Sugar Tech最新文献

Soil salinization profoundly impacts the growth and development of sugar beet. As a urea cytokinin, allantoin effectively mitigates the adverse effects of salinity stress on plants. However, there has been limited research on the optimal application period of allantoin in practical production settings. This study aimed to ascertain the optimal timing for allantoin application in sugar beet cultivation under saline and alkaline conditions in Heilongjiang Province, China. The experiment involved spraying allantoin at a mass concentration of 0.1 mmol/L onto the foliage at the seedling stage (M), the rapid leaf cluster growth stage (Y), and the tuber expansion stage (K), as well as at the combined stages of MY and MYK, with clear water used as the control (CK). The results indicated that the combined MY and MYK treatments resulted in significantly higher aboveground and belowground dry matter accumulation compared to other treatments. Specifically, nitrogen content in the aboveground and belowground parts reached peak values of 15.77 g/plant and 7.045 g/plant under MY and MYK treatments, respectively. Furthermore, nitrogen metabolizing enzyme activities exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease during beet growth and development, with enzyme activities in the MY treatments consistently remaining at elevated levels. Additionally, hormone levels in sugar beets were enhanced by allantoin application. Hormone levels were enhanced, with abscisic acid content significantly higher under MY and MYK treatments compared to other treatments, while gibberellin and cytokinin levels were notably higher compared to CK treatments. In comparison with CK, MY treatments exhibited an increase in yield by 0.26 percentage points, with sugar yield rising by 21.3%. However, there were no significant differences between MY and MYK treatments in each index. Therefore, spraying allantoin solely during the seedling and leaf cluster growth period can enhance sugar beet yield by augmenting nitrogen metabolism capacity and hormone levels, whereas application during the tuber expansion period can notably enhance sugar beet processing quality.

D-psicose is one of the rare sugars that are gaining more attention. Currently, it is accepted for use in health food products and is also a safe sugar generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Now, it is used in many industries, resulting in an increased market demand; however, there has been only limited technological advancement regarding its production process. Consequently, this research investigated two processes for D-psicose production and optimizing the conditions to achieve highly efficient D-psicose conversion. Two processes were: (1) a physicochemical process using high temperature at different pH values, based on autoclaving, and (2) an enzymatic method using crude and purified recombinant D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase). Different fructose concentrations were studied as substrate for the D-psicose conversion in both methods. The results showed that crude DPEase conversion clearly produced the highest yield and D-psicose conversion under the best optimum conditions (50% w/v fructose solution with a reaction time of 180 min) of 14.88% w/v and 28.60%, respectively. DPEase converted fructose specifically to only D-psicose and no other sugars were detected as by-products, while the physicochemical method produced negative changes in both physical and chemical properties, such as a pH reduction and an unacceptable caramelization appearance in the sugar solution, as well many sugars being detected after autoclaving. All the results should be useful as guidelines for further research and development on sugar-based substrates and for improving the efficiency of the DPEase enzyme, including downstream technology to achieve highly efficient D-psicose production at the pilot and industrial scales.

The weeds of the species Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton (camalote grass) are highly aggressive in bush competition for sugarcane crops, and these species are increasing their infestations in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, generating impacts on the development of sugarcane plantations and reducing productivity and longevity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide imazapic in pre-emergence control of the species R. cochinchinensis when applied under conditions with and without sugarcane straw and in different simulations of rainfall. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design. A 2 × 2 × 2 triple factorial design was used, consisting of 2 doses of the herbicide imazapic (105 and 147 g ai ha⁻¹), 2 amounts of straw (0 and 10 t ha⁻¹) and 2 rainfall simulations (10 and 30 mm). With 4 replicates and 4 controls, this factorial being isolated for two soil types (clayey and sandy) and in two germination flows (F1 and F2). The rainfall factor always resulted in higher control performances with the smallest simulated volume of 10 mm, and the amount of straw factor influenced the effectiveness of the control, both in sandy and clayey soils. The highest dose (147 g ai ha⁻¹) showed better control efficacy in clayey soils. The herbicide imazapic showed excellent control until the end of the second flush, with an average dry mass reduction of 92% for R. cochinchinensis.

