Sugar Tech最新文献

Assessment on energy consumption pattern and energy analysis is carried out to identify and implement energy conservation measures in agriculture to reduce the cost of cultivation. Embodied energy of agricultural inputs and outputs is studied using energy coefficients. Considering the modernization in all the processes and systems, the necessity on revaluation of energy coefficients is understood for on-target and precise energy analysis in agriculture. Hence, the energy coefficients followed for the past few decades were appraised through appropriate calculations considering the amelioration of production and related processes. The rederived energy coefficients were evaluated through energy analysis in sugarcane cultivation. A preliminary and detailed energy audit on energy consumption in sugarcane cultivation was carried out in Orathur village, Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Various operational energy consumptions (land development, land preparation, planting, fertilizer application, irrigation, weeding, earthing-up, detrashing, harvesting, and transportation) and source-wise energy consumption (human power, fertilizer, mechanical energy, electrical energy, and fuel) were calculated by existing and rederived energy coefficients. From the energy audit, it is observed that irrigation was the most energy-consuming agricultural operation with 55 to 67% of total operational energy input. The other major energy sources in sugarcane cultivation were found to be seed (80—81%) and fertilizer (16%). These results show the effectiveness and relevance of rederived energy coefficients for assessing and optimizing energy inputs and output in sugarcane cultivation. Energy analysis in agricultural system helps to move agriculture closer toward sustainability by optimizing the energy usage and increased energy efficiency.

To address the cane tops waste and collection machinery shortage, a disk-blade silage device was developed and integrated into a sugarcane harvester. This device enables simultaneous cutting, crushing, and ejection of cane tops. Guided by a theoretical model, key components were designed, and discrete element method simulation determined the optimal crushing speed as 1400 r/min and 12 blades as the best blade count. Compared with previous studies, this device features innovative structural design and working principle, which significantly improves the efficiency of cane tops processing. Field tests and simulations verified its effectiveness, achieving over 90% collection rate, 97% crushing efficiency, and an average throwing distance of 5.5 m, fulfilling the experimental parameters and design goals for silage processing.

Sugar beet is an important sugar producing cash crop in the world with high economic value, but the crop faces a great economic loss every year due to damping-off. The concept of interactions produced between plant endophytic bacteria and host plants as an important biological control are gaining importance. In the present study, a strain of sugar beet standoff antagonist was obtained through plate standoff isolation and purification. Morphological observation, comparison of physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis were conducted for the classification and identification of the bacterial strain. The strain sb-13 was identified as Bacillus altitudinis. Through potting experiments, the growth of sugar beet inoculated with and without sb-13 was compared to analyze the effect of the endophytic bacteria on the growth of sugar beet, and it was found that the bacterium has the properties of promoting plant growth such as solubilizing phosphorus and dissolving potassium and enhancing the ability of soil enzyme activity. The experimental results showed that the growth of sugar beet inoculated with sb-13 was significantly better than that of the control group, and its physiological and biochemical indicators were significantly improved. In the anti-blight experiment, it was found that the bacterium antagonist had the ability to possess cellulose degradation and pectinase, and the incidence rate of sugar beet damping-off inoculated with sb-13 was significantly lower than that of the control group. This study provides a new idea for the biological control of sugar beet damping-off.

Historically, the production of white sugar from sugarcane has been marred by challenges like unsanitary conditions, excessive chemical use, suboptimal quality and yield, and high energy demands. These issues starkly contrast with modern sustainability principles, economy, and environmental consciousness. Green sugar clarification and decolorization techniques, especially adsorption-based method, have demonstrated superior efficiency in removing impurities and pigments while reducing chemical and energy requirements and simplifying operational procedures, making it a remarkably effective method. This review compares the advantages of adsorption process over conventional sugar production techniques with respect to color-forming impurities in sugarcane juice, and highlights recent applications of adsorption in the decolorization of sugarcane juice. In addition, this review explores the theoretical basis on adsorption and mass transfer with the objective of providing a comprehensive theoretical framework and detailed parameters for future color removal in sugarcane juice processing.

