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Professor Colin Pearson: ‘one of the most versatile and capable conservators of his generation’† 科林·皮尔森教授:“他这一代中最多才多艺、最有能力的修复者之一”†
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2018.1489456
M. Scott
Professor Colin Pearson played a transformative role in cultural materials conservation in Australia. As a founding member of the AICCM, the first Editor of its peer-reviewed journal, and the Head and Professor of the first tertiary conservation education program in Australia, Colin Pearson influenced the lives and careers of many conservators across Australia and further afield. This paper considers his extraordinary contributions, with a particular focus on conservation education, highlighting his many achievements and his legacy to the discipline and to the profession.
科林·皮尔森教授在澳大利亚的文化材料保护中发挥了变革性的作用。作为AICCM的创始成员,其同行评议期刊的第一任编辑,以及澳大利亚第一个高等保护教育项目的负责人和教授,科林·皮尔森影响了澳大利亚乃至更远地区许多保护人员的生活和事业。本文考虑了他的非凡贡献,特别关注保护教育,突出了他的许多成就和他对学科和职业的遗产。
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引用次数: 0
Contribution to Research: Colin Pearson† 研究贡献:科林·皮尔森†
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2018.1509550
I. MacLeod
The contribution that Colin Pearson has made to materials conservation in Australia is second to none. The impact that Colin had on the foundation of the Western Australian Museum’s conservation department has continued to echo down through four decades. This paper is a reflection from the WA Museum perspective on the man, his talents and the inspiration that he left behind that has motivated conservators and conservation scientists in Western Australia.
科林·皮尔森对澳大利亚材料保护的贡献是首屈一指的。科林对西澳大利亚博物馆保护部门的影响持续了四十年。这篇文章是从西澳大利亚博物馆的角度对这个人的反思,他的才华和他留下的灵感,激励了西澳大利亚州的保护人员和保护科学家。
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引用次数: 0
Tea: An Alternative Adsorbent for the Preservation of Cellulose Triacetate Film 茶:一种保存三醋酸纤维素薄膜的吸附剂
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2017.1402413
Julianne Bell, M. Newnham, P. Nel
Cellulose triacetate (CTA) film, the main film base of the Twentieth Century, is inherently unstable, affected by autocatalytic deterioration through hydrolysis. The release of, and subsequent exposure to, acetic acid known as ‘vinegar syndrome’ accelerates deterioration, placing all cellulose acetate materials at risk or actively deteriorating. Preservation techniques rely on cold storage to slow deterioration or microenvironments with adsorbent materials to remove corrosives and/or pollutants. However, commercially available adsorbents can be expensive and difficult to access. This research investigated the potential for tea and tea waste to act as an alternative, low cost, accessible adsorbent for the preservation of CTA film. Adsorption capabilities of various tea varieties and treatments were compared with activated charcoal, silica gel and molecular sieves. Testing established tea as an effective adsorbent of water and acetic acid vapour, with an aversion to adsorption of the plasticiser dibutyl-phthalate. Use of tea waste also involves additional cost, sustainability and accessibility benefits along with lessened corrosive potential. These findings support tea as a potentially viable alternative adsorbent for the preservation of CTA film, requiring further research into optimum application systems.
三乙酸纤维素(CTA)膜是20世纪的主要膜基材,其固有的不稳定性受到水解自催化降解的影响。被称为“醋综合征”的乙酸的释放和随后的暴露会加速恶化,使所有醋酸纤维素材料面临风险或积极恶化。保存技术依赖于冷藏来减缓变质或使用吸附材料去除腐蚀物和/或污染物的微环境。然而,商业上可获得的吸附剂可能是昂贵的并且难以获得。本研究调查了茶和茶废料作为CTA膜保存的替代性、低成本、可获得的吸附剂的潜力。用活性炭、硅胶和分子筛对不同品种和处理的茶叶的吸附性能进行了比较。测试表明,茶是水和乙酸蒸汽的有效吸附剂,不利于增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的吸附。茶废料的使用还涉及额外的成本、可持续性和可及性,以及减少腐蚀潜力。这些发现支持茶作为保存CTA膜的潜在可行的替代吸附剂,需要对最佳应用系统进行进一步研究。
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引用次数: 1
Meek’s Atlas: Treatment of an oversized rolled chart 米克的地图集:超大卷图的处理
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2017.1409152
A. Hamilton, M. Kocsis
In 2015, an oversized 1862 photolithograph of Meek’s Historical and Descriptive Atlas of the British Colonies in Continental and Insular Australia surfaced as a conservation and digitisation priority within the Maps collection at the State Library Victoria, Melbourne. Originating as a large-scale pen and ink drawing by James McKain Meek in 1861, the Atlas provided a condensed history of each of the Australian colonies and was widely celebrated for its skilful miniature penmanship, winning a First Prize at the 1861 Victorian International Exhibition. Meek subsequently printed copies of the Atlas by photolithograph as a commercial enterprise, and a number remain in public collections across Australia. The original drawing is since thought lost. The photolithograph was prioritised for treatment in view of its social and historical significance, aesthetic appeal and unique content. This chart may be the only available representation of a second version of the Atlas, which includes additional printed elements. Oversized works on paper, particularly those in poor condition, can present challenges for conservators. This paper will discuss the treatment of Meek’s Atlas, presenting a modified procedure for the conservation of oversized rolled charts that highlights the use of Western and Japanese materials and techniques.
