Sugar Tech最新文献

Sugar crop industries are increasingly implementing sustainable practices to supply natural sugar and other products that follow a circular approach spanning the entire sugar product life cycle which requires action from suppliers to consumers. These include sustainable cultivation practices, processes, products, and packaging to optimize economic gain while markedly reducing environmental and social losses. Sustainable practices by growers, processors, and refiners must be tailored to each sugar crop due to differences in composition which strongly impact harvesting and processing, although there are some similarities. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) are all rich sources of sucrose. As a general rule, sugar beet (tuberous root) contains (based on total soluble sugars) 98.9% sucrose, 0.12% fructose, and 0.12% glucose, sugarcane (grass stalk) contains 94% sucrose, 3% glucose, and 3% fructose, while sweet sorghum (grass stalk with seed head) contains 80% sucrose, 10% glucose, and 10% fructose. The considerably lower invert sugars and higher amounts of nitrogen-containing compounds in beet than cane allow them to be deliberately degraded at higher alkaline pH processes during beet-sugar manufacturing to prevent Maillard color reactions. The high relative contents of glucose, fructose, starch, and aconitic acid in sweet sorghum currently make the manufacture of white sugar from this sugar crop techno-economically unfeasible. This partially explains why sweet sorghum for syrup production remains a smaller, cottage-type industry, whereas the sugarcane and sugar beet industries are worldwide commodity industries. One of the most profound differences between beet and cane-sugar processes is that during white sugar manufacture the colorants are more easily removed during the beet process, which is also a major reason why industrial chromatography is used to recover more sugar from beet molasses but not sugarcane molasses. Sugarcane and particularly sweet sorghum are rich sources of phenolic antioxidant colorants which need to be further exploited. Other differences and similarities in the processing of the crops are discussed in this review paper as well as the integrated production of refined sugar from both cane and beets at the same plant.

This study is about the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) during shoot multiplication and rooting of transgenic Stevia rebaudiana grown in vitro. The experimental study was conducted using 3, 5 and 10 ppm of MWCNTs for shoot multiplication and rooting. During shoot multiplication, MWCNTs demonstrated improvements in biomass production, leaf length and leaf morphology at a concentration of 10 ppm of MWCNTs. MWCNTs also improved rooting, with 100% rooting frequency at 3 ppm concentration of MWCNTs. At a concentration of 3 ppm of MWCNTs, seedling length and fresh weight increased by 1.5- and 2.6-fold compared to the control, reaching 1.56 cm and 40.65 mg, respectively. Furthermore, at a concentration of 5 ppm of MWCNTs, rebaudioside A and stevioside contents increased by 0.7- and 1.8-fold in seedlings compared to the control, respectively (10.19 mg_{Reb A}/g_FW y 3.49 mg_Ste/g_FW). At 10 ppm MWCNTs, phenolic compounds increased 0.9-fold compared to the control (10.11 mg_Cat/gps). This study describes the first analysis of the use of MWCNTs in in vitro cultures of transgenic S. rebaudiana plantlets, demonstrating their effect on plant physiology and the accumulation of steviol glycosides and phenolic compounds.

The global demand for sugar and renewable fuels is rising, positioning sugarcane as a key crop due to its high productivity and economic viability. Applying multinutrient foliar fertilizers during the vegetative and maturation stages enhances sugarcane productivity by stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing stress, delaying leaf senescence, and promoting photosynthesis. Ripeners accelerate sugarcane maturation and increase sugar content in stalks, improving raw material quality. This study evaluated the effects of the combined application of multinutrient foliar fertilizers and ripeners on the development, yields, and sucrose synthesis of sugarcane harvested in winter (middle) and spring (late). A foliar multinutrient fertilizer containing N, K, Mg, S, B, Mn, Zn, and Mo was applied 150 days before harvest (DBH) in winter or 60 DBH in spring (vegetative stage), with an additional application at 30 DBH (maturation stage). Multinutrient fertilization at both stages increased plant height, stalk diameter, and stalk yields. Sucrose content and theoretical recoverable sugar (TRS) were highest in the treatments with ripener alone or ripener combined with multinutrient fertilizer. Compared with the control, two applications of multinutrient fertilizer combined with ripener (VMR treatment) increased sugar yield by 10.0% and 14.0% in middle and late harvest sugarcane, respectively. These treatments also boosted bagasse and energy production. The accumulation of reducing sugars and sucrose in leaves was highest under multinutrient foliar fertilization at both the vegetative and maturation stages. Thus, combining multinutrient foliar fertilization with ripener application enhances photosynthetic activity, leading to greater sugar and energy production and improved raw material quality.

