Sugar Tech最新文献

Identification of stable genotypes for high yield and quality is of paramount importance, particularly under changing climatic scenarios. The objective of the study was to identify stable, high-yielding and high-quality sugarcane varieties to meet the food and energy demands of India and to sustain the productivity. The study focused on the effects of genotype-by-environment (G × E) interaction on yield and quality parameters, and multivariate analyses, specifically AMMI and GGE biplot, were employed. Seventeen elite sugarcane genotypes along with standard Co 86032 were evaluated in RCBD with three replications at two environments of Tamil Nadu (Nellikuppam: coastal region, and Alapuram: drought-prone area) during 2019–2021 seasons as two plant and one ratoon crops. AMMI analysis of variance revealed that environmental factors and G × E interactions significantly influenced all the four traits under study, viz., sugar yield, cane yield, CCS per cent and sucrose per cent. AMMI analysis identified four entries, viz., Co 12009, Co 14002, Co 14005 and Co 18009 superior to sugar and cane yield, and among these Co 14002 was stable across environments and Co 12009 was moderately stable. Co 17003 was identified as superior and stable entry for quality parameters. GGE biplot analysis further supported these findings, with the first two principal components explaining significant proportions of total G + GE variation for each trait. Co 12009 and Co 14005 were highlighted as winning genotypes for CCS yield, with Co12009 showing moderate stability. Co 12009, Co 14002 and Co 14027 were identified as superior and stable high yielding varieties and Co 17003 as high-quality genotype across the locations. GGE biplot provided insights into the relationships among the test environments. Based on the comprehensive analysis sugarcane cultivars, Co 12009, Co 14002 and Co 14005 were identified for commercial cultivation considering their stability and superior performance across the various environments.

While, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important crop for bioenergy production, due to its high potential of biomass accumulation, plant stand establishment remains a limiting step for long-term successful field cultivation. In this sense, the adoption of alternative planting methods to the conventional one, based on billets, such as the use of presprouted seedlings (PSS), has been considered a promising approach. Nevertheless, remains unclear how billets and PSS of distinct origins, i.e. obtained either from individualized buds or in vitro culture, affect sugarcane yield potential under field conditions. Therefore, we aimed to improve our understanding on this issue by evaluating the effects these propagation materials on crop nutrient absorption at critical phenological phases. A field experiment was conducted during the plant-cane cycle aiming to assess the accumulation of aboveground biomass and nutrients at tillering (128 days after planting, DAP), grand growth (282 DAP) and ripening (381 DAP). Our results revealed that the absorption of macro (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur) and micronutrients (boron, copper, manganese and zinc) across the whole growing season did not depend on propagation materials. This phenomenon occurred because both aboveground dry mass production and shoot nutrient concentration did not vary as a function of treatments. Accordingly, propagation materials of contrasting features, in terms of stored reserves and stage of root and canopy development, do not pose any effect on growth and nutrient acquisition capacities of sugarcane plants. There seems to be, hence, no clear reason to propose significant adjustments in fertilizer guidelines during field establishment with the adoption of PSS of distinct origins.

Sugarcane is the leading crop of global agriculture. The soil preparation type affects subsequent crop stages, such as mechanized planting and machine traffic, increasing energy demand. This research focused on evaluating different soil preparation methods on the machine’s energy performance in sugarcane farming, explicitly indicating the effect of traditional and conservation tillage on sugarcane performance. An entirely randomized experimental design was applied, and four soil tillage systems were adopted: conventional tillage (CT and CTI), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT). We evaluated the machines' energy demand in each system and related fuel consumption and crop productivity. The data submitted to normality tests distribution and homogeneity of variance. The implements association increased hourly fuel consumption during soil preparation, as observed in CT and CTI compared to MT, where only one implement (subsoiler) was used. In NT, we found the lowest hourly and operational fuel consumption. The highest total productivity and sugar production (TRS) were obtained with minimal soil management (MT). The lowest yields were found in the NT management (without soil tillage). However, this treatment had no implantation and soil preparation cost, indicating savings in crop management.