2015年,米克的《澳大利亚大陆和岛屿英国殖民地历史和描述地图集》1862年的超大光刻图作为墨尔本维多利亚州立图书馆地图收藏中的保护和数字化优先事项浮出水面。《地图集》最初是詹姆斯·麦克凯恩·米克于1861年创作的一幅大型水墨画,它浓缩了澳大利亚各殖民地的历史,并因其娴熟的微型书法而广受赞誉,在1861年维多利亚国际展览上获得一等奖。米克随后作为一家商业企业通过光刻机印刷了《地图集》,其中一些仍在澳大利亚各地的公共收藏中。原来的画被认为是丢失的。鉴于其社会和历史意义、美学吸引力和独特内容,光刻机被优先处理。该图表可能是第二版地图集的唯一可用表示,其中包括额外的印刷元素。纸张上的超大作品,尤其是那些状况不佳的作品,可能会给保护人员带来挑战。本文将讨论米克地图集的处理,介绍一种保存超大滚动图表的修改程序,强调使用西方和日本的材料和技术。
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引用次数: 0
Framing perspectives: Frames Conservation and Reframing at the National Gallery of Victoria 框架的观点:框架的保护和重构在维多利亚国家美术馆
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2017.1396066
Holly McGowan-Jackson
This paper discusses changing attitudes to picture frames during the twentieth century at the National Gallery of Victoria. By the 1990s frames conservation, research and reframing were areas of focus for the institution. The approaches and methods developed at the National Gallery of Victoria while addressing the framing needs of the collection over the past two decades are outlined, with examples provided by three case studies. This includes the introduction of innovative methods of communicating information about frames and their conservation, to staff, volunteers and visitors, both in the gallery and on-line.
本文讨论了二十世纪在维多利亚国家美术馆对相框的态度的变化。到20世纪90年代,框架保护、研究和重构成为该机构的重点领域。本文概述了维多利亚国家美术馆在过去二十年中为解决藏品框架需求而开发的方法和方法,并通过三个案例研究提供了示例。这包括在画廊和网上向工作人员、志愿者和参观者介绍有关框架及其保护的信息的创新方法。
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引用次数: 2
A novel dioxime compound for protecting copper in neutral chloride solutions and to treat bronze disease in archaeological artefacts 一种新型二肟化合物,用于保护中性氯溶液中的铜和治疗考古文物中的青铜病
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2017.1407865
Ahmad N. Abu-Baker, Mahmoud A. Al-Qudah
This study aimed to evaluate (4,6-dihydroxy benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde dioxime (DBDD)) as a novel corrosion inhibitor for protecting copper in neutral sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions and conserving archaeological copper-based artefacts suffering from bronze disease. Potentiodynamic polarisation techniques showed that DBDD was effective in inhibiting copper corrosion in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. An Iron Age copper-based fibula was used for testing DBDD; X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that it was suffering from bronze disease before treatment was initiated. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigations showed that DBDD coordinated with copper ions in the corrosion products and formed a protective film on the surface. Investigating the interaction of DBDD with pure copper chloride and carbonate minerals representing corrosion products appearing on archaeological artefacts proved the formation of new passive species between DBDD and these minerals. The fibula treated with DBDD showed no signs of corrosion after exposure to high relative humidity. It was concluded that DBDD was effective in protecting copper exposed to a neutral chloride-containing environment and passivating corrosion products appearing on heavily corroded archaeological artefacts suffering from bronze disease.
