023006
Scott Mendoza

Treating neurological patients during the pandemic period has become extremely challenging. At the same time, responding properly to these challenges has been diverse around the world, with varying levels of readiness, discipline, and approach. Additionally, there are significant differences in healthcare resources and processes between nations, and even within a nation, and these have significantly influenced the treatment procedure throughout the pandemic. However, neurologists have been called to care for patients with neurological symptoms who have COVID-19, and to continue managing COVID-19-affected neurological comorbidities in patients as before. This study highlights how the treatment procedures for neurological diseases are rapidly changing due to the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It also focuses on the challenges healthcare professionals are facing while providing proper treatment to neurological patients during the pandemic situation. Lastly, it offers some useful recommendations regarding the effective management of neurological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

在大流行期间治疗神经系统患者已变得极具挑战性。与此同时,世界各地应对这些挑战的方式各不相同,准备程度、纪律和方法各不相同。此外,在国家之间,甚至在一个国家内部,医疗资源和流程也存在显着差异,这在整个大流行期间对治疗程序产生了重大影响。然而,神经科医生被要求照顾患有COVID-19的神经系统症状患者,并像以前一样继续治疗患者中受COVID-19影响的神经系统合并症。这项研究强调了由于SARS-CoV-2病毒的传播,神经系统疾病的治疗程序正在迅速改变。它还侧重于卫生保健专业人员在大流行期间为神经系统患者提供适当治疗时面临的挑战。最后,对新冠肺炎大流行期间神经系统疾病的有效管理提出了一些有益的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Contextual fear response is modulated by M-type K+ channels and is associated with subtle structural changes of the axon initial segment in hippocampal GABAergic neurons. 情境恐惧反应受m型K+通道调节,与海马gaba能神经元轴突初始段的细微结构变化有关。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023003
Sara Arciniegas Ruiz, Eliav Tikochinsky, Vardit Rubovitch, Chaim G Pick, Bernard Attali

Background: In the fear memory network, the hippocampus modulates contextual aspects of fear learning while mutual connections between the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex are widely involved in fear extinction. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in the regulation of fear and anxiety, so the regulation of GPCRs in fear signaling pathways can modulate the mechanisms of fear memory acquisition, consolidation and extinction. Various studies suggested a role of M-type K+ channels in modulating fear expression and extinction, although conflicting data prevented drawing of clear conclusions. In the present work, we examined the impact of M-type K+ channel blockade or activation on contextual fear acquisition and extinction. In addition, regarding the pivotal role of the hippocampus in contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and the involvement of the axon initial segment (AIS) in neuronal plasticity, we investigated whether structural alterations of the AIS in hippocampal neurons occurred during contextual fear memory acquisition and short-time extinction in mice in a behaviorally relevant context.

Results: When a single systemic injection of the M-channel blocker XE991 (2 mg/kg, IP) was carried out 15 minutes before the foot shock session, fear expression was significantly reduced. Expression of c-Fos was increased following CFC, mostly in GABAergic neurons at day 1 and day 2 post-fear training in CA1 and dentate gyrus hippocampal regions. A significantly longer AIS segment was observed in GABAergic neurons of the CA1 hippocampal region at day 2.

Conclusions: Our results underscore the role of M-type K + channels in CFC and the importance of hippocampal GABAergic neurons in fear expression.

背景:在恐惧记忆网络中,海马体调节恐惧学习的情境方面,而杏仁核和内侧前额叶皮层之间的相互连接广泛参与恐惧消退。g蛋白偶联受体(gpcr)参与恐惧和焦虑的调节,因此gpcr在恐惧信号通路中的调节可以调节恐惧记忆的获得、巩固和消退机制。各种研究表明m型K+通道在调节恐惧表达和消退中的作用,尽管相互矛盾的数据阻碍了得出明确的结论。在本研究中,我们研究了m型K+通道阻断或激活对情境恐惧习得和消除的影响。此外,针对海马在情境恐惧条件反射(CFC)中的关键作用以及轴突初始段(AIS)在神经元可塑性中的参与,我们研究了在行为相关情境下小鼠情境恐惧记忆获得和短时消退过程中,海马神经元AIS的结构改变是否发生。结果:在足部休克前15分钟单次全身注射m通道阻滞剂XE991 (2 mg/kg, IP),恐惧表达明显减少。CFC后c-Fos的表达增加,主要在CA1和齿状回海马区的gaba能神经元中表达。第2天,海马CA1区gaba能神经元的AIS段明显延长。结论:我们的研究结果强调了m型K +通道在CFC中的作用,以及海马gaba能神经元在恐惧表达中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in schizophrenia research: a quantitative review and future directions. 脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在精神分裂症研究中的定量回顾及未来发展方向。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023002
Rozaziana Ahmad, Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman, Rosliza Yahaya, Nazlahshaniza Shafin, Norsuhana Omar, Asma Hayati Ahmad, Rahimah Zakaria, Adi Wijaya, Zahiruddin Othman

