Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00704-6
Hidenori Tani
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. Despite lacking protein-coding capabilities, lncRNAs play crucial roles in cellular processes, including gene-expression modulation and structural maintenance. The study of lncRNAs has evolved significantly since 2009, with advancements in analytical methodologies providing new insights into their functions and dynamics. Key developments include BRIC-Seq, SLAM-Seq, TUC-Seq, TimeLapse-seq, and Dyrec-Seq. These methodologies have enabled researchers to investigate lncRNA behavior under various conditions, including cellular stress responses and complex biologic systems. Future challenges include developing comprehensive techniques for identifying lncRNA-interacting proteins and advancing in vivo methodologies using model organisms. As the field progresses, integrating these technologies will enhance our understanding of lncRNA biology, potentially leading to novel therapeutic strategies and deeper insights into gene-regulation mechanisms.
{"title":"Metabolic labeling of RNA using ribonucleoside analogs enables the evaluation of RNA synthesis and degradation rates.","authors":"Hidenori Tani","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00704-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-024-00704-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. Despite lacking protein-coding capabilities, lncRNAs play crucial roles in cellular processes, including gene-expression modulation and structural maintenance. The study of lncRNAs has evolved significantly since 2009, with advancements in analytical methodologies providing new insights into their functions and dynamics. Key developments include BRIC-Seq, SLAM-Seq, TUC-Seq, TimeLapse-seq, and Dyrec-Seq. These methodologies have enabled researchers to investigate lncRNA behavior under various conditions, including cellular stress responses and complex biologic systems. Future challenges include developing comprehensive techniques for identifying lncRNA-interacting proteins and advancing in vivo methodologies using model organisms. As the field progresses, integrating these technologies will enhance our understanding of lncRNA biology, potentially leading to novel therapeutic strategies and deeper insights into gene-regulation mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00702-8
W. Gadomski, K. Polok, K. Skała, B. Ratajska-Gadomska
The femtosecond pump–probe technique, i.e. the transient transmission spectroscopy, has been used for the first time, to detect the vibrational spectra of symmetric fundamentals ν2 and ν3 in bromoform and chloroform. The spectra were obtained by fast Fourier transforms of the time domain signals. For both, CHCl3 and CHBr3, there are four isotopologues contributing to the spectra, due to the existence of two stable isotopes; chlorine, 35Cl and 37Cl, and bromine, 79Br and 81Br, respectively. While for chloroform the isotope splitting of the ν3 spectral band can be observed even in the spontaneous Raman scattering, for bromoform it is not detectable. Herewith we show that using the time domain spectroscopy and the windowed Fourier transform method we can provide the high resolution spectrum of the ν3 fundamental in bromoform, in which the contributions of all isotopologues are well distinguishable. The data have been collected for few volume concentrations of the studied liquids diluted in the neutral solvent CCl4. It is shown that the intensity pattern of the spectra evolves with decreasing concentration and for the ν3 fundamental it reaches the natural abundance pattern at a very high dilution. The simple theoretical model, which treats the molecules in a liquid as interacting oscillators, allows us to explain the dependence of the shape of the spectrum on the strength of the intermolecular interactions.
