Sugar Tech最新文献

The aim of this study was to estimate the correlations among traits in biomass sorghum, estimate the direct and indirect effects, and check for a cause/effect relationship of the traits on the theoretical calorific value (TCV) through pathway analysis. An additional aim is to provide a complementary technique for analysis of the traits and orientation of breeding programs of biomass sorghum through data mining. A total of 25 hybrids of biomass sorghum were evaluated in a triple square lattice design. The following traits were measured: flowering (FLOW); plant height (PH); fresh biomass yield of the stalk (FBYs), of leaves, and of panicles; dry matter of the stalk and of the leaves (DMl); neutral detergent fiber of the stalk and of the leaves; acid detergent fiber of the stalk and of the leaves; lignin of the stalk and of the leaves; hemicellulose of the stalk and of the leaves; cellulose concentration of the stalk and of the leaves; and the TCV. The data were placed under exploratory analysis, the mixed model approach, pathway analysis based on genotypic correlations, and the regression tree technique. The traits FLOW, PH, FBYs, DMl, and LIG were considered the main determinants of the changes in the TCV and, therefore, with potential for use in indirect selection. The technique of data mining allowed better visualization of the relationships among the traits, assisting in some explanations regarding the effect of the traits on the TCV.

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a major sugar crop in China and an economic crop with regional advantages in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Currently, abiotic stresses are among the main factors restricting the high-quality development of the sugar beet industry. Recent research has shown that NAC transcription factors play an important role in regulating plant growth and development, as well as in resisting abiotic stress. To determine the specific expression of the NAC transcription factor family in different organs of sugar beet under different abiotic stress conditions, this study systematically analyzed the expression response of 52 members of the NAC transcription factor family in different organs to abiotic stress conditions using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. The responses of NAC transcription factor genes to different abiotic stresses were identified in sugar beet leaves and roots; 18 and 17 NAC transcription factor genes were found to respond specifically to abiotic stress in sugar beet leaves and roots, respectively. The research results provide a reference basis for using NAC transcription factors to develop stress-resistant germplasm resources in sugar beets.

Coordinated development of green production in sugarcane industry and the economy of the main producing areas is vital for scientifically formulating reduction policies for carbon emission and promoting high-quality industrial development. In the present study, the carbon emissions generated in sugarcane planting process were measured, and the green production efficiency along with comprehensive social development of main sugarcane-producing areas was evaluated and coupled to assess the coordination. The results indicated that carbon emission intensity from sugarcane planting in China decreased from 3.0963 tons/ha in 2012 to 2.4863 tons/ha in 2021, a decrease of 19.70%. The green development efficiency has significantly improved, rising from 0.9228 in 2012 to 1.1478 in 2021. The efficiency in Guangdong and Hainan reached its peak in 2021. Notably, the degree of coupling and coordination between green sugarcane production and comprehensive social development has progressively improved, transitioning from low- to high-level coupling and from serious imbalance to high-quality coordination. In 2021, all regions achieved a high degree of coupling and high-quality coordination. Collectively, reduced application policies in China, accompanied by the development of agricultural technology, have led to a progressive decline in carbon emissions from sugarcane planting while simultaneously improving green production efficiency. Besides, a state of mutual promotion and high-quality coordination was observed in green sugarcane production and local comprehensive social development. This study advances the theoretical framework of carbon emissions and offers empirical evidence for the ecological and economic significance of sugar industry.

The sugar industry is important for the economic development in China. Guangxi province is the largest sugar producer with over 60% of the total sugarcane cultivating area in the country. Research, development, and industrialization on the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of sugarcane as a raw material will increase in the coming years. This article provides an overview of the development of diversified sugarcane deep processing, focusing on the current research development with special reference to the production of sugarcane wine, vinegar, sugarcane cell water, white sugar, and fructooligosaccharides in China, especially in Guangxi. The aim is to promote the second entrepreneurship of the sugar industry, upgrade the industrial chain, and provide advanced technologies to upgrade the quality and efficiency of the industry and achieve sustainable and healthy socioeconomic development in the near future.

