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Protocol for a systematic review of the effects of gardening physical activity on neuroplasticity and cognitive function. 园艺体育活动对神经可塑性和认知功能影响的系统评价方案。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023009
Antonio G Lentoor, Tiro B Motsamai, Thandokuhle Nxiweni, Bongumusa Mdletshe, Siyasanga Mdingi

Background: The beneficial effects of gardening as a form of physical activity have garnered growing interest in recent years. Existing research suggests that physical activity enhances brain function through modifying synaptic plasticity, growth factor synthesis, and neurogenesis. Gardening physical activity is a promising, cost-effective, non-invasive intervention that can easily be augmented in the rehabilitation of neurodegenerative conditions. However, there is still insufficient literature. This protocol describes a systematic review to be conducted of scientific literature on the benefits of gardening as a physical activity that can promote neuroplasticity and improve cognitive function. This information can be useful as an intervention for persons who experience cognitive impairment brought on by cancer and chemotherapy in developing countries such as South Africa where there is real need to access cognitive rehabilitation.

Methods and analysis: The systematic review strategy will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic literature database search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science will be carried out using medical search terms (MeSH), with English as the only permitted language, during the time period of January 2010 to December 2022. We will search for and review studies on how gardening as a physical activity impacts neuroplasticity and cognition. Two reviewers will read the titles, and abstracts and full text of the studies identified during the search to exclude records that do not meet the inclusion criteria. Data will then be extracted from the remaining studies. Any differences in opinion arising between the reviewers during the procedure will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool checklist will be utilized independently by two reviewers to evaluate the possibility of bias. The included articles will be subjected to narrative synthesis, with the results being presented in a thematic manner.

Ethics and dissemination: There are no need for ethical approval because no patient data will be gathered. The results will be disseminated through an open-access peer-reviewed indexed journal, presented scientific meetings.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023394493.

背景:近年来,园艺作为一种体育活动形式的有益影响已经引起了越来越多的兴趣。现有研究表明,体育活动通过改变突触可塑性、生长因子合成和神经发生来增强脑功能。园艺体力活动是一种有前途的,具有成本效益的,非侵入性的干预,可以很容易地在神经退行性疾病的康复中得到增强。然而,相关文献仍然不足。本协议描述了对科学文献进行的系统综述,这些文献关于园艺作为一种可以促进神经可塑性和改善认知功能的体育活动的好处。对于南非等发展中国家因癌症和化疗而出现认知障碍的人来说,这一信息可以作为一种干预措施,因为这些国家确实需要获得认知康复。方法和分析:系统评价策略将根据系统评价和荟萃分析(PRISMA)指南的首选报告项目进行。在2010年1月至2022年12月期间,将使用医学检索词(MeSH)对MEDLINE (PubMed)、Embase、Scopus、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central)和Web of Science进行电子文献数据库检索,英文为唯一允许的语言。我们将寻找和回顾园艺作为一种体育活动如何影响神经可塑性和认知的研究。两名审稿人将阅读检索过程中确定的研究的标题、摘要和全文,以排除不符合纳入标准的记录。然后将从剩余的研究中提取数据。评审人员在评审过程中产生的任何意见分歧将通过与第三位评审人员讨论来解决。乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)关键评估工具清单将由两名审稿人独立使用,以评估偏倚的可能性。纳入的文章将进行叙事综合,结果将以专题方式呈现。伦理和传播:不需要伦理批准,因为不需要收集患者数据。研究结果将通过一份开放获取的同行评议索引期刊和科学会议进行传播。普洛斯彼罗注册号:CRD42023394493。
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial meningitis-induced demyelination: A logical fallacy or groundbreaking avenue in neuroscience? 细菌性脑膜炎引起的脱髓鞘:逻辑谬误还是神经科学的开创性途径?
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023013
Tjokorda Istri Pramitasuri, Ni Made Susilawathi, Aa Raka Sudewi
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引用次数: 0
The effect of familiarity on neural tracking of music stimuli is modulated by mind wandering 熟悉度对音乐刺激神经跟踪的影响是由走神调节的
Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2023025
Joan Belo, Maureen Clerc, Daniele Schön