Drought is the foremost factor that severely affects growth, yield, and its yield components, and has a great impact on sugarcane productivity globally. Identification of drought-tolerant sugarcane cultivars is very important to mitigate climate-related risks to sustain productivity. Hence, it is critical to assess the pre-bred material with wide genetic diversity for drought tolerance for exploitation in breeding. Seventy-five hybrids with improved germplasm base of Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum robustum were evaluated at ICAR-SBI, Coimbatore, under drought and normal conditions for yield and physiological traits, for their response under drought. The membership function value of drought tolerance (MFVD) of 19 traits was used as a comprehensive index for evaluation and selection of sugarcane drought-tolerant types. Mean value of all the traits except infrared and canopy temperature depression decreased under drought condition. Cane yield, single cane weight, cane height, soil plant analysis development, total chlorophyll, crop canopy, leaf area, total dry matter, and cane volume depicted > 25% decrease under drought. Leaf width had the highest broad sense heritability (0.69), followed by cane diameter (0.61). MFVD is strongly positively correlated with cane yield and its traits, infrared, leaf length, leaf width, total dry matter, and cane volume. Three genotypes, namely 07-776, 06-021, 20-1132, were highly drought tolerant, and 14-27, 01-807, 07-520, 13-455, 14-54, 04-409, 06-013, 13-644, 07-132 were drought tolerant using MFVD. Regression analysis on nine sensitive traits accounted for 93.1% of the total variation and may serve as indicators for screening sugarcane genotypes for drought tolerance. This new pre-breeding gene pool with high genetic diversity can be utilized in breeding climate resilient types of sugarcane.

Potassium (K) nutritional requirements for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is relatively high. However, genotypes differ in their K uptake efficiency (KUpE) and use efficiency (KUtE), which shapes differences in plant growth. The study aimed to gain insight into the physiological responses of two sugarcane genotypes (SP90-3414 and SP83-2847) growth under two K concentrations in the nutrient solution (low K = 1.0 mmol L⁻¹ and adequate K = 6.0 mmol L⁻¹). Total leaf area, root growth and photosynthesis-related parameters were not changed in SP83-2847, regardless K supply, while for SP90-3414 under low K supply, these parameters were dramatically decreased. Under either low or adequate K supply, SP83-2847 genotype has higher KUpE and KUtE (K use efficient genotype) relative to SP90-3414, showing similar shoot dry matter yield and shoot K accumulation. Moreover, SP83-2847 plants grown under low K supply showed the highest accumulation of total soluble sugar and sucrose in leaves. The enhanced K accumulation in the shoot (leaves and stem) and sugar content (soluble sugar and sucrose) in the leaves of SP83-2847 cultivar is a physiological strategy to ease K-induced deficiency stress.

Sugar beet is a kind of sugar crop, and sugar, as one of the strategic reserve materials, is of great significance to national development. China is not the origin of sugar beet, sugar beet monogerm germplasm resources are even less. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 89 genotypes of sugar beet monogerm maintainer line plants using 21 pairs of SSR primers and 34 pairs of InDel primers; a total of 251 pairs of alleles were obtained, with an average of 5.095 alleles per SSR locus and 4.1176 alleles per InDel locus. Based on 21 pairs of SSR markers determination, the gene flow (Nm) among individuals ranged from 0.0711 to 0.5419, with a mean value of 0.1858; based on 34 pairs of InDel markers determination, the gene flow (Nm) among individuals ranged from 0.0059 to 0.6953, with a mean value of 0.1406. Population structure analysis, cluster analysis, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the 89 sugar beet monogerm germplasm could be classified as two taxa PopI and PopII, which in turn could be divided into two subgroups (A and B). The genetic distances of the 89 sugar beet germplasm ranged from 0.1023 to 0.3930, with the genetic distance between germplasm No. 65 in subgroup A and No. 77 in subgroup B the furthest. Distance was the furthest, and these two germplasm were most suitable for breeding as parents. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA, P < 0.001) indicated that the major genetic variation occurred within individuals (98%), while the degree of genetic differentiation between populations (2%) was relatively low. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting and breeding new varieties with high-quality of monogerm in sugar beet and increasing the number of monogerm maintainer lines in sugar beet.