The objectives of this study are to investigate the possibility of utilizing sugar beet for biogas production with a high methane content. For the last three hundred years, it has been an important source of sugar, particularly in Europe and other temperate regions of the world, but changes in modern agriculture, world trade and economics have led to a decline in the use of sugar beet as a raw material for sugar factories. As sugar is an important product and an important ingredient for many industries, sugar beet will continue to be grown in many countries for strategic reasons. Nevertheless, this plant has become an interesting source for many new byproducts and technologies. The sugar beet root not only has a sugar content of about 20%, but also contains an abundance of pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and other materials that are used for the production of textiles and biodegradable materials such as bioplastics. Due to global warming and the rise in average temperatures in many regions of the world, the energy sector will rely on biofuels such as bioethanol and biogas. Many countries are acquiring automotive technology based on the use of ethanol. Biogas with a high methane content can be produced through the use of sugar beet fermentation technology. This is also an acceptable alternative and a way to move to more environmentally friendly energy sources. Many regions of the world have problems with saline soils. Since sugar beets has a high tolerance to salt, they can be grown on these soils to improve fertility and other soil properties and create a more suitable environment for plant and human life. The sugar beet grown on these soils can be used as animal feed or as a raw material for various industries to produce paper, bioplastics or biogas and ethanol. Byproducts of the sugar industry such as molasses and beet pulp can be used for several purposes. Molasses is an environmentally friendly product derived from sugar manufacturing process from beat and are being utilized for several byproducts. Intercropping sugar beet with other crops has many advantages. Sugar beet products as feed for dairy cows has increased the quantity and quality of milk. Sugar beet has found its place in the circular economy and in many new technological byproducts. Many countries have launched programs to breed and develop new products of using sugar beet.

In sugarcane cultivation, operations from sowing to harvesting are critical and time-consuming. The lack of manual labor poses risks and increases drudgery, necessitating mechanization based on the engineering properties of 10–12 month old sugarcane stalks. Engineering properties of three sugarcane varieties (CoLk 14201, CoLk 09204 and CoPk 05191) from IISR Lucknow were evaluated. These properties are essential for designing effective machinery components. The average sugarcane stalk length and weight across three varieties were 2096 mm and 1.03 kg, with average diameter of 23.48 mm (bottom), 25.38 mm (middle) and 24.13 mm (top). Three-budded setts were longest and heaviest, followed by two-budded setts, with single-budded setts being the smallest and lightest. Setts length ranged from 55 to 354.5 mm, weight from 28.37 to 207.38 g and diameter from 15 to 29 mm. Optimal moisture content for setts was 70–75%, with values ranging from 67.57 to 83.33%. Bulk density varied between random and aligned storage, from 0.231 to 0.491 g/cm³ and 0.348 to 0.597 g/cm³, respectively. Coefficients of friction were highest with rubber and lowest with FRP. CoLk 09204 had the highest friction across all setts, while CoPk 05191 had the lowest, with vertical orientations showing higher friction. Penetration resistance increased from top to bottom internode segments, with CoLk 09204 showing the highest resistance (8.02–9.88 N/mm²). Cutting resistance was highest at the bottom stalk position, with CoLk 09204 having the greatest resistance (3.5 N/mm²). Crushing resistance was significantly higher in CoLk 09204 (1742–1787 N) and it also exhibited the highest bending resistance (1414.06 N/mm²), indicating a denser, more resistant stalk structure. These findings are essential for optimizing various sugarcane cultivation machinery components and processing methods.

The objective of our study was to estimate genetic parameters and predict the genotypic values for CCS yield traits among full-sib sugarcane families evaluated over three crop cycles. Four hundred and fifty hybrids from fifteen full-sib families representing twelve inter-varietal crosses and three crosses between intergeneric hybrids involving Erianthus and Saccharum species were evaluated in the first clonal trial in a randomized block design with two replications. REML/BLUP analysis revealed a high contribution of genetic variance (σ²_g) towards phenotypic variance (σ²_f) for most of the yield and quality traits explaining that genetic progress could be possible by direct selection. High heritability coefficients observed for cane diameter, H.R. brix%, juice brix%, juice sucrose%, CCS% and CCS yield, indicated the predominance of additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Higher repeatabilities estimated for most of the sugar yield parameters implied that families retained superiority across the crop cycles (plant and ratoon) which ensures greater selection accuracy with minimum number of harvests. BLUP analysis results indicated that four families, viz., Co 85,002 × Co 8209, Co 86,011 × CoT 8201, Co 86,002 × CoC 671 and Co 11,015 × Co 775, are elite parental combinations with high genotypic values for CCS yield. Therefore, our study emphasized the utility of REML/BLUP analysis in family selection enabling the identification of superior recombinants for CCS yield in early stages of sugarcane breeding programmes.

