Sugar Tech最新文献

When plant growth and development are affected by the environmental stresses, heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are activated and respond to stresses in many plants. However, the function of the HSF genes family in sugar crop is still unknown. In this study, a total of 16 BvHSF genes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were firstly identified by bioinformatics techniques, and they were unevenly distributed on seven of the nine chromosomes. The BvHSF genes were divided into Group A, Group B, and Group C by phylogenetic analysis, and members of the same family were found to have similar protein motifs and gene structures. Moreover, the expression levels of BvHSFs under salt stress were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that most of the BvHSF genes were upregulated to varying degrees, which once again verified that BvHSFs were involved in the response of sugar beet to salt stress. This is inextricably related to the composition of cis-acting regulatory elements of BvHSFs. The results from current study implied that BvHSFs play important roles in the response to salt stress and provide a valuable resource for further study of salt tolerance genes in sugar beet.

This study aims to apply circular economy principles through waste-to-energy processes to safely dispose of harmful materials, generate sustainable energy, and produce fertilizer. Poultry litter incineration ash (PLA) was acidified and enriched with urea to create a compound fertilizer, UMPLA, with a 4-14-5 composition. As a new material, molecular structure and functional groups of UMPLA were determined using SEM, XRD and RAMAN techniques. The effectiveness of UMPLA was tested on sugar beet, comparing it to the reference fertilizer (12-30-12) at both full and half-reduced P doses. The results showed that using an equal or half-reduced dose of UMPLA produced root yields equivalent to those achieved with the reference fertilizer. The P and Mg concentrations of the leaves increased to the same extent with both fertilizers compared to the control. However, reduced UMPLA resulted in lower P and Mg concentrations compared to the full dose. While, the fertilizer applications did not significantly affect the Fe and Cu concentrations in the plants, Zn and Mn concentrations decreased. Refined sugar yield (RSY) increased significantly with fertilizer applications compared to the control. Both fertilizers had a similar effect on RSY, and even the reduced UMPLA application produced a RSY comparable to that of the full-dose fertilizers. Neither the reference nor UMPLA treatments had any negative effects on root K, Na, α-amino N, or dry matter content. UMPLA was as effective as the widely used 12-30-12 fertilizer for sugar beet. These findings suggest that PLA, an increasingly abundant waste, can be effectively used as an alternative fertilizer raw material in plant production.

Sugarcane market in India is almost turning monopsonic in nature given the trend in declining jaggery processing units coupled with policies like cane reservation area and minimum distance criterion. Under the cane reservation policy, certain area is reserved for each sugar mill, and all the farmers are entitled to sell their cane only to that designated sugar mill. Deeper observation into the scenario unravels structure of existing sugarcane market. With the exploratory research approach this article tries to identify the monopsonic characteristics exhibited by sugarcane market, reasons behind it and its impact on sugarcane farmers and millers. Single buyer, restriction on entry of firms, geographic immobility of seller and buyer is a price maker are some of the monopsonic characteristics exhibited and reasons behind it could be deteriorating jaggery sector, lobbying capacities of sugar millers and inclined State support to sugar mills. This kind of market structure has several negative impacts on its stakeholders like limited opportunity for seller to select their buyer and vice versa, low welfare as compared to perfect competition and farmers lose their control over their microlevel decisions. This is important that now the State takes active step towards abolishing market distorting policies in sugar sector in order to find a solution to current crisis in the sector.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of different irrigation and fertilization levels on the yield and quality of wet sugar beet pulp used as animal feed in the 2019–2020 period. While the yield and quality analyses of sugar beet and the wet sugar beet pulp obtained from it were carried out in Yenişehir College Laboratories and Food and Feed Control Center Research Institute, Bursa, Turkey, BUÜ Yenişehir College Agricultural Production Area was chosen as the research area. In order to determine the effect of the irrigation-fertilization interaction on sugar beet and the wet sugar beet pulp obtained from it, four different irrigation and three fertilization treatments were determined and a total of twelve study treatments were created. In the research, drip irrigation systems were preferred in order to carry out irrigation and fertilization applications in a controlled manner. The amount of plant water consumption (ET) was calculated with the water balance equation (I + P − Dp ± ΔSW). Irrigation water amounts were determined as 800.0–200.0 mm and 820.0–205.0 mm, respectively. ET values were determined as 530.0–228.5 mm and 552.0–340.8 mm, respectively. While sugar beet root yield values in the 2019–2020 research years were determined as 112.0–110.0 t ha⁻¹ and 40.7–40.5 t ha⁻¹, respectively, wet sugar beet pulp by-product yield rates varied between 49.8–50.3% and 39.6–39.4%. When the dual interaction of irrigation-fertilization factors and the yield and quality losses of sugar beet roots and fresh pulp as a by-product are evaluated together, the I₇₅F₇₅ issue should be preferred. As a result, the importance of obtaining sugar from sugar beet roots and using the chemical content of the pulp obtained as a by-product as animal feed has been tried to be revealed.