The increasing global demand for Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, as a natural non-calorie sweetener has driven concentrated breeding efforts towards its genetic improvement for large-scale commercialization. Steviol glycosides responsible for sweetness in stevia leaves include stevioside, rebaudiosides and dulcoside. Inadequate genetic resources, characterization and the lack of high yielding, superior varieties pose major challenge in stevia production. Developing stevia varieties for high dry leaf yield, high steviol glycosides content particularly rebaudioside-A, optimum leaf-to-stem ratio, enhanced growth and photosynthetic activity, combating biotic and abiotic stresses is being targeted in genetic improvement programmes. Stevia exhibits considerable genetic diversity and in order to elucidate the genetics of steviol glycosides; the pattern of diversity has been assessed for achieving desired improvement. Recent advancements in biotechnological tools such as marker-assisted selection, genomics-assisted breeding, transcriptomics, metabolomics and genetic engineering have further accelerated the breeding progress. Marker-assisted and genomics-assisted breeding facilitate targeted improvements by identifying key genes linked to steviol glycosides biosynthesis. Genome sequencing of stevia revealed a 1416 Mb genome with over 80 per cent repetitive elements and transcriptomic analyses have identified critical glycosyltransferase genes involved in glycosylation, a critical process in steviol glycosides biosynthesis. Functional genomics and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques have demonstrated the potential of metabolic engineering for enhancing steviol glycosides yield. This review highlights the progress made in stevia genetic improvement, emphasizing the integration of conventional breeding with advanced genomic tools to develop superior varieties and meet the rising demand for this natural sweetener.

The present study was an attempt to optimize the regeneration protocols of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.). Leaf and nodal explants were inoculated in MS medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators in different combinations and concentrations in order to attain direct and indirect regeneration. Among the treatments used, 2 mg/L of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) + 1 mg/L of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) displayed better results in stevia for callus induction when leaf and nodal explants were used, but in the case of nodal explants, it took more days for callus initiation compared to leaf segment. Among the treatments, 2.0 mg/L of IAA + 1.0 mg/L of BAP were found to be better for callus induction and subsequent plantlets regeneration (66.15%) from leaf explant of stevia. MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg/L of kinetin produced a high regeneration response (46.92%), the highest number of plantlets (40.67%) per explant, and the maximum number of roots (5.00) per plantlet in case of direct in vitro regeneration. While the MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/L of BAP + 2.0 mg/L of IAA was found to be the best indirect in vitro regeneration of stevia plantlets from nodal explants concerning the highest regeneration response (68.10%), number of plantlets per explant and shoot length. MS medium added with 1.0 mg/L of BAP + 2.0 mg/L of IAA was reported to have the highest root regeneration ability (67.41%) and considerable length of roots for rooting of in vitro derived plantlets of stevia. The Soilrite was the best for acclimatizing in vitro regenerated plantlets of stevia. This is the first successful report on micropropagation in Stevia rebaudiana from sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal, India. A combination of IAA and BAP proved better for direct and indirect organogenesis. The Soilrite media was the best for acclimatization of in vitro regenerated plantlets with the highest (68.57%) survival rate in field conditions. Results of the present study will be useful for mass multiplication of Stevia rebaudiana using direct and indirect in vitro approaches. Moreover, direct in vitro shoot formation from leaves of Stevia rarely reported may open up possibilities of more successful large-scale cultivation of Stevia in the region and elsewhere.

In this study, the electrically driven sugarcane seeding system configures the desired plant spacing via the touchscreen human–computer interaction. The operating speed of the implement is acquired through the GNSS-RTK receiver in real-time during operation. In contrast, the instantaneous rotational speed of the motor is measured using a rotary encoder. Subsequently, the rotational speed of the sowing motor is regulated using a control system based on linear active disturbance rejection control. The parameters of this control system are optimized through the simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm. A mechanism for monitoring misplaced sugarcane seeding is designed to detect seed misplacement instances and store the misplacement locations’ coordinates. The results of simulated seeding experiments indicate that, under various seeding operation speeds and plant spacing settings, the seeding motor’s theoretical and actual rotational speed discrepancy falls within the range of 4.03–6.61%. The average coefficient of variation for qualified plant spacing is 12.62%. The average error for seeding plant spacing is 8.44%. Compared to a similar type of ground wheel-driven sugarcane planting mechanism, the sugarcane planting system with electric drive exhibits an increase of 1.44% in the accuracy of planting spacing and a reduction of 6.72% in the average coefficient of variation for qualified plant spacing. The average positioning error for missing cane seeding is 84.11 mm, which can meet the sugarcane seedling shortage replanting operation requirements. The electric-driven sugarcane seeding system designed in this study overcomes the inflexibility of ground wheel-driven systems, effectively improving planting accuracy and flexibility. Additionally, it enables precise positioning of missed seeding spots, supporting efficient replanting operations. This study has reference significance for sugarcane precision planting technology.