The sugar industry substantially serves worldwide agriculture and economics and tends to flourish in areas where water resources are essential for both industrial activities and the environment. India is the country with the second-largest global sugar production in the year 2023–2024. Sugarcane requires a lot of water to grow, and the sugar industries utilize a huge water for sugar production. Also, the sugar factories generate a huge quantity of wastewater throughout the process. Therefore, this study is designed to monitor the groundwater quality in and around sugar factories and to produce detailed data for efficient groundwater utilization in sugar factories. This study also aims to understand the quality and groundwater variability both during and after the sugar-producing season. This is the first systematic research of its type to monitor the groundwater surrounding sugar industries in Northern India. For this study, three samples were collected from two factories, viz; Dalmia Bharat Sugar & Industries Ltd., located at Jawaharpur and Ramgarh, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. One sample was taken inside the premises of the sugar factories, while the other two were taken at the of 1 km and 3 km, every month from July 2023 to June 2024. The samples were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and a few metals like Mn and Zn, and heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, Cr, and Pb, Cd. As per the study, the groundwater samples analyzed reveal that the groundwater in and around are good enough as the average levels of the parameters are under permissible limits of the World Health Organization and the Bureau of Indian Standards.

Phosphorus deficiency limits sugarcane productivity in tropical and weathered soils, where traditional fertilization is inefficient due to phosphorus fixation by iron and aluminum oxides. Sustainable management is crucial for ratoon sugarcane, which dominates crops in tropical savannas. This study investigates the combined use of residual phosphorus fertilization and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, to increase nutrient availability, root development, and reduce dependence on chemical inputs. PGPB inoculation increased nutrient accumulation in straw and stalks, and consequently increased stalk productivity in second ratoon sugarcane. Co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens, increased phosphorus accumulation by up to 764% and 768% compared to controls in straw and stalks, respectively. The treatments also increased the accumulation of macronutrients in sugarcane. The highest productivity was associated with inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense with Pseudomonas fluorescens at a residual dose of 135 kg ha⁻¹, with an increase of 42% compared to the control. The inoculated plants consistently outperformed non-inoculated controls at all residual P doses. In addition, inoculation improved the uptake of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, iron, manganese, copper and zinc, varying with the bacterial combinations and P levels. Inoculation with PGPB significantly improved nutrient uptake and stalk productivity under conditions of low residual phosphorus. Co-inoculation with A. brasilense and P. fluorescens was most effective, particularly at a dose of 135 kg ha⁻¹ P₂O₅. Inoculated treatments outperformed controls even at lower P doses, highlighting the potential of combining microbial inoculants with residual fertilization to sustain sugarcane productivity while reducing fertilizer dependence in tropical savanna soils.

This study analyzed the fertility and genetic diversity of 75 polyembryonic sugar beet samples that had been improved with the introduction of foreign varieties, aiming to screen outstanding polyembryonic germplasm at the molecular level and provide support for subsequent breeding efforts. The main findings of the study are as follows: Among the 75 single-plant DNA samples, cytoplasmic fertility detection using the TR1 primer indicated that 62 accessions possessed the N-type (normal fertile cytoplasm), accounting for 82.67%. When cytoplasmic fertility-related genes were detected using the S17 primer, no amplification was observed in two samples, while 69 accessions showed amplified bands of 1800 bp, representing 92% of the total. Double digestion analysis revealed that the frequency of germplasm resources with non-restored Rf1 allelotypes was very low. In the polyembryonic pollinator line resources of sugar beet, the proportion of maintainer lines is extremely low. To assess genetic diversity, 12 CEAP (Cis-element amplified polymorphism) primers and 8 SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) primers were employed, generating a total of 81 polymorphic bands. The UPGMA cluster analysis results showed an average genetic distance of 0.287, and the 75 polyembryonic germplasm resources could be divided into six distinct groups. The results of this study provide a solid foundation for expanding the scope of germplasm resource screening and selecting sugar beet lines with excellent traits through subsequent field experiments.

Improper disposal of sugarcane bagasse, a common agricultural waste, is an environmental hazard. This problem can be resolved by converting bagasse into biochar, a versatile material for environmental remediation. In this study, we converted sugarcane bagasse to biochar at two different temperatures: 450 °C (SBC1) and 650 °C (SBC2), and assessed its effectiveness in treating water contaminated with methylene blue. The biochar produced (SBC1 and SBC2) was characterized, and its bulk density values were determined to be 0.263 and 0.303 g/cm³, respectively. The pH values were found to be 4.8 and 7.6, and the point of zero charge was 7.8 and 8.5, respectively. It was further characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The biochar produced at a higher temperature (SBC2) was denser, had a greater surface area and porosity, and was more alkaline than the biochar produced at a lower temperature (SBC1). It was also more aromatic, though the diversity of surface functional groups was lower. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the optimal pH and weight of biochar. The optimal dose for biochar to achieve maximum adsorption was 1.9 g. The optimum pH was 10 for SBC1 and 7 for SBC2. Under these conditions, the biochars produced were successful in removing 90% of the dye from water. The adsorption data fit best into the Langmuir–Freundlich adsorption isotherm for SBC1, while for SBC2, it fits best into the Redlich–Peterson isotherm model. Both follow a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, suggesting that the adsorption is predominantly physisorption, though the mechanism of adsorption may vary. Although higher pyrolysis temperature led to an increase in the surface area, it was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in adsorption capacity. The study concludes that both biochars produced were effective in the remediation of methylene blue-contaminated water.