The inoculation of diazotrophs in sugarcane presents a challenge due to the plant’s vegetative propagation, which hampers the accurate assessment of the contribution of a new bacterial community in the presence of natural inhabitants. To surmount this obstacle, a modification of short heat treatment (HT—52 °C for 30 min) is normally employed to control ratoon stunt disease, with the addition of a chemical step testing chloride (HCl—1%) and acetic acid (Ac—2%) as biocides. Four experiments were conducted involving two sugarcane cultivars (IACSP95-5000 and RB867515) with and without inoculation of five diazotrophs: G. diazotrophicus, H. seropedicae, H. rubrisubalbicans, N. amazonense, and P. tropica. The HT treatments consisted of control, HT (52 °C for 30 min) alone; HT reduced to 10 min (10HT), biocides: hydrochloric acid (HCl—1%) and acetic acid (Ac—2% at 52 °C for 10 min, and 10HT + 10Ac at room temperature as an additional step—10 AcRT). Plant and bacterial growth (based on two methods—most probable number and qPCR) and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction activity—ARA) were measured. Ac was selected as a biocide as germination was not reduced. Inoculation improved germination and sugarcane biomass accumulation, especially with 10 HT + 10 AcRT. The reduction in HT time by 20 min and the addition of Ac (additional step) effectively controlled the natural diazotrophic community, establishing the five diazotrophs, promoting growth, and increasing ARA activity by 82% compared to the traditional HT.

A field experiment was conducted with eight treatments of weed management involving integrated and sole applications of 2,4-D, metribuzin, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl along with weed-free and weedy check practices. The experimental treatments were replicated three times in a randomized block design. Applying integrated product of 2,4-D, metribuzin, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl effectively managed the grassy (Cynodon dactylon, Eleusine indica, Echinochloa crusgalli, and Digitaria spp.) and broad-leaved weeds (Trianthema monogyna, Chenopodium album, Anagallis arvensis, Melilotus alba, Parthenium hysterophorus, and Bidens frondosa). The higher weed density (124.7 per m²) in weedy check plots was recorded during the first cropping season than 2nd cropping season (118.22/m²). Total weed dry weight was also significantly reduced at the lowest level (43.39 g/m² during 2019–2020 and 75.70 g/m² during 2020–2021) with the application of integrated product of 2,4-D, metribuzin, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl @ 3200 g ai/ha. However, the weed control efficiency (77.57% and 55.59% during 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, respectively) recorded with application of similar herbicide @ 2400 g ai/ha was found at par with its application @3200 g ai/ha. The highest soil organic carbon content (19.90 Mg/ha) was recorded after sugarcane harvest in weedy check plots. The weed management through application of integrated product of 2,4-D, metribuzin, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl @ 2400 g ai/ha could improve the sugarcane yield by 36.76% (101 tonnes/ha) over the weedy check plots. Increasing dose of the product @3200 g ai/ha could not increase the sugarcane and sugar yields up to significant level. Among all other herbicides treatments (single application) or integrated manner, application of 2,4-D, metribuzin, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl @2400 g ai/ha also increased sugar yield by 45.12% (11.085 tonnes/ha) over the weedy check plots. The phytotoxicity of the new herbicide product of 2,4-D, metribuzin, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl could not be recorded in subsequent wheat crops tested up to 4800 g ai/ha.