One way to investigate the cortical tracking of continuous auditory stimuli is to use the stimulus reconstruction approach. However, the cognitive and behavioral factors impacting this cortical representation remain largely overlooked. Two possible candidates are familiarity with the stimulus and the ability to resist internal distractions. To explore the possible impacts of these two factors on the cortical representation of natural music stimuli, forty-one participants listened to monodic natural music stimuli while we recorded their neural activity. Using the stimulus reconstruction approach and linear mixed models, we found that familiarity positively impacted the reconstruction accuracy of music stimuli and that this effect of familiarity was modulated by mind wandering.

& lt; abstract>研究连续听觉刺激的皮层跟踪的一种方法是使用刺激重建方法。然而,影响这种皮层表征的认知和行为因素在很大程度上被忽视了。两种可能的原因是对刺激的熟悉程度和抵抗内部干扰的能力。为了探讨这两个因素对自然音乐刺激的皮层表征的可能影响,我们记录了41名参与者在听单一自然音乐刺激时的神经活动。使用刺激重建方法和线性混合模型,我们发现熟悉度正影响音乐刺激重建的准确性,并且这种影响受到走神的调节。& lt; / abstract>
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引用次数: 0
Effect of postnatal environmental enrichment on LTP induction in the CA1 area of hippocampus of prenatally traffic noise-stressed female rats 产后环境富集对产前交通噪声应激雌性大鼠海马CA1区LTP诱导的影响
Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2023021
Fatemeh Aghighi, Mahmoud Salami, Sayyed Alireza Talaei

Early-life stress negatively alters mammalian brain programming. Environmental enrichment (EE) has beneficial effects on brain structure and function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of postnatal environmental enrichment on long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in the hippocampal CA1 area of prenatally stressed female rats. The pregnant Wistar rats were housed in a standard animal room and exposed to traffic noise stress 2 hours/day during the third week of pregnancy. Their offspring either remained intact (ST) or received enrichment (SE) for a month starting from postnatal day 21. The control groups either remained intact (CO) or received enrichment (CE). Basic field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in the CA1 area; then, LTP was induced by high-frequency stimulation. Finally, the serum levels of corticosterone were measured. Our results showed that while the prenatal noise stress decreased the baseline responses of the ST rats when compared to the control rats (P &lt; 0.001), the postnatal EE increased the fEPSPs of both the CE and SE animals when compared to the respective controls. Additionally, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) induced LTP in the fEPSPs of the CO rats (P &lt; 0.001) and failed to induce LTP in the fEPSPs of the ST animals. The enriched condition caused increased potentiation of post-HFS responses in the controls (P &lt; 0.001) and restored the disrupted synaptic plasticity of the CA1 area in the prenatally stressed rats. Likewise, the postnatal EE decreased the elevated serum corticosterone of prenatally stressed offspring (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the postnatal EE restored the stress induced impairment of synaptic plasticity in rats' female offspring.