Soil pollution mitigation strategies encompass diverse methodologies such as biological decomposition emerging as a promising approach due to the effectiveness of microorganisms, particularly natural bacteria. This study delves into the isolation and characterization of herbicide-tolerant bacteria in sugarcane fields during 2023–2024, with an emphasize on Eradicane and Tebuthiuron herbicides. Total number of 26 bacterial strains grown on SSM culture medium containing 3% v/v of herbicide were identified. According to biochemical and molecular assays, 19 bacterial isolates were associated with Tebuthiuron, and seven with Eradicane. The genus Pseudomonas was frequently identified with the species of P. aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula and P. glycinae (Jia) for Tebuthiuron tolerance, and P. azotoformans Iizuka and Komagata and P. lactis for Eradicane tolerance. The highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Eradicane was observed for P. azotoformans (220 µL/mL), while the lowest MIC was found for P. lactis (215 µL/mL). Conversely, Tebuthiuron exhibited the highest MIC against P. glycinae (185 µL/mL) and the lowest MIC against P. aeruginosa (150 µL/mL). Analysis of bacterial population growth curves indicated the P. azotoformans efficacy against Eradicane and P. aeruginosa against Tebuthiuron. Glucose utilization showed uniform growth across the bacteria, while P. glycinae exhibited the highest growth containing ammonium nitrate. These findings underscore the potential of herbicide-tolerant bacteria to facilitate bioremediation strategies for soil pollution mitigation in sugarcane fields, offering valuable insights for the advancement of sustainable agricultural practices.

This study aimed to investigate the energy consumption and Global Warming Potential (GWP) of sugar beet production in Cherdavel (33.7018° N, 47.0194° E in Ilam province) and Islamabad (34.1132° N, 46.5279° E in Kermanshah province), Iran. Data were collected through detailed questionnaires and in-depth interviews with farmers. Environmental impacts were assessed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, which evaluates the environmental effects throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to disposal. The CML-IA baseline V3.08/EU25 method was used for this assessment, providing a standardized framework for impact categories such as global warming, abiotic depletion, and toxicity. The results indicated that energy consumption for sugar beet production in Cherdavel and Islamabad regions was 55,308.42 and 54,871.22 MJha⁻¹, respectively. The energy efficiency index was calculated as 17.01 and 14.69 for Cherdavel and Islamabad, respectively. The economic analysis showed that in Cherdavel and Islamabad, the profit-to-cost ratio was 2.05 and 1.89, and the economic productivity of production was 11.41 and 10.53 kg$⁻¹, respectively. The results of modeling with the Cobb–Douglas function, a common econometric model used to represent the relationship between inputs and outputs, showed that the coefficient of determination (R²) in Cherdavel and Islamabad regions was 0.93 and 0.96, respectively. This high R² value indicates a strong correlation between the input variables and the output (sugar beet yield), suggesting that the model accurately represents the production process. The results showed that Global Warming Potential (GWP) in Cherdavel and Islamabad was 54.05 and 44.47 (kg CO₂eq) per ton of sugar beet production, respectively. These values are relatively high compared to other crops, indicating significant greenhouse gas emissions associated with sugar beet production in these regions. Abiotic Depletion for Fossil fuels (ADF) was 435.69 and 363.19 MJ, Human Toxicity (HT) was 21.53 and 16.87 (1,4-DB eq kg), and Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity (MAE) was 23,543.82 and 18,306.06 (1,4-DB eq kg) in Cherdavel and Islamabad, respectively. These metrics highlight the substantial environmental impacts of sugar beet production with Cherdavel showing higher values in most categories. Despite these environmental concerns, both regions demonstrated favorable economic productivity and profit-to-cost ratios, suggesting that sugar beet production remains economically viable.

Remote sensing using hyperspectral spectroradiometers can be applied for an early estimate of agricultural yield and for the characterization and differentiation of cultivars, with few studies on sugarcane. In this study, 16 sugarcane cultivars were analyzed in two competition trials in the sugarcane plant phase, set up in two types of soils with different productive potentials (high and low) in two locations, Itirapina City and Iracemápolis City, both in São Paulo State, in Brazil. A hyperspectral sensor installed on a terrestrial bar was used for evaluations in two phases of vegetative development in the field. From the canopy reflectance data, differences were found between the reflectance spectral curves for both locations and among cultivars. The dendrograms of the vegetation indices could also discriminate the cultivars in the phase of maximum vegetative development and allow different groupings according to the production environments and the yield of each studied cultivar. Hyperspectral data have the potential to aid in the characterization of new sugarcane clones as a result from genetic improvement programs, and they can support studies on the use of remote sensors for the same purpose.