Sugarcane cultivation holds strategic economic importance in Brazil, particularly for the sugar-energy sector. This study evaluates the Water Footprint (WF) of sugarcane production in hydrographic basins of Pernambuco, focusing on two contrasting regions: the semiarid Agreste and the humid Forest Zone. Based on climatic, soil, and crop data, the green (rainwater) and blue (irrigation water) WF components were quantified using the CROPWAT model. The grey component, representing the volume of freshwater required to dilute agricultural pollutants to environmentally acceptable concentrations, was estimated using normative thresholds and fertiliser data. Correlation analyses examined the influence of climatological variables such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation on WF variation. Results showed that total WF in the Agreste region had a marked predominance of blue water, indicating high irrigation dependence. WF values were lower in the Forest Zone, with green water predominant. The grey WF remained relevant in both regions, highlighting the need to address water quality in agricultural planning. Precipitation, humidity, and evapotranspiration were the principal climatic drivers of WF variability. Soil texture also played a significant role: in the Agreste, sandy soils require adaptive practices such as drip irrigation and vegetative cover, while in the Forest Zone, clayey soils benefit from moisture retention strategies including soil decompaction and agroforestry systems. These findings reinforce the value of the WF approach as a strategic instrument for sustainable, climate-responsive, and regionally adapted water resource management in agricultural systems.

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the most widely cultivated industrial crops worldwide, generating significant amounts of leaf biomass as a by-product. Rich in protein, these leaves offer potential for sustainable protein recovery. This study investigated protein extraction from sugar beet leaves using various combined techniques and evaluated the properties of the resulting protein concentrates. Among the methods, ultrasound-assisted extraction (U-AIP) yielded the highest protein content (61.75%), indicating its effectiveness in enhancing recovery. The ultrasound–enzyme-assisted method (UE-AIP) resulted in the highest bulk density, while U-AIP had the lowest, reflecting variations in porosity and compactness. Color analysis revealed intense coloration in enzyme-assisted samples (E-AIP), while UE-AIP appeared darkest, demonstrating how extraction techniques influence pigment retention. FTIR analysis confirmed characteristic protein peaks and indicated the presence of cellulose and its derivatives, particularly in enzyme- and ultrasound-assisted extracts, suggesting interactions between protein and non-protein compounds. SEM analysis showed that combined methods led to more porous and fragmented microstructures than alkali extraction/isoelectric precipitation. Overall, ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly enhanced protein yield and modified structural characteristics such as bulk density and porosity. Spectroscopic and microscopic findings supported the presence of compositional interactions, affecting the functionality and structure of the resulting protein isolates.

The current study evaluated the combine effects of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on sugarcane morphogenesis using thin cell layers (TCLs) of young leaf sheaths of sugarcane. A single-factor factorial design with multiple replications was applied on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with varying concentrations of MWCNTs (1–20 mg/L) and PGRs like 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), benzyl amino purine (BAP), and Kinetin (Kn). The TCL explants were culture under controlled condition; callus formation in the dark followed by regeneration under a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the significance of treatment effects, followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The results showed that MWCNTs-fortified media in addition to 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D significantly enhanced the morphogenic response with 99.6% callus induction and markedly higher biomass [fresh (643.3 ± 0.9 mg) and dry mass (591.9 ± 0.8 mg)]. In the regeneration phase, MWCNTs in 15.0 mg/L with BAP (2.0 mg/L) and NAA (0.2 mg/L) produced maximum shoots (42.6 ± 0.8) and longest shoot (21.1 ± 0.4 cm). Similarly, NAA in 1–4 mg/L and MWCNTs in 5–20 mg/L were employed for rhizogenesis. Maximum roots per explant (39.3 ± 0.8) with greatest length (7.66 ± 0.1 cm) were observed on 20.0 mg/L of MWCNTs in addition to 3.0 mg/L NAA. These findings demonstrate that MWCNTs act as potent enhancers of in vitro morphogenesis of sugarcane and open a new window to optimize the different input variables for in vitro regeneration of economically important crops.