{"title":"Bromine isotope splitting in vibrational spectra of bromoform by time-resolved transient transmission spectroscopy","authors":"W. Gadomski, K. Polok, K. Skała, B. Ratajska-Gadomska","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00702-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-024-00702-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The femtosecond pump–probe technique, i.e. the transient transmission spectroscopy, has been used for the first time, to detect the vibrational spectra of symmetric fundamentals ν<sub>2</sub> and ν<sub>3</sub> in bromoform and chloroform. The spectra were obtained by fast Fourier transforms of the time domain signals. For both, CHCl<sub>3</sub> and CHBr<sub>3</sub>, there are four isotopologues contributing to the spectra, due to the existence of two stable isotopes; chlorine, <sup>35</sup>Cl and <sup>37</sup>Cl, and bromine, <sup>79</sup>Br and <sup>81</sup>Br, respectively. While for chloroform the isotope splitting of the ν<sub>3</sub> spectral band can be observed even in the spontaneous Raman scattering, for bromoform it is not detectable. Herewith we show that using the time domain spectroscopy and the windowed Fourier transform method we can provide the high resolution spectrum of the ν<sub>3</sub> fundamental in bromoform, in which the contributions of all isotopologues are well distinguishable. The data have been collected for few volume concentrations of the studied liquids diluted in the neutral solvent CCl<sub>4</sub>. It is shown that the intensity pattern of the spectra evolves with decreasing concentration and for the ν<sub>3</sub> fundamental it reaches the natural abundance pattern at a very high dilution. The simple theoretical model, which treats the molecules in a liquid as interacting oscillators, allows us to explain the dependence of the shape of the spectrum on the strength of the intermolecular interactions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"211 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00698-1
Tsung-Han Liu, Masanari Okuno
We report 532-nm and 1064-nm excited hyper-Raman (HR) spectra of representative non-proteinogenic amino acids, including α-, β-, and γ-amino acids. Different from the common 20 proteinogenic amino acids, natural non-proteinogenic amino acids cannot be incorporated into proteins during translation, while they are indispensable as intermediates in many processes like biosynthesis and neurotransmitters. In 532-nm excited HR spectra, the COO─ symmetric stretching bands are commonly intense, and the NH3+ bands are clearly observable. In addition, based on the reported IR and Raman study, we found that some HR bands are IR-active but Raman-inactive. In contrast, HR signals with the 1064-nm excitation are much weaker than the 532-nm excitation. Nevertheless, we observed the COO─ scissoring band unexpectedly, much stronger than other bands with the 1064-nm excitation. Our results suggest that the electronic resonance effect plays a role in enabling us to detect HR signals in the UV region readily. We expect that this study provides a supplementary reference for HR spectroscopy of natural amino acids.
{"title":"Hyper-Raman spectroscopy of non-proteinogenic amino acids","authors":"Tsung-Han Liu, Masanari Okuno","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00698-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-024-00698-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report 532-nm and 1064-nm excited hyper-Raman (HR) spectra of representative non-proteinogenic amino acids, including α-, β-, and γ-amino acids. Different from the common 20 proteinogenic amino acids, natural non-proteinogenic amino acids cannot be incorporated into proteins during translation, while they are indispensable as intermediates in many processes like biosynthesis and neurotransmitters. In 532-nm excited HR spectra, the COO<sup>─</sup> symmetric stretching bands are commonly intense, and the NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> bands are clearly observable. In addition, based on the reported IR and Raman study, we found that some HR bands are IR-active but Raman-inactive. In contrast, HR signals with the 1064-nm excitation are much weaker than the 532-nm excitation. Nevertheless, we observed the COO<sup>─</sup> scissoring band unexpectedly, much stronger than other bands with the 1064-nm excitation. Our results suggest that the electronic resonance effect plays a role in enabling us to detect HR signals in the UV region readily. We expect that this study provides a supplementary reference for HR spectroscopy of natural amino acids.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"201 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44211-024-00698-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00703-7
Akifumi Ikehata
The hydration state of the alcohols was investigated using the extended molar absorption coefficient, which redefines the molar absorption coefficient as a differential coefficient of concentration. The extended molar absorption coefficient is a function of the concentration calculated from the difference in absorbance, and is consistent with the conventional molar absorption coefficient, allowing a complete quantitative comparison. The quantitative performance was verified using IR and NIR absorption spectra of aqueous solutions of monovalent alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and tert-butanol) that were soluble in water at any mixing ratio. Extended molar absorption coefficient spectra were calculated for the combination bands of water, which were further separated by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) into molecular species with different peak wavenumbers: strongly hydrogen-bonded (SHB), weakly hydrogen-bonded (WHB), and free OH species. The number of water species that change when one alcohol molecule increases, i.e., the perturbed hydration number (PHN), was calculated by comparison with the conventional molar absorption coefficient of pure water. The calculated PHN indicates that the numbers of SHB and WHB species are reversed at approximately 20 wt%, and that the free OH species increase at higher alcohol concentrations and are more pronounced for alcohols with bulky alkyl groups. These results provide a quantitative answer to the long-debated question of anomalies in water-alcohol mixing.