& lt; abstract><p>早期生活压力会对哺乳动物的大脑编程产生负面影响。环境富集(EE)对大脑结构和功能有有益的影响。本研究旨在评价出生后环境富集对产前应激雌性大鼠海马CA1区长期增强(LTP)诱导的影响。妊娠Wistar大鼠饲养于标准动物室,在妊娠第三周每天暴露于交通噪声环境2小时。他们的后代要么保持完整(ST),要么接受富集(SE),从出生后第21天开始一个月。对照组要么保持原状(CO),要么接受浓缩(CE)。在CA1区记录基本场兴奋性突触后电位(fepsp);然后用高频刺激诱发LTP。最后,测定血清皮质酮水平。我们的研究结果显示,与对照组相比,产前噪声应激降低了ST大鼠的基线反应(P <0.001),与各自的对照组相比,出生后EE增加了CE和SE动物的fEPSPs。此外,高频刺激(HFS)诱导CO大鼠fEPSPs发生LTP (P <0.001),未能在ST动物的fEPSPs中诱导LTP。富集条件导致对照组hfs后反应增强(P <0.001),并恢复了产前应激大鼠CA1区的突触可塑性。同样,产后EE降低了产前应激子代升高的血清皮质酮(P <0.001)。综上所述,产后情感表达可恢复应激引起的雌性后代突触可塑性损伤。& lt; / abstract>
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of white matter hyperintensities with synthetic MRI myelin volume fraction in patients with multiple sclerosis and non-multiple-sclerosis white matter hyperintensities: A pilot study among the Indian population. 用合成MRI髓磷脂体积分数评估多发性硬化症和非多发性硬化症患者白质高信号:一项针对印度人群的初步研究。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023011
Nisha Syed Nasser, Krish Sharma, Parv Mahendra Mehta, Vidur Mahajan, Harsh Mahajan, Vasantha Kumar Venugopal

Aim: Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) works on the MDME sequence, which acquires the relaxation properties of the brain and helps to measure the accurate tissue properties in 6 minutes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synthetic MRI (SyMRI)-generated myelin (MyC) to white matter (WM) ratio, the WM fraction (WMF), MyC partial maps performing normative brain volumetry to investigate MyC loss in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with white-matter hyperintensites (WMHs) and non-MS patients with WMHs in a clinical setting.

Materials and methods: Synthetic MRI images were acquired from 15 patients with MS, and from 15 non-MS patients on a 3T MRI scanner (Discovery MR750w; GE Healthcare; Milwaukee, USA) using MAGiC, a customized version of SyntheticMR's SyMRI® IMAGE software marketed by GE Healthcare under a license agreement. Fast multi-delay multi-echo acquisition was performed with a 2D axial pulse sequence with different combinations of echo time (TEs) and saturation delay times. The total image acquisition time was 6 minutes. SyMRI image analysis was done using SyMRI software (SyMRI Version: 11.3.6; Synthetic MR, Linköping, Sweden). SyMRI data were used to generate the MyC partial maps and WMFs to quantify the signal intensities of test group and control group, andcontrol group , and their mean values were recorded. All patients also underwent conventional diffusion-weighted imaging, i.e., T1w and T2w imaging.

Results: The results showed that the WMF was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (38.8% vs 33.2%, p < 0.001). The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric t-test revealed a significant difference in the mean myelin volume between the test group and the control group (158.66 ± 32.31 vs. 138.29 ± 29.28, p = 0.044). Also, there were no significant differences in the gray matter fraction and intracranial volume between the test group and the control group.

Conclusions: We observed MyC loss in test group using quantitative SyMRI. Thus, myelin loss in MS patients can be quantitatively evaluated using SyMRI.

目的:合成磁共振成像(synmri)对MDME序列进行研究,获得大脑的放松特性,有助于准确测量6分钟内的组织特性。本研究的目的是评估合成MRI (SyMRI)生成的髓磷脂(MyC)与白质(WM)之比,WM分数(WMF), MyC部分图执行规范的脑容量测定,以调查多发性硬化症(MS)伴白质高强度(wmh)患者和非MS伴wmh患者在临床环境中的MyC损失。材料和方法:通过3T MRI扫描仪(Discovery MR750w;通用电气医疗集团;MAGiC是通用电气医疗集团根据许可协议销售的SyntheticMR公司SyMRI®IMAGE软件的定制版本。采用不同回波时间(TEs)和饱和延迟时间组合的二维轴向脉冲序列进行快速多延迟多回波采集。总图像采集时间为6分钟。使用SyMRI软件(SyMRI Version: 11.3.6;合成MR, Linköping,瑞典)。采用SyMRI数据生成MyC局部图和WMFs,量化实验组、对照组和对照组的信号强度,并记录其平均值。所有患者均行常规弥散加权成像,即T1w和T2w成像。结果:试验组WMF明显低于对照组(38.8% vs 33.2%, p < 0.001)。Mann-Whitney U非参数t检验显示,实验组和对照组的平均髓磷脂体积差异有统计学意义(158.66±32.31比138.29±29.28,p = 0.044)。实验组和对照组在脑灰质分数和颅内体积上也没有显著差异。结论:通过定量SyMRI观察到实验组MyC丢失。因此,髓磷脂损失在MS患者可以定量评估使用SyMRI。
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引用次数: 0
Post-translational modifications of the apelin receptor regulate its functional expression apelin受体的翻译后修饰调节其功能表达
Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2023022
Toshihiko Kinjo, Shun Ebisawa, Tatsuya Nokubo, Mifu Hashimoto, Takonori Yamada, Michiko Oshio, Ruka Nakamura, Kyosuke Uno, Nobuyuki Kuramoto

