Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2021.31.7.631
Jin Young Lee, H. Kim, J. Kang
Houttuynia cordata Thunberg has been studied for a variety of pharmacological actions in traditional oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of Houttuynia cordata ethanol extract (HCE) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) models induced by castration and testosterone propionate (TP) injection. Thirty rats were divided into six groups. One group was used as a normal control, and the other groups were castrated and had intraperitoneal injections of TP for 14 days to induce BPH. A positive control group was given daily doses of finasteride (5 mg/kg) to the BPH model. Rats administered HCE (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg) instead of finasteride were compared with controls as experimental groups. There was no statistical significance in terms of prostate weight based on 100 g of body weight. The concentrations of 5-α reductase and dehydroxytestosteronre (DHT) were determined via ELISA tests, and there was a significant decrease in all experimental groups. The 0.5 mg/kg HCE group had the lowest level of 5-α reductase, and the 2 mg/kg HCE group had the lowest level of DHT. In the histopathological observation of prostates, the control and the 2 mg/kg HCE groups had normal cell shapes and no swelling. However, in the negative control group and the 1 mg/kg HCE group, the cells were swollen, and the gap between the cells was narrowed. In particular, in the 0.5 mg/kg HCE group, some cells were bursting. Therefore, the administration of more than 2 mg/kg of HCE is suitable to protect against BPH.
{"title":"Determination of Optimal Dosage of Ethanol Extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg Against Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","authors":"Jin Young Lee, H. Kim, J. Kang","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2021.31.7.631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.7.631","url":null,"abstract":"Houttuynia cordata Thunberg has been studied for a variety of pharmacological actions in traditional oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of Houttuynia cordata ethanol extract (HCE) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) models induced by castration and testosterone propionate (TP) injection. Thirty rats were divided into six groups. One group was used as a normal control, and the other groups were castrated and had intraperitoneal injections of TP for 14 days to induce BPH. A positive control group was given daily doses of finasteride (5 mg/kg) to the BPH model. Rats administered HCE (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg) instead of finasteride were compared with controls as experimental groups. There was no statistical significance in terms of prostate weight based on 100 g of body weight. The concentrations of 5-α reductase and dehydroxytestosteronre (DHT) were determined via ELISA tests, and there was a significant decrease in all experimental groups. The 0.5 mg/kg HCE group had the lowest level of 5-α reductase, and the 2 mg/kg HCE group had the lowest level of DHT. In the histopathological observation of prostates, the control and the 2 mg/kg HCE groups had normal cell shapes and no swelling. However, in the negative control group and the 1 mg/kg HCE group, the cells were swollen, and the gap between the cells was narrowed. In particular, in the 0.5 mg/kg HCE group, some cells were bursting. Therefore, the administration of more than 2 mg/kg of HCE is suitable to protect against BPH.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"631-640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89936686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2021.31.5.453
Si On Lim, Hye Ri Park, Na Young Jung, Cho Eun Park, Sumaira Kanwal, K. Chung
{"title":"Identification of Homozygous Mutations in Two Consanguineous Families with Hearing Loss","authors":"Si On Lim, Hye Ri Park, Na Young Jung, Cho Eun Park, Sumaira Kanwal, K. Chung","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2021.31.5.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.5.453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"310 1","pages":"453-463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76545872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ajls.20210905.13
Solomon Abebaw Andargie, Assaye Belay Gelaw
{"title":"Alcohol Drinking Habits and Its Leading Factors of Undergraduate Students: Using Cross-Sectional Study Design","authors":"Solomon Abebaw Andargie, Assaye Belay Gelaw","doi":"10.11648/j.ajls.20210905.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20210905.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73590414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ajls.20210903.11
Garuma Nemera Roge
{"title":"Isolation of Fungal Pathogens of Stored Maize, Zea mays L., in Seka Chokersa District of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Garuma Nemera Roge","doi":"10.11648/j.ajls.20210903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20210903.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73602574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2021.31.3.330
H. Kim, M. Park, S. Kim, Bu Kyung Kim, Junho Park, Daehyun Kim, S. Cho
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Leaf Extracts of Stewartia koreana against Porphyromonas gingivalis","authors":"H. Kim, M. Park, S. Kim, Bu Kyung Kim, Junho Park, Daehyun Kim, S. Cho","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2021.31.3.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.3.330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"330-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75439343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ajls.20210905.17
Baosheng Sun, Linyue Hou, Yu Yang
Dietary fiber is important for the growth performance and health of chickens. However, chickens must rely on fiber-degrading bacteria to grade fiber into monosaccharides due to a lack of endogenous fiber-degrading enzymes. Some of monosaccharides are then fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by SCFA-producing bacteria. SCFAs further regulate the host metabolism via special G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) such as GPR43. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the impacts of adding dietary fiber on gut microorganisms and microbial metabolites-SCFAs of chickens. However, few works have focused on SCFA receptors and their impacts on metabolism of chickens. Understanding of this would help to explore how the dietary fiber affects chickens’ metabolism via SCFAs and their receptors. Given this, three different levels (0%, 1%, and 2%) of dietary fiber–eubiotic lignocellulose were added to the feed of ISA brown hens (IBH) for 0–8 weeks, with the aim of observing the effects of adding it on the gut microbiota, SCFAs, their receptors and metabolism of chickens. The results showed that the addition of 1% significantly increased the relative abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria Sutterella, Oscillospira and Lactobacillus panis and the production of SCFAs (P < 0.05). The primer sequences of the GPR43 and reaction conditions designed in this experiment were applied to chickens. However, because the difference of the concentration of SCFAs was not great among groups, there was no significant change in the relative expression of the GPR43 mRNA in the liver and cecum (P > 0.05), resulting in there being no significant difference among groups in the appetite metabolism indexes including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and glucose metabolism indexes including blood glucose and liver glycogen of chickens (P > 0.05). The addition of 1% eubiotic lignocellulose is beneficial to increase the relative abundance of some SCFA-producing bacteria and the production of SCFAs at 8 weeks. The effects of added eubiotic lignocellulose on the relative expression of GPR43 mRNA and the metabolism of chickens were slight.
