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Scene Tracing 现场跟踪
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.1.4
Christal Young
The notion of scenes has helped frame how particular clusters of cultural activities, practices, and "happenings" simultaneously replicate and transform global practices in specific localities. The study of scenes has aided us in examinations of how geographic and virtual localities create and shape global industries, movements, and genres. In this article, I focus on the Toronto game production scene to examine how it replicates and transforms the wider cultural norms, working conditions, and genre productions of the global game industry. Based on a two-year ethnography of the scene, I survey how gamemakers maintain and challenge the expected norms and practices of industry and platforms in the production of local games. To identify these clusters of cultural activity, I develop the notion of scenes as palimpsests to trace how gamemakers replicate and transform industry cultural norms and practices in the local scene. The last decade has seen the emergence of social media platforms as a venue for participants of scenes to discuss, create, and disseminate their works with geographically local and global audiences. The textual spaces of these platforms connect participants of local production scenes to a global community defined by geography, industry, and genre. By tracing scenes through its inscriptions, I examine how these platforms are centers for encounters between the values and practices of the Toronto game production scene and the wider industry. This article is about how the geographical cultural activities of scenes are shifting into virtual environments, and how these virtual spaces are transforming the cultural norms and practices of gamemaking and its associated activities, such as socials, game jams, and "talking shop." I argue that analyses of globalization must consider the wider physical and virtual infrastructures of local production to understand how cultural media are produced and circulated around the globe.
场景的概念有助于构建特定的文化活动、实践和“事件”集群如何同时复制和改变特定地区的全球实践。对场景的研究帮助我们研究地理和虚拟地区如何创造和塑造全球产业、运动和流派。在本文中,我将着眼于多伦多的游戏制作场景,并分析它是如何复制并改变全球游戏产业中更广泛的文化规范、工作条件和类型制作。基于对这一领域两年的研究,我调查了游戏开发者在本地游戏制作过程中如何维持和挑战行业和平台的预期规范和惯例。为了识别这些文化活动集群,我提出了将场景视为重写的概念,以追踪游戏开发者如何在当地场景中复制和改变行业文化规范和实践。在过去的十年里,社交媒体平台的出现为场景参与者提供了一个场所,让他们与本地和全球的观众讨论、创作和传播他们的作品。这些平台的文本空间将本地生产场景的参与者连接到由地理、行业和类型定义的全球社区。通过追溯铭文中的场景,我研究了这些平台是如何成为多伦多游戏制作场景和更广泛行业的价值观和实践之间的碰撞中心的。本文讨论的是场景中的地理文化活动如何转移到虚拟环境中,以及这些虚拟空间如何改变游戏制作及其相关活动(如社交、游戏jam和“talking shop”)的文化规范和实践。我认为,对全球化的分析必须考虑到更广泛的本地生产的物理和虚拟基础设施,以了解文化媒体是如何在全球范围内生产和传播的。
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引用次数: 0
Alter Egoing
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.1.5
Larissa A. Irizarry
In this article, I use alter egoing as a heuristic, a method for solving the problem of the evolving alter egos of Black women in popular music. When alter egos are analyzed through this lens, the refashioning of artistic imaginaries become legible as intellectual labor. The intellectual labor that Janelle Monáe primarily provides are critiques of notions of womanhood and Blackness in the United States. I understand Monáe’s alter egoing as a reaction to the affective political strategies mobilized in US electoral politics. Former President Barack Obama developed an affective strategy based on his personal brand of optimism, first presented in his book 'The Audacity of Hope' (2006). He developed his signature optimistic politics while he was a senator and he continued to promote his “audacious hopefulness” into his 2008 presidential campaign. Former President Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign also utilized an affective political strategy, as he rallied his supporters around culturally white (male) nostalgia with the cry, “Make America Great Again.” I track the affective evolution of Monáe’s alter egoing from pessimism to optimism in the context of the anti-Black populisms of the post-Obama era (2016–), culminating in a close reading of her 2018 album, 'Dirty Computer.' In identifying Monáe's troubled relationship with notions of normative identity through her first alter ego, I evaluate the relevance of posthumanism and Afrofuturism, which scholars have used to critique American notions of race, gender, and sexuality. In analyzing the shift in affect from her first alter ego to her most recent, I detect in Monáe's alter egoing a critical optimism, a disidentifying strategy that begins to take shape in 'Dirty Computer.'