本研究旨在评价(4,6-二羟基苯-1,3-二甲醛二肟(DBDD))作为一种新型缓蚀剂,可在中性氯化钠(NaCl)溶液中保护铜,并保护遭受青铜疾病的考古铜基文物。电位动态极化技术表明,DBDD能有效抑制铜在3.5wt.%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀。铁时代铜基腓骨用于测试DBDD;X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,在开始处理之前,它就患有青铜病。扫描电子显微镜能量色散光谱(SEM-EDS)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究表明,DBDD与腐蚀产物中的铜离子配位,并在表面形成保护膜。研究DBDD与代表考古文物上出现的腐蚀产物的纯氯化铜和碳酸盐矿物的相互作用,证明了DBDD与这些矿物之间形成了新的被动物种。DBDD处理的腓骨在暴露于高相对湿度后没有显示出腐蚀迹象。结果表明,DBDD在保护暴露于中性含氯化物环境中的铜和钝化严重腐蚀的青铜文物上出现的腐蚀产物方面是有效的。
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引用次数: 4
Editorial 社论
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2017.1409388
N. Tse
As we come to the end of , volume . of the AICCM Bulletin includes six institutional perspectives on current conservation research and practice. While papers from the recent  AICCM National Conference ‘Collaborate Connect Conserve,’ will be the focus of volume . in . From the outset the content of these two volumes will be quite different but are likewise similar with a central focus on the conservation skills of interdisciplinarity, resourcefulness and creativity. Volume . explores the material fabric of objects, and the mechanisms and approaches toward extending the lifetimes of collections. It reports on the highly technical skills and ways of understanding objects that the discipline of conservation is admired for. While the  volumes, will show how objects and collections are ‘doing more’ with the well-known conservation skills highlighted in this volume, along with other skills that are evolving and transforming as part of conservation practice. It will also include a historical and critical reflection of Professor Colin Pearson’s contribution to conservation in Australia, which is an opportunity to assess transformations, where we are today and where objects, and hence our skills base, reside within the discipline and the political, societal and economic values today. This brings us back to volume . and the underlying conservation skills and principles that ground the papers and the knowledge that each explores. Within GLAM, that is galleries, libraries, archives and museums, our practice-based and decision making conservation skills are illustrated well in Albertine Hamilton and Marika Kocsis’s paper on the ‘Meek’s Atlas: Treatment of an oversized rolled chart’. The  photolithograph based on James McKain Meek  drawings of colonial Australia, are important cultural records that illustrate the way mid-nineteenth century Australia was interpreted, claimed and classified by those in governance. As such, the  photolithograph is a significant record of its time, valued for its ability to articulate identity and Australia as a nation then, and can continue to be interpreted and accessed upon digitisation. The work itself is made of inherently low quality materials and given its damage and size, this offered the authors a conservation challenge where resourcefulness was demonstrated utilising established and Japanese paper conservation skills. Likewise, Vanessa Kowalski, Catherine Nunn and Caroline Fry’s paper titled ‘“Landscape in Miniature”—The use of the gum leaf as a painting support in colonial Victoria’ is a fascinating document, work of art and conservation treatment. Uniquely Australian as an oil painting on a gum leaf, the form is a reminder of place, Australia and a cultural record important to our identity. As Australians we are all aware of dry gum leaves in summer, and it is technical mastery that Alfred William Eustace first produced these paintings in , and that they have been cared for an
Ruby Awburn、Caroline Fry和Petronella Nel关于“协商结果:调查当代绘画专有艺术家涂层材料的比较颜色变化”的论文,是一个例子,说明了保护如何通过合作帮助艺术家进行文化生产,并试图回答“它能持续多久”这一难题。随着艺术家可以获得新的材料和对物质性的探索,艺术家们经常提出这个问题,并通过保护生产基于科学知识的材料,我们能够支持澳大利亚正在进行的艺术和文化生产。环氧树脂的浇注层产生了类似玻璃的表面,现在有了这些新型环氧基艺术家材料的降解特性的知识,保护组织可以更好地提供建议并进行补救处理。我们需要了解退化概况及其影响
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引用次数: 0
Negotiated Outcomes: Investigating Comparative Colour Change of Proprietary Artist Coating Materials for Contemporary Paintings 协商结果:研究当代绘画专有艺术家涂层材料的对比性色彩变化
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2017.1398851
Ruby Awburn, Caroline Fry, P. Nel
A new practice is emerging in Australian contemporary art where an epoxy resin is applied as a poured coating onto paintings to obtain a glassy, high-gloss surface layer. However, as the epoxy resin ages it causes undesirable aesthetic and structural issues for the artworks, including yellowing and delamination. As epoxies are known to have limited reversibility, remediation treatment is problematic. In response to artists’ increased usage of epoxy resin coatings as a finish for paintings, various commercial brands have released epoxy-based products, advertised to be resistant to yellowing. In addition, other proprietary brands of artists’ materials have released acrylic emulsion-based products formulated to create a high-gloss surface similar to the epoxy coatings. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate and compare the deterioration characteristics of several proprietary epoxies and an acrylic resin, known to be used as coatings on contemporary paintings, using accelerated ageing and colourimetry analysis. In addition, a contemporary artist who uses these materials was interviewed regarding their practice and expectations of the coating material. This study aims to inform artist selection regarding the performance and stability of the tested proprietary epoxy or acrylic resin coatings for contemporary paintings.