{"title":"Effects of Adding Dietary Fiber on the Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Metabolism of Layer Chickens","authors":"Baosheng Sun, Linyue Hou, Yu Yang","doi":"10.11648/j.ajls.20210905.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20210905.17","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary fiber is important for the growth performance and health of chickens. However, chickens must rely on fiber-degrading bacteria to grade fiber into monosaccharides due to a lack of endogenous fiber-degrading enzymes. Some of monosaccharides are then fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by SCFA-producing bacteria. SCFAs further regulate the host metabolism via special G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) such as GPR43. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the impacts of adding dietary fiber on gut microorganisms and microbial metabolites-SCFAs of chickens. However, few works have focused on SCFA receptors and their impacts on metabolism of chickens. Understanding of this would help to explore how the dietary fiber affects chickens’ metabolism via SCFAs and their receptors. Given this, three different levels (0%, 1%, and 2%) of dietary fiber–eubiotic lignocellulose were added to the feed of ISA brown hens (IBH) for 0–8 weeks, with the aim of observing the effects of adding it on the gut microbiota, SCFAs, their receptors and metabolism of chickens. The results showed that the addition of 1% significantly increased the relative abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria Sutterella, Oscillospira and Lactobacillus panis and the production of SCFAs (P < 0.05). The primer sequences of the GPR43 and reaction conditions designed in this experiment were applied to chickens. However, because the difference of the concentration of SCFAs was not great among groups, there was no significant change in the relative expression of the GPR43 mRNA in the liver and cecum (P > 0.05), resulting in there being no significant difference among groups in the appetite metabolism indexes including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and glucose metabolism indexes including blood glucose and liver glycogen of chickens (P > 0.05). The addition of 1% eubiotic lignocellulose is beneficial to increase the relative abundance of some SCFA-producing bacteria and the production of SCFAs at 8 weeks. The effects of added eubiotic lignocellulose on the relative expression of GPR43 mRNA and the metabolism of chickens were slight.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85729828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2021.31.3.305
Min-Jeong Oh, Hyeon-Ji Yeom, J. Chae, Jinyoung Lee
{"title":"Antioxidant Activities and Whitening Effects of a Mixture of the Eco-friendly Materials Pinus koraiensis and Hibiscus cannabinus L.","authors":"Min-Jeong Oh, Hyeon-Ji Yeom, J. Chae, Jinyoung Lee","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2021.31.3.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.3.305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"305-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87660113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2021.31.6.574
Chang-Ju Lee, Kwang-Il Kim, Yu-Seon Han, Myeong-Eun Jegal, Yung-Jin Kim
{"title":"Comparison of the Pathogenicity of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Genotypes Isolated from Rainbow Trout in Gangwon Province","authors":"Chang-Ju Lee, Kwang-Il Kim, Yu-Seon Han, Myeong-Eun Jegal, Yung-Jin Kim","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2021.31.6.574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.6.574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"574-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85321888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2021.31.4.418
Y. Choe, K. Moon, J. Yoo, J. Byun, Sun-Chul Hwang, D. Moon, D. Woo
{"title":"Atorvastatin and Fluvastatin Can Reduce IL-1β-induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Keratinocytes","authors":"Y. Choe, K. Moon, J. Yoo, J. Byun, Sun-Chul Hwang, D. Moon, D. Woo","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2021.31.4.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.4.418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"418-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89487583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2021.31.6.543
JunHyeok Kim, Da-Hyun Lee, Mi Hyun Lee, Y. Jung, Chongho Park, H. Lee, C. Na
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Asteraceae Plant Seed Extracts","authors":"JunHyeok Kim, Da-Hyun Lee, Mi Hyun Lee, Y. Jung, Chongho Park, H. Lee, C. Na","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2021.31.6.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.6.543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"543-549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90315962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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