在这篇文章中,我将改变自我作为一种启发式的方法,来解决流行音乐中黑人女性改变自我的演变问题。当通过这个镜头分析另一个自我时,艺术想象的重塑就变成了智力劳动。Janelle Monáe主要提供的智力劳动是对美国女性和黑人观念的批判。我理解Monáe的改变是对美国选举政治中调动的情感政治策略的反应。美国前总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)根据他个人的乐观主义品牌制定了一种有效的策略,这一策略首次出现在他的著作《无畏的希望》(The Audacity of Hope, 2006)中。他在担任参议员期间形成了他标志性的乐观主义政治,并在2008年的总统竞选中继续宣扬他的“大胆的希望”。前总统唐纳德·特朗普在2016年的总统竞选中也使用了一种情感政治策略,他以“让美国再次伟大”(Make America Great Again)的口号,将自己的支持者团结在白人(男性)怀旧情绪周围。我追踪了Monáe在后奥巴马时代(2016 -)的反黑人民粹主义背景下从悲观到乐观的情感演变,并在仔细阅读她2018年的专辑《Dirty Computer》时达到高潮。在通过她的第一个自我来确定Monáe与规范性身份概念的麻烦关系时,我评估了后人类主义和非洲未来主义的相关性,学者们用它们来批评美国的种族、性别和性观念。在分析她从第一个自我到最近一个自我的情感转变时,我在Monáe的自我中发现了一种批判的乐观主义,一种在《肮脏的电脑》中开始形成的不认同策略。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Trans Care by Hil Malatino (University of Minnesota Press) 希尔·马拉蒂诺《跨性别护理》综述(明尼苏达大学出版社)
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.2.22
Alex C. Barksdale
Hil Malatino’s short book 'Trans Care' critiques the heteronormativity of dominant theorizations of care. By taking trans lives seriously, he shows how trans care webs form the basis of trans survival. Malatino deftly weaves together the insights of trans studies and activism with care feminism to explore the archive, cultural production, healthcare, and politics. He broadens feminist and left perspectives on care and brings care from the margins into the center of trans studies. 'Trans Care' is a plea for stronger, more egalitarian, and solidaristic relations of care.
希尔·马拉蒂诺(hill Malatino)的短篇著作《跨关怀》(Trans Care)批评了主流关怀理论的异性规范性。通过认真对待跨性别者的生活,他展示了跨性别关怀网络是如何构成跨性别者生存的基础。马拉蒂诺巧妙地将跨性别研究和行动主义的见解与关怀女权主义结合在一起,探索档案、文化生产、医疗保健和政治。他拓宽了女权主义者和左派对关怀的看法,并将关怀从边缘地带带入了跨性别研究的中心。“跨性别关怀”呼吁建立更强大、更平等、更团结的关怀关系。
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引用次数: 0
Wasted: Wastewater, Hygiene Theatrics, and Contaminated Imaginaries 浪费:废水、卫生表演和被污染的想象
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.1.2
J.Y.F. Chow, S. Gerson
This collaborative essay takes up three pungent streams of wastewater to address how environments, politics, communities, and power are mediated by liquid waste: urine, feces, and everything else recklessly flushed down toilets, washed down drains, stored in pits, and dumped in the ocean. “Wasted” looks to the multi-scalar worlds of wastewater by centering waste sites and COVID-19 concerns regarding wastewater virality. First, our tour of Santa Barbara’s El Estero Water Resource Center brings us to the variegated, embodied, multi-sensory, and multispecies communities of wastewater. El Estero provides an odoriferous infrastructural current through which we follow wastewater and the socialites and environments it mediates on California’s Central Coast. We then move to the ways wastewater has been interwoven with global pandemic fears to address how human waste retains infectious COVID-19 viral material even after it has been flushed away. COVID-19, in other words, haunts the infrastructural ports through which wastewater is funneled. We conclude with wastewater’s epochal effects within the Anthropocene. Throughout, we offer the term “hygiene theatrics” to identify how the performance of hygiene, cleanliness, and purity rely on dichotomous constructions of dirtiness and cleanliness that reinforce structural power dynamics including racism and homophobia. “Wasted” is a collaborative feminist and queer experiment in form and methodology that explores wastewater as both a material reality and a theoretical apparatus that is informed by and contributes to the environmental humanities, infrastructure studies, and feminist and queer science studies.