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are protein modifications that occur after protein biosynthesis, playing a crucial role in regulating protein function. They are involved in the functional expression of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as well as intracellular and secretory protein signaling. Here, we aimed to investigate the PTMs of the apelin receptor (APLNR), a GPCR and their potential influence on the receptor's function. In an in vitro experiment using HEK cells, we only observed glycosylation as a PTM of the APLNR and ineffective receptor signaling by the agonist, (Pyr1)-apelin-13. In contrast, when analyzing mouse spinal cord, we detected glycosylation and other PTMs, excluding isopeptidation. This suggests that additional PTMs are involved in the functional expression of the APLNR in vitro. In summary, these findings suggest that the APLNR in vivo requires multiple PTMs for functional expression. To comprehensively understand the pharmacological effects of the APLNR, it is essential to establish an in vitro system that adequately replicates the receptor's PTM profile. Nonetheless, it is crucial to overcome the challenge of heat-sensitive proteolysis in APLNR studies. By elucidating the regulation of PTMs, further research has the potential to advance the analysis and pharmacological studies of both the apelin/APLNR system and GPCR signal modulation.

& lt; abstract>翻译后修饰(Post-translational modification, PTMs)是发生在蛋白质生物合成之后的蛋白质修饰,在调节蛋白质功能中起着至关重要的作用。它们参与g蛋白偶联受体(gpcr)的功能表达,以及细胞内和分泌蛋白信号传导。在此,我们旨在研究apelin受体(APLNR)的PTMs及其对受体功能的潜在影响。在HEK细胞的体外实验中,我们只观察到糖基化作为APLNR的PTM,以及激动剂(Pyr<sup>1</sup>)-apelin-13的无效受体信号传导。相比之下,在分析小鼠脊髓时,我们检测到糖基化和其他PTMs,不包括异肽。这表明,在体外,额外的PTMs参与了APLNR的功能表达。综上所述,这些发现表明,APLNR在体内需要多个PTMs才能实现功能表达。为了全面了解APLNR的药理作用,有必要建立一个体外系统,充分复制受体的PTM谱。尽管如此,在APLNR研究中克服热敏蛋白水解的挑战是至关重要的。通过阐明ptm的调控,进一步的研究有可能推进apelin/APLNR系统和GPCR信号调节的分析和药理学研究。& lt; / abstract>
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引用次数: 0
Chronic treatment with escitalopram and venlafaxine affects the neuropeptide S pathway differently in adult Wistar rats exposed to maternal separation. 艾司西酞普兰和文拉法辛慢性治疗对母鼠分离后成年Wistar大鼠神经肽S通路的影响不同。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-13 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022022
Miłosz Gołyszny, Michał Zieliński, Monika Paul-Samojedny, Artur Pałasz, Ewa Obuchowicz