Global warming is contributing to an increase in the frequency of extreme climate events, leading to more frequent droughts that pose significant abiotic stressors affecting the growth and yield of sugar beet. To address the detrimental effects of drought stress on sugar beet seedlings, this study simulated a drought environment and examined the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis on seedling growth. The findings revealed that AMF inoculation under drought conditions enhanced the photosynthesis rate and increased the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of sugar beet. Additionally, it effectively mitigated cell membrane damage in the seedlings, elevated the levels of osmoregulatory substances, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in both leaves and roots. The inoculation of AMF regulates the physiological processes associated with sugar beet growth, alleviates the adverse effects of drought stress, and promotes seedling development. Consequently, AMF can be regarded as a valuable bioregulator in sugar beet cultivation under drought conditions, providing significant practical benefits for improving sugar beet yield.

This study introduces a novel approach utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for the detection and classification of Cercospora beticola and Erysiphe betae diseases, aiming to enhance both the quantity and quality of sugar beet yield, a pivotal commodity in agriculture. The research focuses on disease identification and plant categorization, leveraging deep learning (DL) techniques for sustainable agricultural practices. Delayed detection and treatment of these diseases pose significant threats to harvest productivity, emphasizing the importance of timely intervention. Timely and accurate disease detection is crucial for improving sugar beet yield and quality for agricultural production. This study employed DL methods to classify sugar beet leaf images into healthy or diseased categories, followed by sub-classification into Cercospora beticola or Erysiphe betae. The proposed model's efficacy was evaluated through comparative analysis with established models such as the Visual Geometry Group networks (VGG16 and VGG19), InceptionV3, AlexNet, and ResNet50, renowned for their robust performance in image classification tasks. The dataset consisted of 4128 samples covering healthy and diseased sugar beet leaves, further classified as Cercospora beticola and Erysiphe betae. Additionally, the performance of the proposed model was compared with other models in terms of train time. Remarkably, although transfer learning is not implemented in the proposed model, it achieves 98% accuracy, 96% precision, 100% recall, and 98% F1-score, exceeding transfer learning models. This study advocates adopting a CNN model with a light-weight structure, facilitates rapid assembly, and has high recognition sensitivity of disease classification.

In response to the lack of sugarcane planters in the hilly and mountainous areas of Yunnan Province, a new type of pre-cutting sugarcane planter suitable for hilly and mountainous operations was designed. Based on the operating process of the planter, the mechanical characteristics of the key component of the planter, the furrowing and soil covering device, were analysed, and a segmented plough wing was designed by using the flow characteristics of soil. Based on the discrete element method (DEM) and response surface method, a DEM model was established for the operation of the furrowing and soil covering device. The model investigated the effect of the parameters of the furrowing and soil covering device on the covering depth and operating resistance. Additionally, a regression model was obtained to analyse the relationship between the indicators and the factors. Design-Expert 12.0 software was used to optimize the parameters of the furrowing and covering device, aiming to minimize resistance and achieve the optimal soil covering depth range. The results showed that when the operational speed was 1.5 m/s, the depth of operation was 300 mm, the angle between the plough wings was 68.90°, the covering depth was 61.30 mm, and the operating resistance was 2110.37 N. Field experiments were conducted with the optimal combination of operating parameters. The average values of soil covering depth and operating resistance were 63.60 mm and 2514.11 N, and the relative errors were 3.75% and 19.13%, respectively. These research results can provide a reference for structural improvements to pre-cutting sugarcane planters and parameters control of the furrow opener.