{"title":"Extension of the molar absorption coefficient for non-ideal mixtures: an application to aqueous monovalent alcohol solutions.","authors":"Akifumi Ikehata","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00703-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-024-00703-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hydration state of the alcohols was investigated using the extended molar absorption coefficient, which redefines the molar absorption coefficient as a differential coefficient of concentration. The extended molar absorption coefficient is a function of the concentration calculated from the difference in absorbance, and is consistent with the conventional molar absorption coefficient, allowing a complete quantitative comparison. The quantitative performance was verified using IR and NIR absorption spectra of aqueous solutions of monovalent alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and tert-butanol) that were soluble in water at any mixing ratio. Extended molar absorption coefficient spectra were calculated for the combination bands of water, which were further separated by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) into molecular species with different peak wavenumbers: strongly hydrogen-bonded (SHB), weakly hydrogen-bonded (WHB), and free OH species. The number of water species that change when one alcohol molecule increases, i.e., the perturbed hydration number (PHN), was calculated by comparison with the conventional molar absorption coefficient of pure water. The calculated PHN indicates that the numbers of SHB and WHB species are reversed at approximately 20 wt%, and that the free OH species increase at higher alcohol concentrations and are more pronounced for alcohols with bulky alkyl groups. These results provide a quantitative answer to the long-debated question of anomalies in water-alcohol mixing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00695-4
Hang Zhao, Min Zhou, Chunlin Liu, Hongheng Sun, Panshuo Zhang, Jun Ma, Xiaofeng Shi
The analysis of Raman spectrum data has gradually transitioned into the era of machine learning. However, it is still constrained by the challenge of acquiring large volumes of raw data and the issue of losing characteristic information from spectral data. In this paper, we propose a strategy that combines data amplification and attention mechanisms for analyzing antibiotic spectral data. Firstly, a Generative Adversarial Network was employed to amplify the SERS spectrum of eight antibiotics by 10 times, to augment the dataset to fulfill the requirements of the neural network. Then, the amplified data is input into a one-dimensional convolutional neural network with an attentional mechanism module, which enables a more accurate capture of spectral feature information. The one-dimensional convolutional neural network achieved a 97.5% accuracy in classifying eight antibiotics. The accuracy of the four mixtures within the same class was 89.4%.
{"title":"Antibiotic SERS spectral analysis based on data augmentation and attention mechanism strategy","authors":"Hang Zhao, Min Zhou, Chunlin Liu, Hongheng Sun, Panshuo Zhang, Jun Ma, Xiaofeng Shi","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00695-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-024-00695-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The analysis of Raman spectrum data has gradually transitioned into the era of machine learning. However, it is still constrained by the challenge of acquiring large volumes of raw data and the issue of losing characteristic information from spectral data. In this paper, we propose a strategy that combines data amplification and attention mechanisms for analyzing antibiotic spectral data. Firstly, a Generative Adversarial Network was employed to amplify the SERS spectrum of eight antibiotics by 10 times, to augment the dataset to fulfill the requirements of the neural network. Then, the amplified data is input into a one-dimensional convolutional neural network with an attentional mechanism module, which enables a more accurate capture of spectral feature information. The one-dimensional convolutional neural network achieved a 97.5% accuracy in classifying eight antibiotics. The accuracy of the four mixtures within the same class was 89.4%.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"251 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00700-w
Andreas H. Franz, Nathan Ta, Ella Nguyen, Kendall Bromley, Hana Rosenblatt, Aprilrose Fabro, Geoff Lin-Cereghino
Oligosaccharides were covalently labeled with 1-pyrenemethylamine (1-PMA) in 15 min at 75 °C with high yield, separated by quantitative HPLC in less than 20 min, and characterized by off-line Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). A new MALDI mass spectral precursor ion for fragmentation studies was observed from 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid matrix (DHB, hydroquinone/benzoquinone redox system) through photo-induced reductive elimination. The resulting high-energy protonated glycosylamine provided excellent fragmentation efficiency (Y-, B-ions, and combination losses), with ions covering almost the entire structure of several oligosaccharides at the low picomol level. With the new method, glycans from commercially available standard glycoproteins and glycans from bioengineered β-lactoglobulin expressed in the bgs13 mutant of Pichia pastoris were analyzed.