Neuropeptide S (NPS), which is a peptide that is involved in the regulation of the stress response, seems to be relevant to the mechanism of action of antidepressants that have anxiolytic properties. However, to date, there have been no reports regarding the effect of long-term treatment with escitalopram or venlafaxine on the NPS system under stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the above-mentioned antidepressants on the NPS system in adult male Wistar rats that were exposed to neonatal maternal separation (MS). Animals were exposed to MS for 360 min. on postnatal days (PNDs) 2-15. MS causes long-lasting behavioral, endocrine and neurochemical consequences that mimic anxiety- and depression-related features. MS and non-stressed rats were given escitalopram or venlafaxine (10mg/kg) IP from PND 69 to 89. The NPS system was analyzed in the brainstem, hypothalamus, amygdala and anterior olfactory nucleus using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. The NPS system was vulnerable to MS in the brainstem and amygdala. In the brainstem, escitalopram down-regulated NPS and NPS mRNA in the MS rats and induced a tendency to reduce the number of NPS-positive cells in the peri-locus coeruleus. In the MS rats, venlafaxine insignificantly decreased the NPSR mRNA levels in the amygdala and a number of NPSR cells in the basolateral amygdala, and increased the NPS mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. Our data show that the studied antidepressants affect the NPS system differently and preliminarily suggest that the NPS system might partially mediate the pharmacological effects that are induced by these drugs.

神经肽S (NPS)是一种参与应激反应调节的肽,似乎与具有抗焦虑特性的抗抑郁药的作用机制有关。然而,到目前为止,还没有关于长期使用艾司西酞普兰或文拉法辛对应激条件下NPS系统影响的报道。本研究旨在探讨上述抗抑郁药物对暴露于新生儿母分离(MS)的成年雄性Wistar大鼠NPS系统的影响。动物在出生后2-15天(PNDs)暴露于MS 360分钟。多发性硬化症引起长期的行为、内分泌和神经化学后果,模仿焦虑和抑郁相关的特征。从PND 69 ~ 89, MS和非应激大鼠给予艾司西酞普兰或文拉法辛(10mg/kg) IP。采用定量RT-PCR和免疫组织化学方法分析脑干、下丘脑、杏仁核和前嗅核的NPS系统。NPS系统易受脑干和杏仁核MS的影响。在脑干中,艾司西酞普兰下调MS大鼠的NPS和NPS mRNA,并诱导蓝斑周围NPS阳性细胞数量减少的趋势。在MS大鼠中,文拉法辛不显著降低杏仁核NPSR mRNA水平和杏仁核基底外侧NPSR细胞数量,增加下丘脑NPS mRNA水平。我们的数据表明,所研究的抗抑郁药对NPS系统的影响不同,初步表明NPS系统可能部分介导这些药物诱导的药理作用。
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引用次数: 1
Neural basis of topographical disorientation in the primate posterior cingulate gyrus based on a labeled graph. 基于标签图的灵长类后扣带回地形迷失的神经基础。
IF 3.1 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-09 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022021
Yang Yu, Tsuyoshi Setogawa, Jumpei Matsumoto, Hiroshi Nishimaru, Hisao Nishijo

Patients with lesions in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), including the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), cannot navigate in familiar environments, nor draw routes on a 2D map of the familiar environments. This suggests that the topographical knowledge of the environments (i.e., cognitive map) to find the right route to a goal is represented in the PCG, and the patients lack such knowledge. However, theoretical backgrounds in neuronal levels for these symptoms in primates are unclear. Recent behavioral studies suggest that human spatial knowledge is constructed based on a labeled graph that consists of topological connections (edges) between places (nodes), where local metric information, such as distances between nodes (edge weights) and angles between edges (node labels), are incorporated. We hypothesize that the population neural activity in the PCG may represent such knowledge based on a labeled graph to encode routes in both 3D environments and 2D maps. Since no previous data are available to test the hypothesis, we recorded PCG neuronal activity from a monkey during performance of virtual navigation and map drawing-like tasks. The results indicated that most PCG neurons responded differentially to spatial parameters of the environments, including the place, head direction, and reward delivery at specific reward areas. The labeled graph-based analyses of the data suggest that the population activity of the PCG neurons represents the distance traveled, locations, movement direction, and navigation routes in the 3D and 2D virtual environments. These results support the hypothesis and provide a neuronal basis for the labeled graph-based representation of a familiar environment, consistent with PCG functions inferred from the human clinicopathological studies.