这篇合作论文以三种刺鼻的废水流为主题,阐述了液体废物是如何调节环境、政治、社区和权力的:尿液、粪便和其他一切被肆无忌惮地冲下厕所、冲下下水道、储存在坑里、倾倒在海洋里。“浪费”着眼于废水的多标量世界,以废物场地和COVID-19对废水病毒的关注为中心。首先,我们参观了圣巴巴拉的埃尔埃斯特罗水资源中心,让我们看到了多样化、具体化、多感官和多物种的废水群落。埃尔埃斯特罗提供了一种气味浓郁的基础设施电流,通过它我们可以追踪废水,以及它在加州中央海岸调解的社会和环境。然后,我们转向废水与全球大流行恐惧交织在一起的方式,以解决人类排泄物在被冲走后如何保留传染性COVID-19病毒物质的问题。换句话说,2019冠状病毒病困扰着污水汇集的基础设施港口。我们总结了废水在人类世中的划时代影响。在整个过程中,我们提供了“卫生戏剧”一词,以确定卫生、清洁和纯度的表现如何依赖于肮脏和清洁的二元结构,这种结构强化了包括种族主义和同性恋恐惧症在内的结构性权力动态。“浪费”是一个女权主义者和酷儿在形式和方法上的合作实验,它将废水作为一种物质现实和理论工具进行探索,并为环境人文、基础设施研究、女权主义者和酷儿科学研究做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Satisfaction Guaranteed: Techno-Orientalism in Vaporwave 保证满意:Vaporwave中的技术东方主义
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.1.3
Lucy March
A characteristic frequently glossed over in scholarly examinations of the online electronic music genre vaporwave is its use of East Asian cultural imagery in its paratexts. One exception is a piece by musicologist Ken McLeod, who connects vaporwave’s use of visual references to Japanese culture to techno-Orientalism, a term that describes how paranoia around Japanese economic expansion in the late twentieth century manifested in American and European cultural products. This article extends McLeod's argument to show how the uses and reproductions of East Asian cultural elements in vaporwave serve to reinforce stereotypes consistent with histories of techno-Orientalist representations, particularly with regard to gender. This article elaborates on the anonymous nature of the vaporwave scene to complicate approaches to techno-Orientalist analyses of digital artifacts. In doing so, this essay contributes to the growing body of scholarly literature addressing the roles representation, aesthetics, and affect play in the formation of communities around music genres online.
在对在线电子音乐流派vaporwave的学术研究中,一个经常被忽视的特点是,它在其文本中使用了东亚文化意象。一个例外是音乐学家肯·麦克劳德(Ken McLeod)的作品,他将蒸汽波对日本文化的视觉参考与技术东方主义(techno-Orientalism)联系起来,这个术语描述了20世纪末日本经济扩张的偏执是如何在美国和欧洲的文化产品中表现出来的。本文扩展了麦克劳德的观点,展示了东亚文化元素在蒸汽波中的使用和复制如何强化了与技术东方主义表现的历史相一致的刻板印象,特别是在性别方面。本文详细阐述了蒸汽波场景的匿名性,使数字文物的技术东方主义分析方法复杂化。在此过程中,本文为越来越多的学术文献做出了贡献,这些文献涉及在线音乐流派社区形成中的角色表现、美学和影响。
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引用次数: 1
Review of The Aesthetics of Excess: The Art and Politics of Black and Latina Embodiment by Jillian Hernandez (Duke University Press) 《过度美学:黑人和拉丁裔体现的艺术与政治》,作者:吉利安·埃尔南德斯(杜克大学出版社)
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.1.13
Iván A. Ramos
'The Aesthetics of Excess' by Jillian Hernandez is a dazzling and provocative book that deploys the aesthetic as a category to grasp with great care the lives and representations of Black and Latina women whose performance of gender exceeds the white middle class norms of feminine comportment.
吉莉安·埃尔南德斯的《过剩的美学》是一本令人眼花缭乱、引人入胜的书,它将美学作为一个范畴,非常仔细地把握黑人和拉丁裔女性的生活和表现,这些女性的性别表现超出了白人中产阶级对女性行为的规范。
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引用次数: 0
Review of The Long Emancipation: Moving Toward Freedom by Rinaldo Walcott (Duke University Press) 《漫长的解放:走向自由》书评,作者:里纳尔多·沃尔科特(杜克大学出版社)
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.1.12
Shauna Rigaud
In 'The Long Emancipation: Moving Toward Freedom,' Rinaldo Walcott argues, through the use of short essays, that the Black experience can be understood through the lens of the constant struggle for emancipation. For Walcott, true freedom for Black people was never attained with emancipation and in fact, emancipation is still an ongoing process. Each chapter interrogates an aspect of Black life and death that according to Walcott create the space for Black freedom to exist.