{"title":"Photoionization of pyrenemethylamine-labeled oligosaccharides: a new MALDI-TOF precursor ion-type for efficient fragmentation","authors":"Andreas H. Franz, Nathan Ta, Ella Nguyen, Kendall Bromley, Hana Rosenblatt, Aprilrose Fabro, Geoff Lin-Cereghino","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00700-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-024-00700-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oligosaccharides were covalently labeled with 1-pyrenemethylamine (1-PMA) in 15 min at 75 °C with high yield, separated by quantitative HPLC in less than 20 min, and characterized by off-line Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). A new MALDI mass spectral precursor ion for fragmentation studies was observed from 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid matrix (DHB, hydroquinone/benzoquinone redox system) through photo-induced reductive elimination. The resulting high-energy protonated glycosylamine provided excellent fragmentation efficiency (Y-, B-ions, and combination losses), with ions covering almost the entire structure of several oligosaccharides at the low picomol level. With the new method, glycans from commercially available standard glycoproteins and glycans from bioengineered β-lactoglobulin expressed in the <i>bgs13</i> mutant of <i>Pichia pastoris</i> were analyzed.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"297 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00693-6
Xudong Xue, Yan Zhang
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a pathogen that has generated global concern due to the public health challenges it has created. Therefore, the rapid and accurate detection of E. coli is important to public health safety. Microchips have become a popular analytical technique for detecting E. coli due to their automation, high analytical efficiency, and low analyte consumption. Therefore, this paper highlights multiple microchip-based strategies for the detection of E. coli, reviews their limitations, and provides strategies and future perspectives for analyzing E. coli..
{"title":"Review of the detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli based-microchip technology","authors":"Xudong Xue, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00693-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-024-00693-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is a pathogen that has generated global concern due to the public health challenges it has created. Therefore, the rapid and accurate detection of <i>E. coli</i> is important to public health safety. Microchips have become a popular analytical technique for detecting <i>E. coli</i> due to their automation, high analytical efficiency, and low analyte consumption. Therefore, this paper highlights multiple microchip-based strategies for the detection of <i>E. coli</i>, reviews their limitations, and provides strategies and future perspectives for analyzing <i>E. coli.</i>.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"225 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00696-3
Fatih Polat
In this study, a simple, accurate, and precise analytical strategy was developed for the determination of total nitrogen (total dissolved nitrogen + particulate nitrogen) in surface waters using smartphone technology. The spectrophotometric method based on digestion with persulfate, commonly used in water analyses, was integrated with a digital image-based colorimetric detection system (DIC). To evaluate the accuracy of the total nitrogen-digital image-based colorimetric detection system (TN-DIC), results obtained from the Hach method and UV–VIS spectrophotometer were compared with the RGB values obtained from the smartphone imaging system. T-Test results indicated no statistically significant difference between the results obtained from the TN-DIC method and the standard methods. The linear range of the TN-DIC method was determined to be 0.25–5 mg/L. The analytical quality indicators of the system were established as follows: limit of detection (LOD) 0.095 ppm, limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.29 ppm, %RSD 0.32, and R2 value 0.9982. Recovery percentages (99–112%) used to measure the analytical performance of the method were calculated through spike applications at concentrations of 1 and 2 ppm in real water samples. Unlike traditional spectrophotometric methods, this smartphone-based approach is fast, simple, and cost-effective, requiring no complex equipment during analysis.
{"title":"Simple, accurate, and precise detection of total nitrogen in surface waters using a smartphone-based analytical method","authors":"Fatih Polat","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00696-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-024-00696-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a simple, accurate, and precise analytical strategy was developed for the determination of total nitrogen (total dissolved nitrogen + particulate nitrogen) in surface waters using smartphone technology. The spectrophotometric method based on digestion with persulfate, commonly used in water analyses, was integrated with a digital image-based colorimetric detection system (DIC). To evaluate the accuracy of the total nitrogen-digital image-based colorimetric detection system (TN-DIC), results obtained from the Hach method and UV–VIS spectrophotometer were compared with the RGB values obtained from the smartphone imaging system. T-Test results indicated no statistically significant difference between the results obtained from the TN-DIC method and the standard methods. The linear range of the TN-DIC method was determined to be 0.25–5 mg/L. The analytical quality indicators of the system were established as follows: limit of detection (LOD) 0.095 ppm, limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.29 ppm, %RSD 0.32, and R<sup>2</sup> value 0.9982. Recovery percentages (99–112%) used to measure the analytical performance of the method were calculated through spike applications at concentrations of 1 and 2 ppm in real water samples. Unlike traditional spectrophotometric methods, this smartphone-based approach is fast, simple, and cost-effective, requiring no complex equipment during analysis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"281 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous extracts of corn silk exhibit glycation-inhibitory activity. Lignin is the active component of these extracts. As corn silk is highly nutritious and has medicinal value, it can be used as a functional food and cosmetics. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to evaluate its quality. As lignin, which could be used as a marker compound for quality control, is a macromolecule, HPLC cannot be employed for the quality control of the aqueous extracts of corn silk. We here develop a method to evaluate the anti-glycation activity of the aqueous extracts of corn silk using attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy along with multivariate statistical analysis. The inhibitory activity was evaluated using two multivariate calibrations: principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR). The spectral areas of the PCR model were 633.5–880.3, 1191.8–1359.6, 1423.1–1492.6, and 2572.6–2974.7 cm−1. Its coefficient of correlation (R2 = 0.981) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV = 2.356) were highly predictable. The spectral regions of 983.5–985.5 and 1021.1–1107.9 cm−1 offered the best prediction models for the PLSR model. The R2 value for the correlation between the actual values and the FTIR-predicted values was 0.994, while the corresponding RMSECV was 1.325%. Hence, FTIR spectroscopy along with multivariate calibration is a useful method for evaluating active corn silk aqueous extracts.