澳大利亚当代艺术中出现了一种新的做法,将环氧树脂作为浇注涂层涂覆在绘画上,以获得玻璃状、高光泽的表面层。然而,随着环氧树脂的老化,它会给艺术品带来不理想的美学和结构问题,包括发黄和分层。由于已知环氧树脂的可逆性有限,修复处理是有问题的。为了应对艺术家越来越多地使用环氧树脂涂层作为绘画饰面,各种商业品牌都发布了环氧基产品,广告称其耐黄变。此外,其他专有品牌的艺术家材料已经发布了丙烯酸乳液基产品,其配方可以创造出类似于环氧涂层的高光泽表面。这项研究的主要目的是使用加速老化和色度分析来评估和比较几种专有环氧树脂和丙烯酸树脂的劣化特性,丙烯酸树脂已知用作当代绘画的涂层。此外,一位使用这些材料的当代艺术家接受了采访,了解他们对涂层材料的实践和期望。本研究旨在为艺术家的选择提供有关当代绘画专用环氧或丙烯酸树脂涂层性能和稳定性的信息。
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引用次数: 0
‘Landscape In Miniature’—The use of the gum leaf as a painting support in colonial Victoria “微型景观”——殖民地维多利亚时期使用树胶叶作为绘画支撑
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2017.1380919
Caroline Fry, V. Kowalski, Catherine Nunn
The paper examines the history of the use of the gum leaf as a support for oil paintings in colonial Australia, with a focus on the conservation treatment of four paintings by artist Alfred William Eustace from the Albury City Gallery Collection. The paper presents some historic background and describes the technical analysis of the material components of these unique paintings, their condition and the conservation treatment undertaken in preparation for exhibition.
本文考察了殖民地澳大利亚使用树胶叶支持油画的历史,重点研究了艺术家阿尔弗雷德·威廉·尤斯塔斯(Alfred William Eustace)在奥尔伯里城市美术馆收藏的四幅油画的保护处理。本文介绍了一些历史背景,并介绍了对这些独特画作的材料组成、状况的技术分析,以及为筹备展览而进行的保护处理。
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引用次数: 0
Illuminating intuition with evidence: assessing collection risks within Museums Victoria's exhibitions 用证据照亮直觉:评估维多利亚博物馆展览中的收藏风险
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10344233.2017.1347246
Alice Cannon, R. Waller
Collection risk assessments were conducted for each of Museum Victoria’s three exhibition venues, using a method based on the Cultural Property Risk Analysis Model (CPRAM) to identify, characterise, and quantify risks. The results of the assessments showed that cumulative light exposure was, by far, the highest risk to collections on display. However, other results were less intuitive. Water leaks and pest infestations made up a large percentage of recorded incident reports but ranked very low in terms of overall expected loss to the collection. Loss due to seismic activity ranked higher than expected, given the popular perception that seismic activity need not concern those living in the Melbourne region. The assessments also highlighted which object populations are more likely to suffer damage. Plastic materials, fluid-preserved specimens, objects on open display, and objects on very long-term display were found to be most at risk. The results of the assessments were illuminating and will inform future exhibition design and maintenance programmes. Additionally, the results identified existing data gaps and thus also identified areas of research that will benefit collection care. Such research—for example, microfading tests—will enable future risk estimates to become increasingly realistic and validated.
使用基于文化财产风险分析模型(CPRAM)的方法,对维多利亚博物馆的三个展览场地中的每一个进行了收藏风险评估,以识别、表征和量化风险。评估结果显示,到目前为止,累积曝光是展出藏品的最高风险。然而,其他结果则不那么直观。漏水和虫害在记录的事件报告中占很大比例,但就收集的总体预期损失而言,排名非常低。地震活动造成的损失高于预期,因为人们普遍认为地震活动不必与墨尔本地区的居民有关。评估还强调了哪些目标群体更有可能遭受损害。塑料材料、流体保存的标本、公开展出的物品和长期展出的物品被发现风险最大。评估结果很有启发性,将为未来的展览设计和维护计划提供信息。此外,研究结果确定了现有的数据差距,从而也确定了有利于收集护理的研究领域。这样的研究——例如,微加载测试——将使未来的风险估计变得越来越现实和有效。
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引用次数: 0
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