在《漫长的解放:走向自由》中,里纳尔多·沃尔科特认为,通过短文的使用,黑人的经历可以通过不断争取解放的镜头来理解。对沃尔科特来说,黑人真正的自由从来不是随着解放而实现的,事实上,解放仍然是一个持续的过程。每一章都探讨了黑人生死的一个方面,根据沃尔科特的说法,这为黑人的自由存在创造了空间。
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引用次数: 0
Review of History on the Run: Secrecy, Fugitivity, and Hmong Refugee Epistemologies by Ma Vang (Duke University Press) 《逃亡史回顾:秘密、逃亡和苗族难民认识论》,作者:马旺(杜克大学出版社)
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.1.11
A. Lo
In 'History on the Run: Secrecy, Fugitivity, and Hmong Refugee Epistemologies,' Ma Vang deftly answers the question of how one can "recount a history that has systematically been kept secret" by centering Hmong refugees as sources of knowledge and critique (7). Her book scrutinizes the refugee archive to draw out stories that have been secreted away in other places: in a missing baggage claim, in the neutralization of Laos, in redacted documents, in the figure of the uncivilized Hmong soldier, in the naming of a war as "secret," in the silenced bodies of Hmong women. Her central concept of "history on the run" refers to a form of fugitive knowledge that "does not remain still and cannot easily be found" (8). Vang's book makes explicit the forms of knowledge that travel with and within refugee bodies, rather than the "official" history of the archive.
在《逃亡的历史:秘密、逃亡和苗族难民认识论》一书中,马杨巧妙地回答了一个问题,即如何通过将苗族难民作为知识和批判的来源来“叙述一段系统地保密的历史”(7)。她的书仔细审查了难民档案,以找出在其他地方被秘密隐藏的故事:遗失行李的认领,老挝的中立化,经过编辑的文件,未开化的苗族士兵的形象,将一场战争命名为“秘密”,以及苗族妇女沉默的尸体。她的核心概念“逃亡的历史”指的是一种“不会静止不动,也不容易被找到”的逃亡知识形式(8)。她的书明确指出了与难民身体一起旅行和在难民体内旅行的知识形式,而不是档案的“官方”历史。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Ocean Passages: Navigating Pacific Islander and Asian American Literatures by Erin Suzuki (Temple University Press) 《海洋通道回顾:太平洋岛民与亚裔美国人的航行》,艾琳·铃木著(天普大学出版社)
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.1.10
Sandra S. Kim
Erin Suzuki's 'Ocean Passages' is a sustained analysis of how various narratives of "ocean passages" disrupt and revise hegemonic constructions of the Pacific. Through analyses of contemporary Indigenous Pacific and Asian American literatures, Suzuki demonstrates what new paradigms can emerge by bringing Asian and Pacific Islander passages across the same sea into critical relationality.
艾琳铃木的《海洋通道》是对“海洋通道”的各种叙事如何破坏和修改太平洋霸权建设的持续分析。通过对当代太平洋原住民和亚裔美国人文学的分析,铃木展示了通过将亚洲和太平洋岛民穿越同一片海洋的通道带入批判性的关系中,可以出现什么样的新范式。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Mapping Abundance for a Planetary Future: Kanaka Maoli and Critical Settler Cartographies in Hawai'i by Candace Fujikane (Duke University Press) 《为地球的未来绘制丰富的地图:夏威夷的卡纳卡毛利和关键的定居者制图》,坎迪斯·藤凯恩著(杜克大学出版社)
Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25158/l11.1.9
H. Hobart
Employing the teachings of Indigenous cartographic practices to trouble the Western epistemologies of subdivision that underpin private property development, Candace Fujikane's 'Mapping Abundance for a Planetary Future' charts out an unabashedly hopeful vision for futures that exceed the dictates of capitalist accumulation. Abundance, as Fujikane shows throughout, is not an ungrounded future wish, or a hazily-defined otherwise that we must collectively imagine. It has already been mapped out for us by Indigenous peoples—in her example, Kanaka Maoli—who have long thrived according to fundamental philosophies of cultivation and relationality.
坎迪斯·藤凯恩(Candace Fujikane)的《为地球的未来绘制丰富的地图》(Mapping Abundance for a Planetary Future)一书利用土著制图实践的教导,对支撑私有房地产开发的西方细分认识论提出了质疑,该书毫不掩饰地描绘了一幅超越资本主义积累支配的充满希望的未来图景。正如《藤游》贯穿始终所展示的那样,富足不是毫无根据的未来愿望,也不是我们必须共同想象的模糊定义。它已经被土著人民为我们规划好了——以她为例,卡纳卡·毛利——他们长期以来一直根据培养和关系的基本哲学而蓬勃发展。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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