扣带回后部(PCG)(包括脾后部皮层(RSC)和扣带回后部皮层(PCC))发生病变的患者无法在熟悉的环境中导航,也无法在熟悉环境的二维地图上绘制路线。这表明,找到通往目标的正确路线所需的环境地形知识(即认知地图)在 PCG 中有所体现,而患者缺乏这种知识。然而,灵长类动物出现这些症状的神经元水平的理论背景尚不清楚。最近的行为学研究表明,人类的空间知识是基于一个标签图构建的,该标签图由地点(节点)之间的拓扑连接(边)组成,其中包含局部度量信息,如节点之间的距离(边权重)和边之间的角度(节点标签)。我们假设,PCG 中的群体神经活动可能代表了基于标记图的此类知识,从而对三维环境和二维地图中的路线进行编码。由于之前没有数据可以验证这一假设,我们记录了一只猴子在完成虚拟导航和类似地图绘制任务时的 PCG 神经元活动。结果表明,大多数 PCG 神经元对环境的空间参数(包括地点、头部方向和特定奖励区域的奖励传递)有不同的反应。基于标记图的数据分析表明,PCG 神经元群的活动代表了三维和二维虚拟环境中的行进距离、位置、运动方向和导航路线。这些结果支持了这一假设,并为基于标签图的熟悉环境表征提供了神经元基础,这与从人类临床病理学研究中推断出的 PCG 功能是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on food craving and food intake in individuals affected by obesity and overweight: a mini review of the magnitude of the effects. 经颅直流电刺激对肥胖和超重个体食物渴望和食物摄入的影响:对其影响程度的小型回顾。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-08-01 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022020
Graziella Orrù, Valentina Cesari, Eleonora Malloggi, Ciro Conversano, Danilo Menicucci, Alessandro Rotondo, Cristina Scarpazza, Laura Marchi, Angelo Gemignani

Obesity represents one of the wellness diseases concurring to increase the incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. One of the main perpetuating factors of obesity is food craving, which is characterized by an urgent desire to eat a large and various amount of food, regardless of calories requirement or satiety signals, and it might be addressed to the alteration of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity. Despite most of the gold-standard therapies focus on symptom treatment only, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could help treat overeating by modulating specific neural pathways. The current systematic review was conducted to identify whether convergent evidence supporting the usefulness of tDCS to deal with food craving are present in the literature. The review was conducted by searching articles published up to January 1st 2022 on MEDLINE, Scopus and PsycInfo databases. We included studies investigating the effects of tDCS on food craving in subjects affected by overweight and obesity. According to eligibility criteria, 5 articles were included. Results showed that tDCS targeting left DLPFC with unipolar montage induced ameliorating effects on food craving. Controversial results were shown for the other studies, that might be ascribable to the use of bipolar montage, and the choice of other target areas. Further investigations including expectancy effect control, larger sample sizes and follow-up are needed to support more robust conclusions. To conclude, tDCS combined with the use of psychoeducative intervention, diet and physical activity, might represents a potential to manage food craving in individuals with overweight and obesity.