Sugar beet production, serving as a key global source of sugar, significantly contributes to the world economy and promotes local economic growth, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices aligned with environmental goals. In this context, it is essential to investigate how production systems may influence the flow of resources and consequently the environmental consequences of sugar beet cultivation in different geographical areas. The present research examined the ecological consequences of sugar beet cultivation in two distinct systems, involving both agro-industries (AIs) and smallholder farmers (SHs), focusing on the Moghan and Joveyn regions, prominent sugar beet production areas in Iran. The study utilized the IMPACT World + life cycle assessment method to evaluate harmful impacts at midpoint and damage levels. Additionally, potential harms were identified within two area of protection (AoPs) categories: human health and ecosystem quality, and two area of concerns (AoCs) categories: carbon-related and water-related damages. The findings revealed that in terms of AoPs, AIs had 0.44% and 4.32% higher impacts on human health than SHs in the Moghan and Joveyn regions, respectively. Additionally, AIs showed 7.97% and 21.44% higher impacts on ecosystem quality compared to SHs in the same regions. Water-related impacts significantly contributed to over 90% of the total environmental impacts in both AoPs. On-farm emissions and nitrogen fertilizers emerged as the primary contributors to the negative effects of sugar beet production in all systems, emphasizing the crucial role of managing chemical fertilizers to mitigate environmental damages, particularly water-related impacts.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are pivotal components of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and play important roles in many biological processes. To explore the biological function and genes expression patterns of the MAPKKK gene family in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), a systematic analysis of BvMAPKKK was conducted. In the current study, a total of 40 BvMAPKKK genes are identified in the genome of sugar beet and can be categorized into three groups, ZIK, MEKK, and Raf with 9, 8, and 23 genes, respectively. The 37 BvMAPKKK genes were unevenly distributed on 9 chromosomes, while 3 BvMAPKKK genes were detected on unknown chromosomes. Members within the same group shared a similar gene structure and conserved motif. A lot of cis-acting regulatory elements related to plant growth and development and response to stresses were distributed in promoter regions of BvMAPKKKs. Moreover, these BvMAPKKKs displayed differential expression patterns in sugar beet tissues under salinity condition. The expression levels of the BvRaf30 and BvZIK8-1 in roots and BvRaf17 and BvZIK4 in shoots were markedly induced under salt conditions, which may be an indicator of potential roles in the response to salinity. The present work is the first systematic analysis of the BvMAPKKK gene family in sugar beet. These results could provide a solid foundation for further exploring functions of the MAPKKK genes in plant of responses to salt stress.

The most prevalent light source for different plant species being cultivated under ex situ conditions is fluorescent lighting. Nevertheless, other light sources, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in different colors, have shown to be more effective for such controlled conditions. In the present research, we have assessed the impact of variable light qualities on stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) seed germination and plant growth inside regulated environmental conditions. For this intent, red (RD), white (WH), blue (BL), and the different combinations of RD and BL LEDs were arranged in the plant factory system (PFS). Interestingly, it was found that the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of leaves per plant (10.8 and 1.9 g) and FW and DW of roots per plant (2.7 and 0.4 g) measured to be maximum under RD:BL (1:1) exposure. The plants grown in PFS illuminated with RD:BL (8:2) LEDs showed maximum photosynthesis rate (8 μmol CO₂/m²/s), chlorophyll a content (1.1 µg/ml), and stomata length and width in comparison to other LED exposures. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate recorded maximum at 200 μmol/mol of CO₂ concentration in plants raised under RD:BL (1:1) with 275 and 2.3 mmol H₂O/m²/s, respectively. RuBisCO activity was recorded to be maximum under WH LED (0.17 µg/g). It was observed that a combination of RD and BL LEDs is more suitable for improved biomass, photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll contents, and stomatal conductance in the PFS than that of other individual light sources. The application of such biomass enhancement approach described in the present work might be advantageous for ameliorated steviol glycosides accumulation in stevia.

The sugarcane genotype YZ 07-86 is a distinct natural mutant with dual-axillary buds. Exploitation of this valuable trait in sugarcane breeding requires an understanding of the physiological mechanism of dual-axillary bud formation. This experiment determined the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GA₃ and GA₄), and three cytokinins (CKs), namely isopentenyl adenosine (iPA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), in the shoot apical meristem tissues of YZ 07-86 and its sister line YZ 07-87, which served as the control genotype. The field experiment followed a completely randomized design with three replications for each genotype. Sampling was done at 5-day intervals, starting 106 days after planting. The ELISA technique was used to measure the contents of endogenous hormones. The study revealed that the mean contents of IAA, GA₃, GA₄, DHZR, and iPA were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the genotypes. Conversely, in YZ 07-86, the mean ZR content was significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the mean ABA content was significantly lower than in the control genotype. Moreover, the mean content ratios of ZR/IAA, ZR/ABA, ZR/GA₃, and ZR/GA₄ were also significantly higher in YZ 07-86. The study concludes that elevated ZR content and an increased ZR/ABA ratio directly contributes to dual-axillary bud formation in YZ 07-86, offering valuable insights for the advancement of sugarcane genotypes.