The study on seasonal abundance of ectoparasitoid Fulgoraecia melanoleuca (Fletcher) life stages and its parasitism on host P. perpusilla (Walker) was conducted in the sugarcane fields selected one each from three different agro-climatic zones of Punjab, i.e. Hoshiarpur (sub-mountainous undulating zone), Jalandhar (Central plain zone) and Fazilka (south-western zone). The population of parasitoid increased with increase in the host population, indicating a density-dependent relationship between them. Among different agro-climatic zones, population count of P. perpusilla and F. melanoleuca as well as natural parasitism on sugarcane crop was more in central plain zone as compared to sub-mountainous undulating zone and was lowest in south-western zone. The total parasitism (nymphs + adult) reached its peak during the second fortnight of September at Hoshiarpur (25.27%) and Fazilka (8.28%). However, it was maximum in the first fortnight of September at Jalandhar (27.60%). Both host and parasitoid populations showed a small peak in the month of May; however, there was decline in the June month. It again accelerated from the month of July and continued to increase abruptly at the faster rate reaching peak in the September month. Thereafter, the population showed a declining trend. During winter months from December to March, the parasitoid F. melanoleuca overwintered in egg and pupal stage (cocoon) on leftover sugarcane trash to overcome unfavourable low temperature and again became active on spring sown crop during the month of April. However, the overwintering was predominantly in the cocoon stage. The findings will help in devising an effective augmentative biological control programme against this pest.

There are many publications over the past 20 years comparing nano-nutrients with their traditional forms. Differently, this study examined the effect of applying nano-Fe and nano-Zn—in two different ways (foliar and soil application)—on sugarcane development, yield, and mineral status using a greenhouse experiment at the National Research Centre. The study results of first yield (plant cane crop) showed that nano-Fe caused an increase in plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight (FW) of leaves, FW of stalk, and total FW by 5.3%, 20.3%, 38.0%, 27.4%, and 33.3%, respectively, compared to nano-Zn. Despite the majority of growth metrics showed to be improved by using either of the two nano-sources, both nano-Fe and nano-Zn have been demonstrated to negatively impact nutrient ratios. The foliar application method was found to be superior, and the second application of nano-Zn to soil effectively halted the growth of all treated replicates. The data of the first ratoon (second yield) showed that FW of leaves, FW of stalk, total FW, and dried weight (DW) of stalk followed one trend line (nano-Fe–soil > control-foliar (sprayed distilled water) > nano-Zn-foliar > nano-Fe-foliar > control-soil (distilled water added to soil)). In conclusion it can be noticed that using nanoparticles as a fertilizer could be a weapon with double-edges, since this may induce unexpected harmful effects. It is recommended to conduct additional research to comprehend the mechanisms underlying why a nano-source that benefits plants may harm them after the second addition.

The practice of burnt cane harvesting is commonly used by sugarcane farmers in Thailand, but has resulted in air pollution, soil nutrient depletion and reduced sugarcane productivity. Green cane harvest management, which returns straw to the field and enhances soil fertility, offers a promising solution. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of burnt cane and green cane harvest management on nutrients (N, P, K) uptake and yield in ratoon sugarcane grown in sandy and clayey soils. This study consisted of two field experiments: one in clay loam soil and one in sandy soil. Two treatments were applied at planted cane harvest: burnt cane harvest (B) and green cane harvest (G). At ratoon harvest, three treatments were applied: B-B (burnt at both harvests), B-G (burnt at planted harvest and green harvest at ratoon harvests), and G-G (green at both harvests). The nutrients content of stalk and straw was analyzed during the growth stage, and commercial cane sugar (CCS) content was recorded at planted and ratoon cane harvests. Our results show that the green cane harvest management at planted cane harvest increased ratoon cane nutrients uptake and proportions in sugarcane straw at 4 MAH in both soil types. Additionally, this management technique enhanced commercial cane sugar, particularly under clay loam soil conditions. These results suggest that green cane harvest management may improve sugarcane productivity and sustainability, while mitigating negative environmental impacts.