肥胖是同时增加糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症发病率的健康疾病之一。肥胖的主要持久因素之一是对食物的渴望,其特征是迫切渴望吃大量各种各样的食物,而不考虑卡路里需求或饱腹感信号,这可能与背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)活动的改变有关。尽管大多数黄金标准疗法只关注症状治疗,但非侵入性脑刺激技术,如经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)可以通过调节特定的神经通路来帮助治疗暴饮暴食。目前进行的系统回顾是为了确定文献中是否存在支持tDCS处理食物渴望的有用性的趋同证据。检索截至2022年1月1日在MEDLINE、Scopus和PsycInfo数据库上发表的文章。我们纳入了调查tDCS对超重和肥胖受试者对食物渴望的影响的研究。根据入选标准,共纳入5篇文章。结果表明,tDCS以单极蒙太奇的方式靶向左DLPFC可诱导对食物渴望的改善作用。有争议的结果显示了其他的研究,这可能是由于使用双相蒙太奇,和其他目标区域的选择。需要进一步的调查,包括期望效应控制,更大的样本量和随访,以支持更有力的结论。综上所述,tDCS与心理教育干预、饮食和体育活动相结合,可能代表了一种控制超重和肥胖个体对食物渴望的潜力。
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引用次数: 1
The patterns of facial fractures in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients using ordinal regression: a retrospective study of five years. 使用有序回归分析外伤性脑损伤(TBI)患者面部骨折的模式:一项为期五年的回顾性研究。
IF 2.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-07-26 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022019
Mohamad Arif Awang Nawi, Nor Farid Mohd Noor, Ramizu Shaari, Ameera Kamal Khaleel, Muhamamd Amirul Mat Lazin, Ibrahim Mohammed Sulaiman, Mustafa Mamat

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), traumatic brain injury (TBI) will mainly contribute to disability and death by 2020. Facial fractures associated with TBI are a significant public health concern worldwide. The main etiological factors are road traffic accidents, violence, and falls. Neurological injury associated with facial fractures has been reported to be as high as 76%. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated facial fracture patterns in patients with a traumatic brain injury in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and evaluated their associations in our study. Ordinal regression was used to examine the facial fracture patterns in patients with traumatic brain injuries. The confounding variables were controlled using ordinal regression analysis, and probabilities of p < 0.1 were considered significant associations. The results found that zygomatic arch fracture -1.141 (95% CI, -2.487 to 0.204, p-value = 0.096), Le Fort II fracture -1.080 (95% CI, -2.138 to -0.022, p-value = 0.045), maxillary bone fracture 2.924 (95% CI, 1.784 to 4.063, p-value .001), nasal bone fracture 4.047 (95% CI, 1.243 to 6.851, p-value = 0.005), and mandibular bone fracture 1.501 (95% CI, 0.711 to 2.291, p-value .001) were the most common facial fracture types associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study provides valuable data for creating prevention plans and gives a chance to discover the epidemiology, prevalence, and connection between TBI and facial fracture.

根据世界卫生组织(世卫组织)的数据,到2020年,创伤性脑损伤(TBI)将是导致残疾和死亡的主要原因。创伤性脑损伤相关的面部骨折是世界范围内一个重要的公共卫生问题。主要的病因是道路交通事故、暴力和跌倒。据报道,与面部骨折相关的神经损伤高达76%。因此,我们回顾性地评估了马来西亚圣大医院外伤性脑损伤患者的面部骨折模式,并在我们的研究中评估了它们之间的关联。采用有序回归方法对外伤性脑损伤患者的面部骨折模式进行研究。使用有序回归分析控制混杂变量,p < 0.1的概率被认为是显著关联。结果发现,颧骨弓骨折-1.141 (95% CI, -2.487 ~ 0.204, p值= 0.096)、Le Fort II骨折-1.080 (95% CI, -2.138 ~ -0.022, p值= 0.045)、上颌骨折2.924 (95% CI, 1.784 ~ 4.063, p值0.001)、鼻骨折4.047 (95% CI, 1.243 ~ 6.851, p值= 0.005)、下颌骨骨折1.501 (95% CI, 0.711 ~ 2.291, p值0.001)是创伤性脑损伤(TBI)最常见的面部骨折类型。本研究为制定预防计划提供了有价值的数据,并为发现脑外伤与面部骨折之间的流行病学、患病率和联系提供了机会。
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AIMS Neuroscience
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