This review aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of the research related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in schizophrenia and offer suggestions for further work. Based on the keywords used, our study retrieved 335 documents for further analysis using a combination of three bibliometric techniques: co-word analysis, document co-citation analysis, and bibliographic coupling. A general rising trend in the number of publications was found in BDNF and schizophrenia research. Researchers from China and the United States have mostly researched BDNF and schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry is the most prestigious journal in the field of BDNF and schizophrenia research. The main topics and important research areas are cognition and the involvement of BDNF as a neurobiological marker (pathogenesis, therapy monitoring, and risk factors). Future research is anticipated to concentrate on relevant subjects, such as factors that affect BDNF levels or are connected to BDNF dysfunction in schizophrenia, as well as animal models of schizophrenia, in addition to cognition in schizophrenia.

本文旨在对脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在精神分裂症中的相关研究进行文献计量学分析,并对今后的工作提出建议。基于关键词检索335篇文献,采用共词分析、文献共被引分析和书目耦合三种文献计量学技术进行进一步分析。在BDNF和精神分裂症研究方面的出版物数量普遍呈上升趋势。来自中国和美国的研究人员主要研究BDNF和精神分裂症。《分子精神病学》是BDNF和精神分裂症研究领域最负盛名的杂志。主要课题和重要研究领域是认知和BDNF作为神经生物学标志物的参与(发病机制、治疗监测和危险因素)。未来的研究预计将集中在相关的主题上,如精神分裂症中影响BDNF水平或与BDNF功能障碍有关的因素,以及精神分裂症的动物模型,以及精神分裂症的认知。
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引用次数: 2
Whole body vibration therapy and cognitive functions: a systematic review. 全身振动疗法与认知功能:系统综述。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023010
Nisha Shantakumari, Musaab Ahmed

Whole Body Vibration has been found to induce physiological changes in human subjects, improving their neuromuscular, respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Evidence from animal research prove that whole-body vibration appears to induce changes in molecular and cellular levels to alter cognitive functions in mice. There is evolving evidence for a potential value of whole body vibration in improving cognition and preventing the development of age-related cognitive disorders in humans. However, literature on the biological consequences of whole-body vibration on the human brain is scanty. If so, gathering the available evidences would help decide the possibility of designing appropriate whole-body vibration protocols to extend its application to induce neurocognitive enhancement and optimize its effects. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was performed, consulting the ProQuest, MEDLINE and Scopus bibliographic databases, to summarize the available scientific evidence on the effects of whole-body vibration on cognitive functions in adults. Results of the review suggest that whole-body vibration therapy enhances a wide spectrum of cognitive functions in adults although there isn't enough evidence available yet to be able to design a standardized protocol to achieve optimum cognitive enhancement.

全身振动已被发现能引起人体的生理变化,改善他们的神经、肌肉、呼吸和心血管功能。来自动物研究的证据证明,全身振动似乎会引起分子和细胞水平的变化,从而改变小鼠的认知功能。越来越多的证据表明,全身振动在改善人类认知和预防与年龄相关的认知障碍方面具有潜在价值。然而,关于全身振动对人脑的生物学影响的文献很少。如果是这样,收集现有的证据将有助于确定设计合适的全身振动方案的可能性,以扩大其应用范围,诱导神经认知增强并优化其效果。因此,我们通过查阅ProQuest、MEDLINE和Scopus书目数据库,对相关文献进行了系统回顾,总结了有关全身振动对成人认知功能影响的现有科学证据。该综述的结果表明,全身振动疗法可以增强成人广泛的认知功能,尽管目前还没有足够的证据来设计一个标准化的方案来实现最佳的认知增强。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
AIMS Neuroscience
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