{"title":"Quality control of corn silk extract using IR spectroscopy along with statistical methods","authors":"Aiko Sano, Yutaka Inoue, Yuji Higuchi, Ken-ichi Akao, Ryuichiro Suzuki","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00699-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-024-00699-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aqueous extracts of corn silk exhibit glycation-inhibitory activity. Lignin is the active component of these extracts. As corn silk is highly nutritious and has medicinal value, it can be used as a functional food and cosmetics. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to evaluate its quality. As lignin, which could be used as a marker compound for quality control, is a macromolecule, HPLC cannot be employed for the quality control of the aqueous extracts of corn silk. We here develop a method to evaluate the anti-glycation activity of the aqueous extracts of corn silk using attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy along with multivariate statistical analysis. The inhibitory activity was evaluated using two multivariate calibrations: principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR). The spectral areas of the PCR model were 633.5–880.3, 1191.8–1359.6, 1423.1–1492.6, and 2572.6–2974.7 cm<sup>−1</sup>. Its coefficient of correlation (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.981) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV = 2.356) were highly predictable. The spectral regions of 983.5–985.5 and 1021.1–1107.9 cm<sup>−1</sup> offered the best prediction models for the PLSR model. The <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> value for the correlation between the actual values and the FTIR-predicted values was 0.994, while the corresponding RMSECV was 1.325%. Hence, FTIR spectroscopy along with multivariate calibration is a useful method for evaluating active corn silk aqueous extracts.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"311 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a valuable biomarker for the early detection of genetic diseases and for evaluating treatment efficacy. We developed a rapid and cost-effective purification method for urinary cfDNA using a commercially available DNA purification kit. This method enables the rapid purification (< 20 min) of DNA suitable for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using only a centrifuge and a heater. Additionally, we discovered that short-chain DNA could be efficiently purified by incorporating a concentration step using cationic particles. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of the purified DNA demonstrated that use of the developed method effectively decreased the DNA detection limit. Overall, this method enables the rapid and inexpensive purification of DNA, and it is suitable for combination with recent advanced DNA analysis technologies such as qPCR, next-generation sequencing, and mass spectrometry. It is therefore expected to contribute to the early detection of cancer and have a major impact on the medical field.
{"title":"A rapid purification method for trace amounts of cell-free DNA in urine","authors":"Ryo Fukushima, Yuina Ogura, Chikako Hosokawa, Noriko Watanabe, Fumihiro Ishikawa, Motoko Shibanuma, Masaru Kato","doi":"10.1007/s44211-024-00687-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-024-00687-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a valuable biomarker for the early detection of genetic diseases and for evaluating treatment efficacy. We developed a rapid and cost-effective purification method for urinary cfDNA using a commercially available DNA purification kit. This method enables the rapid purification (< 20 min) of DNA suitable for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using only a centrifuge and a heater. Additionally, we discovered that short-chain DNA could be efficiently purified by incorporating a concentration step using cationic particles. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of the purified DNA demonstrated that use of the developed method effectively decreased the DNA detection limit. Overall, this method enables the rapid and inexpensive purification of DNA, and it is suitable for combination with recent advanced DNA analysis technologies such as qPCR, next-generation sequencing, and mass spectrometry. It is therefore expected to contribute to the early detection of cancer and have a major impact on the medical field.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 2","pages":"137 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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