The present research work reports the impact of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on sugarcane morphological characteristics, the production of secondary metabolite (SMs), and the antimicrobial activity of sugarcane callus culture in vitro. Explants (young leaf sheaths and leaf rolls) of usually smaller diameter were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium following our previous protocol for sugarcane callogenesis. The induced calli were subjected to varying concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mg/l) of MWCNTs for multiplication. The highest multiplication was recorded on media containing 5.0 mg/l of CNTs with fresh weight 2.8567 g. Different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/l) of MWCNTs were applied to regenerate the calli cultures. The highest number of shoots and roots were developed on 15.0 mg/l, while the highest shoot and root length (in centimeter) were observed on the highest used concentration, i.e. 20.0 mg/l CNTs. Similarly, the sub-cultured calli were subjected to phytochemical analysis and the effect of MWCNTs on amount of biochemical contents like total phenolic contents, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids was determined. The highest contents were found in the culture containing the highest concentration of CNTs, in all cases. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of the MWCNTs induced in vitro sugarcane were also evaluated by the 1,1 diphenyl 2, picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) methods, which was found highest, i.e. 95.556% with EC50 value of 34.49 µg/ml for crude extract of callus grown on MS-media containing 5.0 mg/l MWCNTs. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against two bacterial pathogens, Clavibactor michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (CMM) and Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) with inhibition zone of 14 mm in case of CMM, while 17 mm was measured against RS Spp. Our results reveal that using MWCNTs in specific concentrations could act as a plant growth promotor and novel elicitor for the in vitro biosynthesis of useful SMs with antimicrobial activity against broad spectrum microbial pathogens.

Artificial pollination is one of the major constraints in date palm cultivation, while the unavailability or timely availability of pollen during the flowering period elevates the problem. One of the common practices is the use of stored pollen, but while stored at room temperature, pollen viability rapidly deteriorates after two to three months. In the present experiment, pollens were stored at ambient temperature and in a freezer at − 4 °C and a refrigerator at 5 °C using different storage containers for a year. The stored pollens were tested every month for 12 months for their pollen viability using acetocarmine as a staining agent. These stored pollens were then used for pollination, and on-farm fruit retention percentages were calculated. The best result for pollination was observed with the fresh pollen, while pollen stored at − 4 °C in a glass bottle gave the second-best results and can be used as an alternative in cases of pollen scarcity.

With an increasing demand for coconut neera and its value-added products, attributed to its low glycemic index and its potential as a diabetes-friendly alternative to cane sugar, there is a need for standardized large-scale production methods. However, the diverse regional and traditional practices in neera sugar preparation pose challenges in establishing regulatory and quality standards. To address this, a pilot-scale neera processing unit was established. This study focuses on determining the optimal coconut neera syrup concentration (70, 74, and 78° Brix) for maximizing neera sugar crystal yield, investigating subsequent physiochemical, nutritional, and thermal property changes to enhance the understanding of neera sugar production. The study found a positive relationship between sugar syrup concentration and crystal yield, with 70, 74, and 78° Brix neera syrups producing 14.62 ± 0.57, 22.89 ± 0.25, and 26.48 ± 0.88 g of sugar crystals, respectively, after 25 days. Correspondingly, sucrose content at 70, 74, and 78° Brix increased to 4995.785, 5144.819, and 6164.89 mg/L, respectively. XRD analysis indicated higher crystallinity in crystals from 78° (98.25%) and 74° (97.34%) Brix syrup compared to 70° Brix syrup (83.09%). Crystals from 70° Brix neera syrup had the lowest melting point at 167.31 °C, while purer crystals from 74° Brix and 78° Brix neera syrups reached maximum melting points of 179.33 and 182.90 °C, respectively. Additionally, crystals from 70° Brix syrup exhibited a higher mineral content (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn). These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing neera sugar production for increased yield and desirable product characteristics.

This study aimed to explore the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere soil with different generations of the hybridized progeny of wild Erianthus arundinaceus and sugarcane. Rhizosphere soils were collected from E. arundinaceus (P), and the F1, F3, and F5 progeny of its hybrid with sugarcane, and community of AMF in the rhizosphere soil was analyzed using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that a total of 159 AMF fungal OTUs were obtained from the sequencing analysis, belonging to 1 phylum, 4 classes, 6 orders, 11 families, 14 genera, and 42 species. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Chao1 and ACE indices decreased with increasing of the generations, that is, the highest species abundance was in parent P, and significant differences were observed between P and F1, F3, and F5 (P < 0.05). The Shannon index in P was the highest, with significant differences between P and F3, and F5. The dominant genus in P was Acaulospora, while that in F1 was Glomus, that in F3 was Claroideoglomus, and that in F5 was Glomus. Diversispora and Dentiscutata were the dominant genera unique to P. Glomus, Claroideoglomus, Acaulospora, Rhizophagus, and Gigaspora were present in the rhizosphere soil of different generations. PCoA analysis showed significant differences in the distribution of AMF communities in the rhizosphere soils of different generations. Significant differences were observed between the inter-group comparisons of the AMF community at the genus level, with significant differences in the relative abundance of Glomus and Acaulospora in different generations on the levels P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. These findings indicate that the community of AMF in the rhizosphere soils with different generations of the hybridized progeny of E. arundinaceus with sugarcane is different, but some AMF groups do not change with addition of the generations. Further research is needed to determine whether these characteristics are related to the agronomic traits of the crops.

Incauca sugar mill and the Colombian Sugar Cane Research Center (Cenicaña) determined the effect of imbibition temperature in milling extraction, analyzing Brix, sucrose, colorants, and microbial metabolites associated with the production of acids in the Farrell tandem mill. The experiments consisted of laboratory-scale tests and factory trials. In the laboratory tests, six bagasse samples from the fifth mill were macerated with 40–90 °C condensates, heated with an electrical resistance, and automatically regulated with a controller. Using a hydraulic press, juice from the bagasse samples was extracted at a controlled pressure for a fixed time, then organics acids and sucrose contents (using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)) and colorants content were analyzed. Additionally, bagasse composition was determined before maceration to obtain an extraction analysis. Given the obtained laboratory results, a direct and indirect heating system was implemented for the imbibition condensates and maceration juice tanks, respectively. Samples were analyzed with and without use of the heating system, with different juice flux being used across the mill (first and final extraction and diluted). Extraction performance results in terms of Brix and sucrose were greater as the imbibition temperature increased, with maximum values between 60 and 70 °C. Additionally, the generation of microbial metabolites (lactic acid and volatile acidity) decreased after imbibition at the laboratory and industrial scales.

Jaggery derived from sugarcane, palm, and coconut was fortified with varying concentrations of Triphala extract. ‘Triphala’ is one of the popular and well-known Indian medicinal botanicals. The concentration-dependent effect of fortification of Triphala on nutritional value, buffering capacity, physicochemical characterization, marker-based standardization antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibition capacity, and sensory preference was evaluated. To get the optimum benefits of Triphala-fortified jaggery (TFJ), standardization and quality were achieved by different analytical techniques and chemometric approaches. Scanning electron microscopic characterizes the heterogeneous microstructure of TFJ sample varied particle formation, sizes, texture, and distribution. Highest organic content was found in Palm jaggery. The calcium and magnesium content of respective jaggery was enriched with Triphala fortification while decreasing the total carbohydrate (12–15%). TFJ was characterized by spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, and chromatographic methods. Chemometric analyses classified TFJ fortification into two categories by addressing about 75% variability and discriminating 10% TFJ from the rest of the samples. The taste and overall impression scores of sensory evaluations showed the preferential choice for 7.5% fortification of Triphala. The antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase results confirmed that Triphala fortification enhanced its antioxidant and neuroprotective effects by fortifying phenolics and hydrolyzable tannins, indicating its potential effectiveness against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Sugarcane cultivation involves several operations with vehicle traffic. Tires for cargo vehicles are responsible for soil compaction, which is the main impact caused by machines in agriculture. Thus, the present research aimed to evaluate load wheelsets interaction on deformable and rigid running surfaces. We use three tire models used on transshipment vehicles to sugarcane crops, one road and two agricultures, described as p1, double road radial wheelset; p2, agricultural radial tire; and p3, bias ply tire. We adopted a completely randomized design with three replications, for the total contact area and punctual area claws. In the deformable surface, the resistance to soil penetration was verified. Road tires had the largest punctual contact area to the total area, the total area/punctual area ratio was 66.9% in double road radial tire (p1), 34.8% in agricultural radial tire (p2) and 54.8% in bias ply tire (p3). Road tires may be applicable in situations where traffic is controlled in the field; however, for areas where traffic control measures are not applied, the radial tire has better performance. In a deformable surface, the contact areas increase in relation to the rigid surface, this occurs due to the soil particles rearrangement, and this causes the compaction process. Higher soil penetration resistance was obtained by bias ply and road tires (p1 and p3), and their application must be careful in sugarcane crops, mainly under conditions of high soil moisture.